Unit 2
The science root word "photo" means _________
Light
Which answer choice is NOT a part of the abiotic (nonliving) reservoir
Snails
Using the 10% rule when studying trophic pyramids, if the autotrophs produce 100 Joules of energy, how much energy is passed on to the herbivores
10 Joules
Using the 10% rule when studying trophic pyramids, if the producers produce 1000 Joules of energy, 100 Joules will be passed on to the herbivore. How much energy is passed on to the secondary consumers
10 Joules
If the secondary consumer level of a trophic pyramid has 1000 kcal of energy, how much energy is required by the primary consumers (herbivores), to support this pyramid
10,000 kcal
Using the 10% rule when studying trophic pyramids, if the primary consumers obtain 100 Joules of energy, how much energy do the herbivores have
100 Joules
If the secondary consumer level of a trophic pyramid has 1000 kcal of energy, how much energy as required by the producer to support this pyramid
100,000 kcal
Using the 10% rule when studying trophic pyramids, if the primary consumers obtain 100 Joules of energy from the autotrophs, how much energy is then passed onto the carnivores
10 Joule
In a food chain, the flow of energy and matter are depicted with an __________
Arrow pointed toward the energy flow
Where can decomposers fit in the food dhaij
At any point
Wolves from the same pack are all feeding on the same deer. What type of species competition is thus
Intraspecific
What does biotic mean
Living
Plants are primary producers. Which term also refers to plants
Producer
Using the 10% rule when studying trophic pyramids, if the producers to produce 10,000 Joules of energy, how much energy is passed on to the primary consumers
1000 Joules
The 10% Rule states that only 10% of the available energy is pass on to the next trophic level. If the producers have 10,000 kcal of energy available, how much is passed on to the herbivores
1000 kcal
The end community that develops at the end of a secondary succession is known as ______
A climax community
What starts the ecological succession process
A disturbance
A group of organisms that are all of the same species living in the same areas interacting with each other is called _____
A population
A complete living thing, for example a rabbit or an oak tree, is _______
An organism
In a food web, an organism that obtain its energy directly from the sun is called a(n) _______
Autotroph
In this picture, the green plants represent which trophic level
Autotroph
Which organism in a food web is the same as primary producer
Autotroph
Plants are the base of nearly every food chain. Which term describes plants
Autotrophs
This trophic level is the base for the entire food web
Autotrophs
The total amount of matter of all of the organisms in an ecosystem is referred to as: _________
Biomass
Which term means "the part of the planet where life exists"
Biosphere
Generalist species have a niche that is very ________
Broad
The process of photosynthesis utilizes and converts into _____ energy
Chemical
The final phase of an ecosystem after completing repair from a disturbance is referred to as a _________ community
Climax
A remora fish follows a shark around to get scraps of food left over after the shark feeds. The shark is neither harmed nor helped by this relationship. This is an example of _______
Commensalism
This symbolic relationship occurs when one species benefits and the other species is neither helped nor harmed
Commensalism
Humans and sharks are both hunting for the same type of food. What type of symbolic relationship is this
Competition
As habitat becomes more and more fragmented, recourse availability decreases. With this decrease in resource availability, what happens to competition among species
Competition increases
What happens to interspecific and intraspecific competition as habitats decline
Competition increases
Which environmental principle states that when two species occupy the same niche, one species will out-compete the other and ultimately one species will be excluded
Competitive Exclusion Principle
Which organism in a food web is the same as the heterotroph
Consumer
When the climax community has been distributed, the process of repair that begins is known as _______
Ecological succession
Which term means, "changes over time"
Ecological succession
Atom transfer from the nonliving portions of our environment to the living parts of our environment through the ________
Food chain
Chopping an existing environment into smaller and smaller pieces is termed _________
Fragmentation
In nature, organisms rarely fulfill their ________ niche
Fundamental
Which of these is reactant (an ingredient) in cellular respiration
Glucose (sugar)
Which biome has lost 95-99% of its natural habitat due to farming and ranching
Grasslands
In an ecosystem, organisms use up chemical energy and most of the energy is then lost to the environment as _____
Heat
The pathway of energy through ecosystems is light > chemical > mechanical > _______
Heat
The primary consumers of an ecosystem or also known as: ________
Herbivores
