Unit 11 Blood Vessels and Pressure

The volume of blood present in the body has a direct effect on blood pressure. True False

True

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________. arterioles elastic arteries venules muscular arteries

arterioles

Which layer (or tunic) of the blood vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle and elastin? Tunica externa Tunica media endothelium

Tunica media

At rest, on average, how many times per minute does the heart beat?

75

The outermost layer (or tunic) of the blood vessel wall is called the: lumen. tunica externa endothelium tunica media.

tunica externa

If there is a decrease in blood volume, what would be the effect on blood pressure (BP)? BP would increase. BP would decrease. BP would stay the same.

BP would decrease.

Predict what would happen to heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) with increased parasympathetic input. Answers: Decreased HR, decreased SV, and increased CO Decreased HR, increased SV, and no change to CO Decreased HR, decreased SV, and decreased CO

Decreased HR, decreased SV, and decreased CO

Predict what would happen to heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) with increased sympathetic input. Decreased HR, decreased SV, and decreased CO Increased HR, decreased SV, and increased CO Increased HR, increased SV, and increased CO

Increased HR, increased SV, and increased CO

Match each situation to its effect on heart rate. Increased heart rate Decreased heart rate

Selected Answer: A. Increased sympathetic stimulation B. Increased parasympathetic stimulation.

Match each term to its correct definition. Each answer is only used once. Cardiac Output (CO) Heart Rate (HR)

Selected Answer: A. The volume of blood ejected from the heart each minute B. The number of times the heart beats per minute

Arteriosclerosis will alter which of the following factors, thus increasing blood pressure? Answers: Vessel length Vessel diameter Viscosity

Selected Answer: Vessel diameter

Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure? Answers: emotional state blood volume cardiac output peripheral resistance

Selected Answer: emotional state

Blood pressure ________. Answers: increases with increasing length of the blood vessel increases as blood viscosity increases is not a major factor in healthy individuals increases as blood vessel diameter increases

Selected Answer: increase as blood viscosity increases

Which layer of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure via vasoconstriction and vasodilation? Answer: tunica media endothelium tunica externa basement membrane

Selected Answer: tunica media

Which statement best describes arteries? Answers: All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. All carry blood away from the heart. All carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.

Selected Answer: All carry blood away from the heart.

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise? Answers: Blood will be diverted to the digestive organs. Blood flow to the kidneys increases. The skin will be cold and clammy. Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

Selected Answer: Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

Predict what would happen to heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) with increased parasympathetic input. Answers: Decreased HR, decreased SV, and increased CO Decreased HR, increased SV, and no change to CO Decreased HR, decreased SV, and decreased CO

Selected Answer: Decreased HR, decreased SV, and decreased CO

Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure. Answers: Excess protein production would decrease blood pressure. An increase in cardiac output corresponds to a decrease in blood pressure, due to the increased delivery. Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase. Systemic vasodilation would increase blood pressure, due to diversion of blood to essential areas.

Selected Answer: Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.

How would increasing stroke volume (SV) alter cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure (BP)? Answers: Increased CO and increased BP Decreased CO and increased BP Increased CO and decreased BP

Selected Answer: Increased CO and increased BP

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________. Answers: a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate

Selected Answer: a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

Correct Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________. Answers: capillaries veins arterioles arteries

Selected Answer: capillaries

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of ___________ in one minute. Answers: the heart each ventricle the left ventricle only each atria

Selected Answer: each ventricle

Arteriole blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following? Answers: all of these increasing heart rate increasing stroke volume falling blood volume rising blood volume

Selected Answer: falling blood volume

Correct In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________. Answers: and osmotic pressure are the same is completely canceled out by osmotic pressure generally forces fluid from the tissues into the capillaries generally forces fluid and nutrients from the capillaries into tissues

Selected Answer: generally forces fluid and nutrients from the capillaries into tissues

the most muscular chamber of the heart is the ________. Answers: left atrium left ventricle right atrium right ventricle

Selected Answer: left ventricle

Exchange of materials (such as oxygen) between the blood and tissue cells takes place in: Answers: arterioles. venules. true capillaries. shunts.

Selected Answer: true capillaries.

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels? They distribute blood to various parts of the body. Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells. The contraction and relaxation (vasoconstriction and vasodilation) of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter. They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue.

The contraction and relaxation (vasoconstriction and vasodilation) of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.

What special adaptation in veins prevents the backflow of blood as it travels toward the heart? Muscular pump Respiratory pump Thin walls Venous one-way valves

Venous one-way valves

Blood flow to the skin ________. is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells increases when environmental temperature rises increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze is controlled mainly by decreasing pH

increases when environmental temperature rises

Sympathetic stimulation to the heart would alter heart rate, thus __________ cardiac output. decreasing increasing not changing

increasing

The maximum pressure reached in the arteries is called: pulse pressure (PP). systolic pressure (SP). diastolic pressure (DP). mean arterial pressure (MAP).

systolic pressure (SP).

Cardiac output equals heart rate times stoke volume. t/f

true