Unit 2: Airplane Instruments, Engines, and Systems
Which altimeter(s) indicate(s) more than 10,000 ft
1 and 2 only (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
Excessively high engine temperatures will...
Cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage
What is pressure altitude
The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92 inHg in the kollsman window (the inHg changes because it is the pressure can change)
For internal cooling, air cooled engines are especially dependent on
The circulation of lubricating oil
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere
The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring
Detonation may occur at high-power settings when
The fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progessively and evenly
What change occurs in the fuel/air mixture when carburetor heat is applied
The fuel/air mixture becomes richer
While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MDL is made without readjusting the mixture
The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean
What type of fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available
The next higher octane aviation gas
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by
The oil level being too low
What is density altitude
The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature
Which marking identifies the never-exceed speed
The red radial line (The red radial line represents (Vne). Operating an aircraft beyone Vne may result in severe structural damage)
How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller
The throttle controls power output as registered on the maniforld pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM
Detonation occurs in reciprocating aircraft engine when
The unburned charge in cylinders explodes instead of burning normally
What is absolute altitude
The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface (AGL)
Which color identifies the normal flap operating range
The white arc (the power-off stall speed with flaps extended is at the lower limit of the arc and the maximum is at the upper limit)
If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with...
Too much power and with the mixture set too lean
Altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates...
True altitude at field elevation
Which would most likely cause the cylinder hear temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to eceed their normal operating ranges
Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating
If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be...
Decrease of RPM
The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to...
Decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density
If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower thatn specified for the engine, it will most likely cause
Detonation
The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the...
Difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet
What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating
Enrich the fuel mixture
Applying carburetor heat will...
Enrich the fuel/air mixture
An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would
Experience avionics equipment failure
To properly purge water from the fuel system off an aircraft equipped with fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the
Fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps
The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as..
High as 70 degrees F and the relative himidity is high
If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate
Higher than the actual altitude above sea level (High to low look out below)
To keep a battery charged, the alternator voltage output should be
Higher than the battery voltage
During preflight in cold weather, crankcase breather lines should receive special attention because they are susceptible to being clogged by
Ice from crankcase vapors that have condensed and subsequently frozen
If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate...
Lower than the actual altitude above sea leve (Low to high clear the sky)
If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to
Lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed
Altimeter 2 indicates...
1,500 ft (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
Altimeter 1 indicates
10,500 ft (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
What tis the maximum flaps-extended speed
100 kts (The maximum flaps-extended speed is indicated by the upper limit of the white arc. This is the highest airspeed at which a pilot should extend flaps)
Altimeter 2 indicates
14,500 (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
What is the maximum structural cruising speed
165 kts (The maximum structural cruising speed is the maximum speed for normal operation and is indicated as the upper limit of the green arc on an airspeed indicator)
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the west if...
A right turn is entered from a north heading
The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air is...
206 kts (The maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air is indicated by the red radial line. The airspeeed indicator in Fig 4 indicates the red line is at 208 kts)
Which altimeter(s) indicate(s) more than 9,000 ft...
3 only (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
Altimeter 1 indicates...
500 ft (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
What is the full flap operating range for the airplane
55 to 100 kts (the full flap operating range is indicated by the white arc on the airspeed indicator. the Airspeed indicator in Fig 4 indicates the full flap operating range from 55 to 100 kts)
Id it is necessary to set the altimeter form 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs
700 foot increase in indicated altitude (The altimeter-indicated altitude moves in the same direction as the altimeter setting and changes about 1,000 ft for every change of 1 inHg in the altimeter setting)
Altimeter 3 indicates
9,500 (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
Altimeter 3 indicates
9,500 ft (The altimeter has three needles. The short needle indicates 10,000 ft intervals, the middle-length needle indicates 1,000 ft intervals, and the long needle indicates 100 ft intervals)
The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting
A decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn initially toward the east if...
A left turn is entered from a north heading
If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 to 29.96, what is the approximate change in indication
ALtimeter will indicate 150 feet lower (Atmospheric pressure decreases approximately 1 in of Hg for every 1,000ft of altitude gained. 30.11 to 29.96 is a decrease of .15 in Hg (.15 x 1,000=150 ft) lower)
What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine
Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine guages
Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude
Air temperature warmer than standard (Said another way, the altimeter will indicate a lower altitude than actually flown)
The pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument
Airspeed indicator
Which instrument will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged
Airspeed indicator
Which instrument(s) will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged
Airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if...
An aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading (In the NOrthern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the north if an airplane is accelerated while on an east or west heading)
One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for...
Improved engine performance
Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value
At standard temperature (standard temp is 59 degrees F which is 15 degrees C)
A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to...
Avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM
Should it become necessary to hand prop an airplane engine, it is extremely important that a competent pilot
Be at the controls in the cockpit
How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from an attitude indicator such as the one illustrated
By the relationship of the miniature airplane (c) to the deflected horizon bar
Deviation error of the magnetic compass is caused by ...
Certain metals and electrical systems within the aircraft (The compass in an airplane will align with any magnetic field. Since deviation error varies by heading, a compass correction card is fitted, providing the pilot with the deviation for a given heading)
During the run-up at a high-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action
Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture
In the Northern Hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate...
Correctly when on a north or south heading (Acceleration and deceleration errors on a magnetic compass do not occur when on a north or south heading in the Northern Hemisphere. They occur on east and west headings)
Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to...
Decrease engine performance
Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude
In colder than standard air temperature (The altimeter readings are adjusted for changes in barometric pressure but not for changes in temperature. When one flies from warmer to colder air and keeps a constant indicated altitude at a constant altimeter setting, the plane has actually descended)
On aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used
In the event engine-riven fuel pump fails
Which of the following is a true statement concerning electrical systems
Lights and radios use the electrical system for power
If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be
Loss of RPM
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration
Lower limit of the green arc(the lower green arc indicates the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration. "Specified configuration" refers to flaps up and lading gear retracted)
Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration
Lower limit of the white arc
Deviation in a magnetic compass is caused by the...
Magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force
If the ignition switch ground wire becomes disconnected, the magneto...
May continue to fire
With regard to carburetor ice, float-type carburetor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems are generally considered to be...
More susceptible to icing
What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent
Never-exceed speed
An aircraft which is equipped with an Electronic Flight Display (EFD) can...
Offer new capabilities and simlify the basic flyng task
During flight, when are the indications of a magnetic compass accurate
Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight (During acceleration, deceleration, or turns, the compass card will dip and cause false readings)
To receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be...
Periodically realigned with a magnetic compass as the gyro precesses (Due to gyroscopic precession, directional gyros must be periodically realigned with a magnetic compass. Friction is the major cause of its drifting from the correct heading)
What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller
Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient performance
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air change in advance of normal spark ignition is known as
Pre-ignition
How do variations in temperature affect the altimeter
Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude (Your altimeter will indicate a lower than true altitude. Low to high clear the sky)
Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will
Prevent moisture condenstion by eliminating airspace in tanks
After practicing unusual attitudes, you notice the heading indicator is off by 110 degrees. The heading indicator can be reset by...
Pushing the cage knob
What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb
Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed
What steps must be taken when flying with glass cockpits to ensure safe flight
Regularly scan both inside and outside, use all appropriate checklists, and cross-check with other forms of information
A positive indication on an ammeter
Shows the rate of charge on the battery
What is a benefit of flying with a glass cockpit
Situational awarness is increased
Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing
Temperature between 20 degrees F and 70 degrees F adn high humidity
In the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when...
The aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading
If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected
The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator
Fuel/air mixture ratio is the ratio between the
Weight of the fuel and weight of air entering the cylinder
Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude
When at sea level under standard conditions
Under what condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude
When standard atmospheric conditions exist (when 29.92 inHg and 15 degrees C at sea level)
Excessively high engine temperatures, either in the air or on the ground, will
cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage
The proper adjustment to make on the attitude indicator during level flight is to align the...
miniature airplane to the horizon bar
A turn coordinator provides an indication of the...
movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axes (the turn coodinator indicates the rate of turn)
What is the caution range of the airplane
165 to 208 kts (The caution range is indicated by the yellow arc on the airspeed indicator. Operation within this range is safe only in smooth air. The airspeed indicator in Fig 4 indicates the caution range is from 165 to 208 kts)
What is an important limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators
Maneuvering speed (It is the maximum speed at which full deflection of the airplane controls can be made without incurring structural damage. Maneuvering speed or less should be held in turbulent air to prevent structural damage due to excessive loads)
What is true altitude
The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level (MSL)