Unit 1 Quiz Humanities

Why do some refer to the Middle Ages as dark?

-Many people suffered due to poverty, disease and exhausting work. Because of the war, food was extremely limited, and the majority of the population struggled financially. - The Black Death, Anti-Seminism, and the Crusades all occurred during this time

Secularism

Increased focus on the material/physical world.

Vernacular - term meaning

The everyday language of the people

Characteristics of Gothic and Romanesque cathedrals

- Romanesque = heavy, wide ceilings, smaller windows, rounded arches, thick walls, short. - Gothic = supported by flying buttresses, thin walls, pointed arches, big windows

Niccolo Machiavelli and his views expressed in The Prince

An effective leader must be generous, yet cautious, strive to be both feared and loved, appear to have all good qualities, but can easily hide them, extremely adaptable and flexible under pressure. (Extremely high expectations!)

Individualism

Glorifying the potential of the individual person

Petrarch

Known as "The Father of Humanism", among the first to promote a revival of classical texts, divided history into distinct periods.

Characteristics of Medieval Literature

Literature was written in poems or songs since many could not read. Literature based on battles or loyalty to the church. Books were scarce, only the wealthy could afford them.

The Medici Family

One of the most famous patrons, extremely powerful, controlled the wealthiest bank in Europe, funded major artists (Michelangelo, Brunelleschi)

Characteristics of art of the Middle Ages

Religious figures (gold colors, clothing), could depict everyday activities, unrealistic, little to no focus on humanism, everyone looked similar, no depth/perspective

Classical Greece and Rome & the role both played in the Renaissance

The art in the Renaissance was influenced by the style of art in Greece and Rome. This included mythological themes, idealized beauty, classical architecture, and emphasis on secular

Humanism

The study of Humanity, revival of the classical past.

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy during the 1450s?

Wealth of Italian city-states, rise of the wealthy merchant class, increased knowledge (scholars from Constantinople flee to Italy)

Patrons

Wealthy people who were financial supporters of the arts (made the Renaissance possible)