Unit 2 exam

Which sections of "Everyday Survival" convey the author's attitude by citing real-life experiences and expert findings and research? (Select all that apply.)

2. Control Your Destiny 11. Know Plan B 5. Think Positive

Read the excerpt from "Everyday Survival." Be careful who you go into the backcountry with. Some people just have it stamped on their foreheads: "I am going to die in a wilderness accident." But to recognize this stamp, you must pay attention to some very subtle signals. Researchers such as Elaine Hatfield at the University of Hawaii and Paul Ekman at the National Institutes of Health have studied nonverbal communication since the 1960s and concluded that it conveys essential information, which we ignore at our peril. It can be anything from a gesture to a slight change in facial expression. Most people will respond to such signals by feeling either comfortable or ill at ease with someone for no known reason. In a culture like ours, which puts more emphasis on logic and reason, nonverbal signs are easy to dismiss. Which information in the excerpt could be seen as irrelevant?

"Be careful who you go into the backcountry with" is irrelevant to the rest of the paragraph, which is about detecting nonverbal signs.

Read the paragraph. 1) Thurgood Marshall was born in Baltimore in 1908. 2) Thurgood Marshall died in 1993, but his achievements in the world of law live on. 3) Throughout his life, he served as a lawyer on many landmark civil rights cases. 4) His career culminated when he became the first African American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice. What is the best order for the sentences in this paragraph?

1, 3, 4, 2

Read the excerpt from "Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections." Shared laughter is just one example of our primate sensitivity to others. Instead of being Robinson Crusoes sitting on separate islands, we're all interconnected, both bodily and emotionally. Which option correctly identifies the way figurative language is used in the excerpt?

An allusion is used to create a contrast that emphasizes the idea of being interconnected.

Read the excerpt from "Everyday Survival." And yet almost any organized action can help you recover the ability to think clearly and aid in your survival. For example, Pvt. Giles McCoy was aboard the U.S.S. Indianapolis when it was torpedoed and sank at the end of World War II, tossing some 900 men into the black of night and the shark-infested Pacific. McCoy, a young Marine, was sucked under the boat and nearly drowned. He surfaced into a two-inch-thick slick of fuel oil, which soaked his life vest and kept him from swimming—although he could see a life raft, he couldn't reach it. So he tore off his vest and swam underwater, surfacing now and then, gasping, swallowing oil, and vomiting. After getting hoisted onto the raft, he saw a group of miserable young sailors covered in oil and retching. One was "so badly burned that the skin was stripped from his arms," Doug Stanton writes in his gripping account of the event, In Harm's Way. McCoy's response to this horrific situation was telling. "He resolved to take action: He would clean his pistol." Irrelevant as that task may sound, it was exactly the right thing to do: organized, directed action. He made each one of the sailors hold a piece of the pistol as he disassembled it. This began the process of letting him think clearly. Forcing your brain to think sequentially—in times of crisis and in day-to-day life—can quiet dangerous emotions. What kinds of evidence are used in the excerpt, and how does this evidence support the excerpt's point? (Select all that apply.)

An example demonstrates a detailed account of how one individual survived a horrific situation by committing to organized action. A quotation from an expert establishes a credible source for the story of one individual surviving a horrific situation by committing to organized action.

Which excerpt from "Everyday Survival" uses hyperbole for effect?

Be careful who you go into the backcountry with. Some people just have it stamped on their foreheads: "I am going to die in a wilderness accident."

Read the excerpt from the Be Cool section of "Everyday Survival." Examine the way you handle yourself under pressure: Do you blow up when you're stuck in traffic or when someone cuts you off? Are you able to accept failure philosophically and move on with resolve to do better next time? If you're rejected—in love, in business, in sports—do you stew over it? Practice being calm in the face of small emergencies and you'll be more prepared to deal with large ones. Which options correctly describe how the author uses rhetoric in the excerpt to influence the audience? (Select all that apply.)

By using the commands "Examine" and "Practice," the author makes himself sound like an authority. By providing realistic, everyday examples, the author helps his readers see the relevance of his topic. By addressing the reader using the pronoun "you," the author creates an inclusive tone that helps the audience feel more closely connected to the text. partial

Read the Deny Denial section of "Everyday Survival." How is the word denial used in this section of the text?

It is used to convey why individuals want things to improve even though their actions are exactly the opposite of what they should be doing in a bad situation. wrong

Which sentence from "Everyday Survival" uses figurative language? Everyday Survival

Rather, we should balance confidence with reasonable doubt, self-esteem with self-criticism. wrong

Read the excerpt from "Everyday Survival." This bears repeating: Survival is not about equipment and training alone. It's about what's in your mind and your emotional system. Living in a low-risk environment dulls our abilities. We must make a conscious effort to learn new things, to force ourselves out of our comfort zones. How does the author's tone in the excerpt enhance the rhetorical effect of the text?

The authoritative tone calls attention to the importance of breaking out of old patterns, reminding readers to constantly strive for growth.

Read the title of Section 14 in "Everyday Survival." Surrender, but Don't Give Up Which option best explains the meaning of the contradiction in this title?

Realize your limitations.

Which excerpt from "Everyday Survival" best shows how the author tries to build credibility?

Researchers such as Elaine Hatfield at the University of Hawaii and Paul Ekman at the National Institutes of Health have studied nonverbal communication since the 1960s and concluded that it conveys essential information, which we ignore at our peril.

