unit 2 nutrition review

someone who has _____ credentials after his or her name is most likely a reliable source of food and nutrition information. a. RDN B. MD C. LED D. PE

A (RDN)

In the United States, which agency investigates complaints about false or misleading health-related claims that appear in food advertisements? a. Environmental Protection Agency b. Organization for Honesty in Advertising c. Federal Trade Commission d. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

c. Federal Trade Commission

Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the ________. a. Environmental Protection Agency b. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics c. Food and Drug Administration d. Better Business Bureau

c. Food and Drug Administration

a person claiming to be a doctor recommends coffee enemas as the treatment for cancer of the large intestine. this recommendation is an example of___? a. professional bias b. controlled experimentation c. the placebo effect d. quackery

d (quackery )

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are ________. a. supplements b. treatments c. antidotes d. placebos

d. placebos

A (An) _____ is a fake treatment that may be used in nutrition-related studies that have human subjects. a. anecdote b. placebo c. control d. double blind

b (placebo)

Which of the following statements is true? a. According to scientific research, anecdotes that describe how nutrients benefit health are reliable sources of information. b. A person who uses a drink that contains vinegar as a cure for patients with lung cancer is practicing quackery. c. A disclaimer on a product's label provides proof that the product is likely to live up to the manufacturer's claims. d. In the United States, people can include "RDN" after their name, even if they aren't qualified to use the credential.

b. A person who uses a drink that contains vinegar as a cure for patients with lung cancer is practicing quackery.

Mitch recently tried a hair-restoring product that he purchased from an Internet website. The package's label displayed the following claim: "Rubbing a tablespoon of 'NutraTerraMino' on your scalp each day will cure the hair loss associated with the aging process." After a month of using "NutraTerraMino" daily, he stopped because the product made his hair fall out. Based on this information, Mitch should file a complaint with the ________. a. Department of Public Safety b. Bureau of Health Fraud c. Federal Trade Commission d. Environmental Protection Agency

c. Federal Trade Commission

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing an herbal product for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a (an) ________. a. peer review b. anecdote c. testimonial d. placebo effect

c. testimonial

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? a. www.cdc.gov b. www.mayoclinic.org c. www.iastate.edu d. www.shedthatunwantedfatfast.com

d. www.shedthatunwantedfatfast.com

the first step of the scientific method usually involves a. making observations b. developing a question. c. identifying relationships between personal characteristics d. gathering data

making observations

Which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutrition information? a. A site that sells dietary supplements (*.com) b. The site of a nationally recognized, nonprofit health association (*.org) c. A U.S. government agency's site (*.gov) d. The site of an accredited college or university (*.edu

a (A site that sells dietary supplements (*.com))

the control group. Although the scientist knows each person's group assignment, the subjects are not aware of their group placement. This is an example of a(an) ____ A. double-blind study. B. uncontrolled study. C. biased study D. single-blind study.

D. (SINGLE-blind study)

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take the vitamin C pills, because he claims the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His information about the usefulness of the vitamin is a (an) ________. a. anecdote b. disclaimer c. bias d. motive

a. anecdote

Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a (an) ________. a. scientific conclusion b. anecdote c. peer review d. testimonial

b. anecdote

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. Which of the following credentials indicates that the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information? a. MSRN b. MS c. DMD d. RDN

d. RDN

Articles that appear in the Journal of the American Medical Associationare reliable sources of health information because the editors ________. a. have other scientists review and react to the content of articles before publishing them b. are trained to recognize and reject articles that include questionable findings c. only publish articles written by scientists whose research is funded by various health-related associations d. know the authors have already published articles in other scientific or medical journals

a. have other scientists review and react to the content of articles before publishing them

Which of the following statements is true? a. A person who has a Ph.D. and calls himself or herself a "nutritionist" probably has the same educational training as a registered dietitian nutritionist. b. Quackery is the practice of dietetics without proper training and credentials. c. In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of nutrition information. d. In general, people who are certified wholistic nutritionalists have the same credentials as registered dietitian nutritionists

c. In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of nutrition information.

Which of the following statements is true? a. Scientists have peer reviewers analyze the designs of their human research studies, because the peer-review process reduces research bias. b. Scientists developed dietary recommendations for the United States population after analyzing results of a single American study, the Framingham Heart Study. c. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why studies involving humans often have conflicting results. d. Scientists are unlikely to obtain money to conduct research if they don't consider the opinions and beliefs of the people in agencies who fund such projects.

c. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why studies involving humans often have conflicting results.

