Unit 1 Science Test

In 2015, the ozone hole was one of the largest on record . How do scientists explain this observation?

CFCs stay in the atmosphere for many years after they are released

Natural systems vary in scale in terms of both size and time. Put the system below in order from smallest to largest.

An oyster, a pond, the Grand Canyon, the Mississippi River, the Atlantic Ocean, Earth's atmosphere

What are the primarily elements that make up Earth's atmosphere?

Nitrogen and Oxygen

Why does the hole change?

Polar vortex and cold temperatures (CFC'S)

Atmosphere

composed of mostly nitrogen and oxygen. Gas layer surrounding the Earth

What is ozone?

a colorless unstable toxic gas with a pungent odor and powerful oxidizing properties, formed from oxygen by electrical discharges or ultraviolet light. It differs from normal oxygen (O2) in having three atoms in its molecule (O3).

system

a part of the universe, made up of interacting components, that can be studied independently

Model

a simplified representation designed to show the structure or workings of an object, systems, or concept

Rainwater washing away sediment on a hillside is primarily an interaction between which of the following Earth's spheres?

Hydrosphere and Geoshphere

When will the ozone heal?

2070

Match each sphere interaction with the process that best exemplifies it.

A stream carries rock down a mountainside- geosphere and hydrosphere; A tree root breaks apart a rock- geosphere and biosphere; A volcano erupts, emitting sulfur dioxide into the air- geosphere and atmosphere; Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide- atmosphere and biosphere; Water condenses out the air as dew on the ground- atmosphere and hydrosphere; Plants take in water through their roots- hydrosphere and biosphere

Which of the following questions can be best answered by thinking of Earth as a system of interconnected parts? Choose all that apply.

A.) How is heat transported from the equator to the poles? C.) What was the role of the Earth's early life forms around the Earth's atmosphere? D.) Where can the effects of changes in global wind patterns be observed?

The map shows the regions that are studied to predict El Nino events. Which best describes the purpose of the map?

A.) It defines the systems where El Nino originates.

Coral bleaching is evidence of what change?

An increase in water temperature

Match each component or process to the sphere or spheres of Earth that it is part of.

Anthroposphere- dirt road; Atmosphere- ozone, evaporation; Biosphere- people, plants, volcanic eruption; Cryosphere- evaporation; Geosphere- dirt road, rock, evaporation, volcanic eruption; Hydrosphere- ocean, glaciers, groundwater, evaporation

Which of the following inferences can be made based on the maps below? Choose all that apply.

Biodiversity might depend on rain fall

Which is an inference that can be made about the characteristics of the early Earth system based on evidence from the study of the banded iron formation?

D.) Free oxygen was concentrated mainly in the ocean where it was produced by algae.

Biosphere

Includes all living organisms

Geosphere

Includes, solid and liquid rock, mountains, minerals, coal

Which of these statements correctly describes a benefit of ozone to people?

It decreases the chance of developing skin cancer.

Which type of model is the best used to show how a variable differs from place to place over Earth's surface?

Map

A system consists of components of matter and energy and the processes that involve the matter and energy. Sort the items of the list as components of matter,energy, or processes in a system.

Matter-gas, lava, rock, water; Energy-heat, light ; Process in a system-chemical reaction, melting, motion

Which of these events is an example of how the water cycle includes interactions with the biosphere?

Rainwater falls on a grassy slope

Hydrosphere

Snow, ice, water vapor and water. Extends into the air and ground.

Explain why some Earth science questions can't be answered without thinking of Earth a s a system.

Some Earth science questions can't be answered because a system is a part of the universe made up of components and Earth has many components.

The map below shows the ozone hole in 2015. What do the colors represent?

The concentration of ozone molecules in the atmosphere

The evidence supporting the Earth system approach for studying the planet came from several discoveries including the relationship between carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could affect other systems.

The increase in carbon dioxide can affect other systems by affecting peoples breathing.

Why is it important for scientists to study multiple systems on Earth at the same time instead of studying them separately?

They can observe how parts of the different systems affect each other.

What is the average size of the hole in 1997?

Total hole divided by the Total number of years= 23.5mkm2

phenomena

observable events or circumstances scientists often starting by defining a system