Unit 2 Chapter 3
One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.
synaptogenesis LATERALIZATION Wernicke's area brain organization
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
HOMESTASIS resting potential synergy reuptake
Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?
He was born with an extra area of the cortex. He suffered serious symptoms as a result of having polio. He had encephalitis as a child. HE HAD SEVERE SIEZURES.
The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL intracellular fluid resting potential extracellular fluid
Hyperpolarization means that the ________.
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL BECOMES MORE NEGATIVE THAN THE RESTING POTENTIAL sodium gates open potassium gates open membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential
Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
motor cortex; dopamine substantia nigra; acetylcholine motor cortex; acetylcholine SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; DOPAMINE
Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?
positron emission tomography (PET) computerized tomography (CT) scan FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (fMRI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
chromosomes; genes DNA; genes genes; DNA CHROMOSOMES; DNA
Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?
difficulty producing language difficulty comprehending language sensory deficits in the right side of her body MOTOR SKILL DEFICITS IN THE LEFT SIDE OF HER BODY
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
drifting away from the synapse reputake COLLECTION BY SCAVENGER VESICLES LEFT OVER FROM THE NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE break down into inactive fragments
Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a tracer and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?
electroencephalograph (EEG) magnet resonance imaging (MRI) POSTRION EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) computerized tomography (CT) scan
________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.
evolutionary psychology RANGE OF REACTION environmental psychology behavioral genetics
The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.
sympathetic somatic autonomic PARASYMPATHETIC
Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories.
frontal ganglia reward pathway LIMBIC SYSTEM medulla
Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?
heart rate and blood pressure increases adrenaline surges into the bloodstream pupils dilate DIGESTION FUNCTIONS BECOME MORE ACTIVE
Peter had an injury that caused damage to his brain. As a result, he can longer form new memories about people he meets or information he learns. Which part of Peter's brain is most likely damaged?
hypothalmus pons medulla HIPPOCAMPUS
Damage to the occipital lobes may result in difficulty with:
language comprehension SIGHT speech production feeling pain and pressure
Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
memory BREATHING emotion reasoning
People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.
neither visual field only the left visual field ONLY THE RIGHT VISUAL FIELD both visual fields
Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb.
phenotype; Bb phenotype; bb GENOTYPE; bb genotype; Bb
The central nervous system consists of:
sense organs and sensory neurons parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions muscles and glands BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
serotonin; GABA dopamine; acetylcholine DOPAMINE; NOREPINEPHRINE serotonin; glutamate
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
CENTRAL; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems autonomic; somatic nervous systems
Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.
FOLDS; GROOVES fissures; folds cortex; forebrain grooves; folds
Which of the following regions in the brain is involved in the ability to make plans, think creatively, and take initiative?
FRONTAL LOBES occipital lobes parietal lobes temporal lobes
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
Parkinson's disease obsessive-compulsive disorder schizophrenia DEPRESSION
A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.
UNDERGO NO CHANGES IN STRENGTH, SPEED, OR DURATION last twice as long be twice as strong travel twice as fast down the axon
Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?
Wernicke's aphasia NO SENSATION IN HIS LEGS AND FEET blindness a loss of both his sense of taste and his sense of smell
Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.
autonomic SOMATIC sympathetic parasympathetic
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
autonomic SYMPATHETIC somatic parasympathetic
The myelin sheath is made from ________.
axons somas terminal buttons GLIAL CELLS
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.
behavioral genetics genetic mutation EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION survivalism
Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.
behavioral psychologists EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGISTS behavioral geneticists historical psychologists
The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.
dendrites; synaptic vesicles terminal buttons; transport proteins axons; terminal buttons TERMINAL BUTTONS; SYNAPTIC VESICLES
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
vesicle SYNAPSE terminal button soma
Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?
vision taste audition SMELL
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?
BROCA'S AREA Wernicke's area thalamus hippocampus
A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neurons cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
ACTION POTENTIAL hyperpolarization threshold of excitation depolarization
The _______________ is described by some people as the brain's "fear center."
AMYGDALA cerebellum hypothalamus hippocampus
Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?
ANDROGENS dopamine estrogens endorphins
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
BETA-ENDOROHIN acetylcholine norepinephrine GABA
Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?
Broca's area HYPOTHALAMUS thalamus substantia nigra
Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?
GROAN AND MOVE HER EYES feel someone touching her hand hear someone talking to her speak in simple words
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
INCREASE stay the same decrease increase only if potassium levels remain the same
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gages accident, which led to brain injury?
INJURY TO THE BRAIN CAUSES CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR, AND SPECIFIC BRAIN AREA ARE LINKED TO PARTICULAR BEHAVIORS. Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors. Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses.
