Unit 2 FSQ 1, 3, 4

In early versions of the periodic table, elements were arranged based upon atomic mass. The elements on the periodic table are now arranged in order of what property?

atomic number

(CHART) Which element would have chemical properties most similar to those of phosphorus (atomic #15) and why?

nitrogen, because nitrogen is located right above phosphorus in the periodic table

Sam finds a gold colored rock on a hike. He researches to find the density of gold is 19.3 grams per cubic cm.(g/cm^3) Sam uses a graduated cylinder and water displacement to find the volume of the rock to be 3.5 cm^3. If the rock is gold, what would be the approximate mass in grams? D=M/V

68 grams

The table gives a brief history of modern atomic theory. (CHART) Based on the data in the table, which explanation is true?

Additional scientific knowledge contributes to the theory by providing more concise and predictive explanations

The element at the top of the far right column of the periodic table is helium. Which statement is correct about the other elements found in this column?

All the other elements in this column have chemical properties similar to those of helium

(CHART) Based on the periodic table of elements, which of the following sets of elements have similar properties?

Cl, Br, I

Copper, aluminum, and zinc are three examples of metals. Which physical property do they most likely have in common?

High conductivity

An astronaut leaves Earth's surface and begins orbiting Earth. How will his mass and weight change?

His mass will remain constant; his weight will decrease

When would it be appropriate to use a model instead of a controlled experiment?

If the object of study is too large or small for direct experimentation

Which statement correctly describes the structure of an atom?

It has a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around the nucleus

The diagram shows how our understanding of the structure of the atom has changed over time. (CHART) Based on these models, which statement correctly describes what has happened to the theory of atomic structure over time?

It has been updated and modified based on the new data collected

Which property differentiates metalloids from metals and nonmetals?

Metalloids can have properties of metals and nonmetals

Audra is looking at the diagram of an atom. Which particle(s) does she see inside the nucleus?

Protons and neutrons

A class of students performed a series of experiments to classify unknown substances. Each group tested four different substances: Unknown A, Unknown B, Unknown C, Unknown D. The students placed identical quantities of each substance in identical containers and labeled them accordingly. The groups added heat to each substance to determine the temperature at which the substances changed state. (CHART) Which one of the following is the best method to improve the experiment?

The group should test additional temperature intervals to determine the exact point of phase change in Unknown C and Unknown D

Consider the work of scientists investigating a popularly held theory. As scientists continue to investigate this particular theory, they begin to find evidence that contradicts one of the main ideas proposed by this theory. Although many previous researchers have supported the theory, the latest research definitively indicates one area of the theory is completely wrong. Which proposal is most appropriate?

The researchers should propose modifications to the existing theory that take into account their new discoveries

If a sample of gold were reduced to the smallest possible particle of pure gold, which statement would most accurately describe the result?

The sample would be reduced to atoms of gold

Two objects have the same mass, but one object occupies a smaller volume than the other. Which statement about the objects must be true?

The two objects have different densities

On the periodic table, there is a staircase that divides the table. It is located toward the right side of the table and touches the elements boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, polonium, and astatine. (CHART) What can be concluded about the properties of the elements that border this staircase on the periodic table?

These elements have properties of both metals and nonmetals

Ian needs to separate a liquid mixture of alcohol and water. Which physical property will best help Ian separate the mixture?

boiling point

A carpenter uses a saw to cut a wooden board into two different sized pieces. Which of the following physical properties is most likely to be the same for both pieces of wood?

density