A writer should avoid relying heavily on one source in an informational text because [blank] . Which option best completes the sentence?

he writer should synthesize information from various sources in order to convey original ideas

Read the sentences. In "Everyday Survival," the author presents a key word or phrase that readers must know so they can better understand the part that deals with mental mapping of surroundings. This word or phrase is [blank] . Which option best completes the second sentence?

hippocampi

At the beginning of "Everyday Survival," the author defines survival as having equipment that enables a person to perform actions to stay alive. How does the author refine the meaning of survival throughout the text?

The author begins the article with an ambiguous definition of survival and then describes the many different definitions of the word and why they are different. wrong

Examine the article "Everyday Survival," in which the author structures his points as numbered paragraphs with unique headings. How does the structure of the text reveal the author's purpose?

The author organizes his article sequentially to explain survival steps in their proper order and remind readers of the importance of detailed planning. wrong

Read the excerpt from "Everyday Survival." After years of combat experience, he explained the concept of survival by surrender: "Don't be afraid of anything," he said during a recent radio broadcast. "If you are afraid, then you have to lock yourself inside your house. But if you want to keep on living, then you must forget about your fears and deal with death as something that is a must, something that's going to happen anyway. Even if you don't die this way, you can die normally, naturally.... Whatever [you] do, [you're] not going to change this." How do the words the author uses in the excerpt contribute to the persuasiveness of the text?

The author provides a quotation to convey the idea that death is going to happen anyway, so people should not fear the inevitable.

Read the excerpt from the Risk and Reward section of "Everyday Survival," in which the author uses a personal example to support the main idea of the section. The more you sacrifice to reach a goal—and the more you invest in it—the harder it becomes to change direction, even in the face of overwhelming evidence that you should alter your course. Recently I decided to clean the leaves out of the gutters on my house. I put up a big aluminum extension ladder that is a real pain to move. I was up there, 20 feet in the air, reaching to clean as far as I could without moving the ladder. And I looked down and thought, Is this worth a broken neck? Or should I just go down and move the ladder? Which options show how this personal example is used to influence the audience?

The author relates his own experience to show he is human, just like his audience. The author relates his own experience to give credibility and add authenticity to his own writing. The author gives a detailed description of his own experience to appeal to emotions of fear and uncertainty. all wrong

In which sentence is the word dearth used correctly?

There was a dearth of reliable information online, so she completed her research at the library.

Read the sentence. Tulips come in a wide variety of colors there are over 100 species of this flower. Which option shows a correct way to revise this sentence?

Tulips—come in a wide variety of colors—there are over 100 species of this flower. Set off the words "come in a wide variety of colors" with dashes. wrong

Which excerpt from "Everyday Survival" contains the stylistic choice to write a sequence of simple sentences?

When a storm blew in during the middle of their climb, they could have made an easy rappel to the bottom. Instead, following the only plan they had, they continued toward the top, where they died of exposure. Similar failures occur in all areas of life. wrong

Read the Risk and Reward section of "Everyday Survival," and then read the statement. The power of this section of the text is revealed by the author's use of [blank] . Which options best complete the statement? (Select all that apply.)

a personal story to convey his key points about reward versus risk questions to help explain his attitude about reward versus risk

You want to give your friend an example that helps explain the meaning of the word procrastinate. Which action is an example of procrastinating?

doing your homework after a long delay

Read the sentence. The _[blank]_ author wanted to speak at the lecture series, _[blank]_ she had a book tour. Which option shows the best responses to make this sentence correct?

eminent, except

Read the excerpt from "Everyday Survival." Although I still believe that equipment and training are good to have, most survival writing leaves out the essential human element in the equation. That's why I've concentrated my efforts on learning about the hearts and minds of survivors. Which options show connotative phrases from the excerpt? (Select all that apply.)

essential human element hearts and minds

Read the excerpt from the Be Cool section of "Everyday Survival." In the past few decades, technologies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed researchers such as Bruce McEwen at Rockefeller University to demonstrate that stress changes the shape and chemistry of the brain, resulting in trouble remembering, difficulty completing tasks, and altered behavior. In effect, losing your cool makes you stupid. What option best explains the meaning of the word stupid as it is used in the excerpt?

ignorant wrong

In Section 4 of "Everyday Survival," which word is most important for understanding the author's use of the phrases "Man of action" and "Trust the process"?

mantra

Which word shares a root with the word metamorphose?

metabolism; metamorphose and metabolism share the root meta-, which means "change"

Read the excerpt from "Everyday Survival," in which the author relates a story told by a retired Los Angeles police officer. Denial, which psychologists call the "incredulity response," is almost universal, even among individuals with excellent training. David Klinger, a retired Los Angeles police officer, describes in his book Into the Kill Zone that while moonlighting as a bank guard he saw "three masked figures with assault rifles run through the foyer of the bank." His first thought was that the local SWAT team was practicing. His second was that they were dressed up for Halloween. How does the author use this story as a rhetorical strategy to support his perspective? (Select all that apply.)

to show his readers that denial is such a common human response that it even occurs in experienced emergency personnel to demonstrate his own expertise in having done extensive research into the concept of denial

Read the excerpt from "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic." At the same time, today's teens are maturing in an era of ubiquitous electronic media, and they are fervent participants. ... Teens have access to multiple electronic devices they use simultaneously, often at night. ... In addition, some 64 percent use electronic music devices, 60 percent use laptops and 23 percent play video games in the hour before they went to sleep, the poll found. Which context clue from the excerpt best indicates the meaning of the word ubiquitous?

today's wrong