Unit 1 Test
3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 Ten participants in a treatment group were asked to rate their feelings of self worth on a scale of one to ten, with a value of ten indicating a very positive feeling of self-worth. The data for the participants are above. What is the mean for these data?
6.4
In a research study, informed consent is a concern of ____.
ethics
Which of the following studies has had the most profound impact on ethical issues in psychological research?
Stanley Milgram's study of obedience
In developmental psychology, one advantage of cross-sectional over longitudinal studies is that cross-sectional research ____.
requires comparatively little time
All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:
research may not involve deception
What is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population?
by using a random selection of people in that population
Dr. Jones is conducting research to determine if IQ changes with age. The research design includes three groups of participants. Group 1 consists of 10 year olds, group 2 of 15 year olds, and group 3 of 25 year olds. Dr. Jones gives an IQ test to all three groups to determine the average IQ of each group. The design of the research is ____.
cross-sectional
A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that ____.
participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out
Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves ____.
self-examination of mental processes
Which if the following is the strongest correlation?
-.90
2, 11, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 5 What is the mode of the number set above?
2
Which of the following studies is from an evolutionary perspective?
A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children
Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?
As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases
Martha is an undergraduate student who is interested in pursuing a career in psychology. She wants to use her knowledge of psychology to help employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select in graduate school?
Industrial-organizational
What is Mr. Ray's favorite college football team?
Nebraska
Which of the following statements best describes the graph above?
Negatively skewed distribution
Which of the following perspectives suggests that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feelings that originate in early childhood?
Psychoanalytic
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?
Psychodynamic
Which of the following statements is true of the above graphs?
The mean is identical for both distributions; the standard deviation is larger for distribution A.
A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is ____.
a case study
A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is ____.
a positive correlation
Dr. Larson was interested in whether classical music helps students perform better on a test. Dr. Larson randomly assigned half of the study's participants to a group that listened to classical music while taking a test. The other half of the participants did not listen to music while taking a test. The research design Dr. Larson used is ____.
an experiment
Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people's ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Group 1 receives dim light, and group 2 receives bright light. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?
an experiment
Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association help ensure that human participants in psychological research ____.
are protected from physical and psychological harm
Which of the following is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of the study?
confounding variable
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the ____.
dependent variable
Which if the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
experimental
A researcher uses debriefing when he ____.
explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete
The most important reason to use operational definitions in psychological research is it ____.
helps everyone involved with the research understandand collect data in the same manner
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly ____.
inferred causation from correlation
According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?
it should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research
Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research ____.
may reveal a causal relation
Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as ____.
naturalistic observation
An illusory correlation is best defined as a ____.
perceived relationship where one does not exist
In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's ____.
problem-solving strategies
The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a ____.
scatterplot
Which of the follow studies demonstrated a cross-sectional research design?
testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year
Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that ____.
time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?
type of television program viewed
Marjorie's little brother tends to bother her when he is bored. Marjorie wants to figure out which toy will keep her brother occupied the longest so he will not bother her. She conducts a study where each day at 6P.M. for a week she gives her brother a different toy and on one of the days she gives him no toys to play with. She measures the amount of time he spends playing with each toy before he comes to bother her. Which of the following is the independent variable in this example?
type of toy