A testimonial is a(an): a. form of scientific evidence. b. personal endorsement of a product. c. unbiased report about a product's value. d. scientifically valid claim.

b (personal endorsement of a product.)

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D on the human body. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain vitamin D are ________. a. placebos b. interventions c. distractors d. antidotes

a. placebos

each day, one of your relatives drinks a smoothie made from wheat grass. he claims it helps keep his immune system "energized and balanced".his claimed is an example of _____? A. an anecdote b. a direct observation c. an indirect correlation d. a validated bias

a (an anecdote)

The federal agency that can regulate nutrition claims on food labels is the____ a. FTC. b. FDA c. EPA d. FSIS.

b (FDA)

Which of the following statements is true? a. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right of consumers to be protected from health misinformation. b. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often take advantage of the general public's mistrust of scientists. c. Testimonials for weight loss supplements are usually based on scientific evidence. d. In general, commercial (*.com) Internet websites are reliable sources of scientifically based nutrition information.

b. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often take advantage of the general public's mistrust of scientists.

A popular women's magazine has an article about planning a nutritious diet. Which of the following credentials indicate the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information? a. DNS b. RDN c. HES d. PhD

b. RDN

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the: a. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). c. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). d. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

a (federal trade commission )

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a new protein-containing product on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he's in the experimental group, because he's certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he didn't receive the new source of protein. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he's certain his muscle mass increased while he consumed the product. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ________. a. the placebo effect b. participant fatigue c. human subject bias d. an anecdotal report

a. the placebo effect

An ad for a weight-loss product contains several dishonest and misleading statements. Which of the following statements is a "red flag" statement that's in the ad? a. This product can damage your liver when combined with other drugs, so do not take it with alcohol and/or medications. b. This product is guaranteed to raise your metabolism by 400%, which is why it causes you to lose weight safely and rapidly. c. This product should not be taken during pregnancy, because it can harm your baby. d. This product may raise your blood pressure and increase your risk of a heart attack, so don't take more than the recommended dose.

b. This product is guaranteed to raise your metabolism by 400%, which is why it causes you to lose weight safely and rapidly.

A scientist would like to collect information concerning the health of a large group of older adults. To obtain this information, the scientist conducts a ________. a. double-blind study b. single-blind study c. controlled human experiment d. medical history survey

d. medical history survey

You read an article about vegetables grown in the United States. According to the article's author, Americans need to take dietary supplements because the vegetables lack essential nutrients. This claim is an example of a(an) A. scare tactic B scientific fact C. anecdote D evidence-based report.

A (scare tactic)

Which of the following statements is true? A. In the United States, nutrition scientists often conduct studies on humans before doing animal testing. b. Before scientists begin their research, they usually develop a question to guide their study. c. In a single-blind study, both the researchers and the human subjects don't know their group assignments. d. An experimental study doesn't need to have a control group.

b. Before scientists begin their research, they usually develop a question to guide their study.

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of the mineral zinc on the human body. The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain zinc are ________. a. probiotics b. placebos c. antidotes d. supplements

b. placebos

A person claims his newly invented device treats cancer without surgery, medication, or other forms of conventional medical therapy. However, people who have used the device report that it wasn't helpful, and it may have harmed them. According to this information, the inventor's claims and his device are ________. a. anecdotal evidence b. quackery c. placebos d. testimonials

b. quackery

When conducting nutrition-related experiments on human subjects, ______. a. scientists need to include some degree of bias in their study's design b. researchers need to have a control group c. nutrition scientists shouldn't be aware of testimonial group members d. medical investigators shouldn't give any placebos to their control group members

b. researchers need to have a control group

A 30-minute television infomercial for a "diet drink" made from a tropical berry includes before and after photos of a young woman. In the "before" photo, the woman is unhappy and has too much body fat, but she looks thrilled and very curvy in the "after" photo. The narrator claims the woman lost 25 pounds of "fat" while drinking the beverage daily for 2 months. At the bottom of the woman's after photo, you notice a statement in small print that's difficult to read. When you pause the television, you can read the statement. According to the statement, "Results aren't typical." This statement is an example of a ________. a. placebo b. warning c. disclaimer d. bias

c. disclaimer

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of unreliable food or nutrition information? a. www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/about-cholesterol b.www.eatright.org/informationforprofessionals c.www.amysnutritionorganization.com/curing_cancer d. www.fda.gov/foodlabels

c.www.amysnutritionorganization.com/curing_cancer