In a food web, a bird eats both berries and insects. The bird is considered a(n) ________
Heterotroph
In this environment, the fish represent which type of organism
Heterotroph
What does the introduction of an invasive species do to the competition within an ecosystem
Increases
Which type of competition occurs between members of different species
Interspecific
Which type of competition happens between two organisms of the same species
Intraspecific
Which type of species competition is shown here
Intraspecific
Which type of specific competition do these fighting birds display
Intraspecific
The 10% rule of ecosystems says that only 10% of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level. What happens to the rest of the energy
It gets released into the environment as heat
Which organism is considered to be the most important organism in an ecosystem
Keystone species
Which type of energy is considered to be the energy of "motion"
Kinetic
"Matter cannot be created nor destroyed" forms the basis of which of these laws
Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. This is known as the _________
Law of Conservation of Matter
This is the type of energy that is released from the sun
Light
Earths crust is referred to as the _____
Lithosphere
Why are there few, if any, trees in grassland biomes
Low amounts of precipitation
Law of Conservation of Matter states that _____
Matter cannot be created or destroyed
Who is the secondary consumer in this food chaij
Mouse
The Clownfish and Sea Anemone protect each other from harm. What type of relationship do they havw
Mutualism
This type of species interaction occurs when both species are neither harmed or helped
Neutralism
Decomposers make ________ available
Nutrients
Plants are autotrophs. This means that they are organisms that get their energy by _______
Photosynthesizing
Small grasses are usually the first plants to appear in an area after a disturbance. These grasses are an example of which type of species
Pioneer species
These work together to attach to rock to chemically change rock to bits of soil
Pioneer species
What two abiotic factors have the most influence in determining which biome occurs where
Precipitation and temperature
Several factors determine the distribution of biomes on the planet. Which two are considered the major determining factors
Precipitation and temperatures
A volcanic eruption destroys an ecosystem and only leaves hard lava rock behind. What type of succession will take place first
Primary
After a landslide, only bare rock is left. What type of succession is this
Primary
In this type of succession, weathering in erosion needs to break down the rock into unstable soil
Primary
Lichens breaking down rock into unstable soil occurs in which type of succession
Primary
This is the type of succession that occurs when all of the unstable soil has been destroyed in an ecosystem
Primary
This is the type of succession that occurs when the soil has been removed by significant event and has to be rebuilt
Primary
Cow eats grass. What is the trophic level of the cow
Primary consumer
In a food chain, which refers to an organism that eats only plants
Primary consumer
In a food chain, which of the following is an organism that makes its own food using energy from the Sun
Primary producer
Phytoplankton get their energy from the sun and produce about 50% of all of the atmospheric oxygen worldwide through photosynthesis. They are also known as _____
Producers
Which of the following organisms is considered to be a generalist
Raccoon
An old plowed farmers field begins to recover after being abandoned. This is an example of which type of succession
Secondary
Plowing a field starts with which type of succession
Secondary
Primary succession eventually gives away to _______ succession
Secondary
Which type of succession is sometimes referred to as "old field succession"
Secondary
Which type of succession occurs when there is a drought in an ecosystem
Secondary
In a food chain, which refers to an organism that eats both plants and animals
Secondary consumer
Which organisms in a food web feed on the primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Which organism has a narrow niche in an ecosystem
Specialist
What term means "to come after"
Succeed
The term for one and disturbance causes changes over time (in phases) is _______
Succession
Which of the following is considered to be a product (something that is produced) of photosynthesis
Sugar (glucose)
What is the source of energy for the producer in this food chain
Sunlight
In a food chain, which of the following is an organism that only eats other animals
Tertiary consumer
What is the major factor that distinguishes primary succession from secondary succession
The absence of soil
This ultimate source of energy for nearly all ecosystems on Earth is ______
The sun
The fish in the blue food chain is a tertiary consumer. What is another term for "tertiary consumer"
Third level consumer
Feeding levels within an ecosystem are called ______
Trophic levels
Which biome has the most precipitation
Tropical rainforest