Unit 10: Lesson 1 - Carbohydrates
These are the structures of carbohydrates:
A monosaccharide is a carbohydrate that consists of a simple sugar and is a basic building block for other carbohydrates. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, and ribose. A polysaccharide is a polymeric carbohydrate molecule that is formed by the combination of many monosaccharides. The most common polysaccharides are cellulose, starch, and glycogen. A disaccharide is a carbohydrate that is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a condensation reaction. Disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
_____________ is the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds, reactions, and other processes that occur within living organisms.
Biochemistry
___________ is a class of biochemical compounds that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio of 2:1.
Carbohydrate
_______ provides a stiff framework for the stems and cell walls of plants because it consists of many glucose monomers arranged in long strands that produce a tough network of fibers.
Cellulose
Glucose exists in several isometric forms, such as a right-handed isomer named ______, a left-handed isomer named ______, and two forms named D-glucopyranose and D-glucofuranose.
D-glucose L-glucose cyclic
_______________ is a chemical decomposition reaction that results when a compound reacts with water.
Hydrolysis
_________ can be easily broken down into glucose whenever the cells need more nutrients, and because they form individual strands, starch can pack tightly together, making it possible to store great amounts of glucose in small spaces. Starch is found in all plants.
Starch
monosaccharide
a carbohydrate that consists of a simple sugar and is a basic building block for other carbohydrates
hydrolysis
a chemical decomposition reaction that results when a compound reacts with water
carbohydrate
a class of biochemical compounds that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio of 2:1
polysaccharide
a polymeric carbohydrate molecule that is formed by the combination of many monosaccharides
A ______________ is a carbohydrate that is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a condensation reaction.
disaccharide
Most people do not eat every 15 minutes (although teenagers seem to be hungry all the time), so the body provides another storage mechanism to store up glucose for future use. The compound that provides this storage mechanism is _____________.
glycogen
When sucrose is dissolved in water, ______ will break down the sucrose molecules into molecules of glucose and fructose.
hydrolysis
A _____________ is a carbohydrate that consists of a simple sugar and is a basic building block for other carbohydrates. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, and ribose.
monosaccharide
A _______________ is a polymeric carbohydrate molecule that is formed by the combination of many monosaccharides.
polysaccharide
sugars starches cellulose glycogen
provide nutrition stores sugars for future use provides structure and support for the plant is used to store food.
Normally, the hydrolysis of sucrose is accomplished in the intestine by an enzyme called _________.
sucrase
Carbohydrates can be divided into four general types by their function. The four general types of carbohydrates are __________, __________, ____________, and ______________.
sugars glycogen cellulose starches
biochemistry
the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds, reactions, and other processes that occur within living organisms
disaccharide
the carbohydrate formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a condensation reaction
