Unit 2 test
Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? Question options: 1) A conflict theorist 2) A cyberfeminist 3) A functionalist 4) A symbolic interactionist
A conflict theorist
What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory? Question options: 1) As people age, they think less and less about being married to their spouse, and more about their individuality. 2) As people age, they begin to lose their friends and family and spend their last days mourning their losses. 3) As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society. 4) As people age, they disengage with their friends in order to spend more time with their families.
As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.
Some conflict theorists ascribe to the idea that as time and technology move forward, elderly people are left behind and they lose social standing and power. Which specific theory does this describe? Question options: 1) Exchange theory 2) Continuity theory 3) Modernization theory 4) Age stratification theory
Modernization theory
Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: Question options: 1) A caste system 2) A dictatorship 3) A meritocracy 4) An oligarchy
A caste system
Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping? Question options: 1) A teacher discouraging a female student from entering the military, suggesting nursing school instead. 2) A music store employee encouraging a young woman to study the piano or flute instead of the drums or guitar. 3) Keisha's mom encouraging her to take home economics over shop class so she can please her future husband. 4) A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.
A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.
Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? Question options: 1) Cyberfeminist 2) Functionalist 3) Symbolic Interactionist 4) Conflict
Conflict
When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views? Question options: 1) Cyberfeminism 2) Conflict Theory 3) Structural Functionalism 4) Symbolic Interactionism
Conflict Theory
Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? Question options: 1) Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family. 2) Families tend to be apathetic towards culture whereas young unmarried people reinforce social rituals and ideologies. 3) Families are so isolated from society at large that they become tiny independent societies. 4) Families almost never reinforce the values of the society in which they live, and thus can bring about change without much effort.
Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.
What is a negative risk of media globalization? Question options: 1) Accessible technology being made available to remote societies. 2) Social media spreading awareness about social causes. 3) The spread of computer literacy. 4) Governments censoring information for their benefit.
Governments censoring information for their benefit.
Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: Question options: 1) Fragmentation 2) Homogenization 3) Telecommunication 4) Alliteration
Homogenization
Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean? Question options: 1) The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age. 2) Gray is culturally considered beautiful and thus people are bleaching their hair. 3) With industrialization and the building of big cities, there is very little green nature left and everything is the color of steel. 4) People are living under so much stress now, that they are going gray early.
The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.
The term technological diffusion is defined as: Question options: 1) The breakdown of communication between technological innovators and the general public. 2) A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly. 3) The global lack of access to online media. 4) The spread of technology across borders.
The spread of technology across borders.
Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's? Question options: 1) The 1960's saw the birth of the zero-tolerance concept, which many men and women applied to their marriages, and which, many in society thought a great idea. 2) Men were granted more freedom and often allowed to work from home which put more strain on their marital relationships, and which also coincided with women becoming more educated and more aware of their legal rights. 3) Most people divorcing in the 1960's grew up during World War II and struggled to make the austerity of their childhood correlate with their more abundant and fruitful lifestyles in the 1960's. 4) There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce.
There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce.
In the United States, which race would be considered the dominant group? Question options: 1) Asian 2) White 3) Hispanic 4) Black
White
Immanuel Wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms? Question options: 1) core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation 2) first world, second world, third world 3) super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers 4) primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation
core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation
Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of: Question options: 1) A meritocracy 2) A democracy 3) A closed stratification system 4) A caste system
A meritocracy
What is the relationship, if any, between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who wait to live together after they marry? Question options: 1) It does not matter because divorce occurs when two people are incompatible and does not depend on how long people have lived with each other. 2) Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage. 3) Cohabitating, unmarried partners have the exact same divorce rate as the people who don't cohabitate until marriage. 4) Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly lower divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.
Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.
Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align? Question options: 1) Symbolic interactionism 2) Functionalism 3) Conflict theory 4) Feminism
Conflict theory
In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm? Question options: 1) Symbolic interactionism 2) Conflict theory 3) Structural functionalism 4) Feminist theory
Conflict theory
It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage. Question options: 1) Exogamous 2) Traditional 3) Unconventional 4) Endogamous
Endogamous
What is the difference between sex and gender? Question options: 1) Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with. 2) Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females. 3) Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy. 4) Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.
Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.
Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? Question options: 1) Symbolic Interactionism 2) Conflict Theory 3) Cyberfeminism 4) Structural Functionalism
Structural Functionalism
The Davis-Moore Thesis states: Question options: 1) That people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself. 2) That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make. 3) That economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States. 4) That Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.
That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.
The term segregation is defined in the text as: Question options: 1) The deliberate annihilation of a targeted, usually subordinate, group. 2) The integration of diverse cultural concepts into a public school curriculum. 3) The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions. 4) The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture.
The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions.
The term assimilation is defined by the text as: Question options: 1) The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture. 2) When a dominant group forces a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country. 3) The act of singling out an individual because of his or her race. 4) The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture.
The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture.
Which three states allow some form of physician-assisted suicide? Question options: 1) Georgia, New York, and Pennsylvania 2) Iowa, Nebraska, and Nevada 3) Washington State, Oregon, and Montana 4) Texas, California, and Virginia
Washington State, Oregon, and Montana
Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor? Question options: 1) We can justify such practices because they are legal in other countries. 2) We can ignore the problem because it will eventually go away. 3) We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them. 4) We can trust that the CEOs and the members of the board of the companies will do the right thing.
We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.
An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is: Question options: 1) Children attending school 2) Factories using child labor 3) Children playing with friends 4) Factories employing adults at salary level
Factories using child labor
Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: Question options: 1) Only upper class people can enjoy a good game of polo. 2) Most people only socialize with people in their same social class. 3) Only lower class people drink beer. 4) Most people do not care about social rank and standing.
Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.
According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is: Question options: 1) Not biologically identifiable 2) Has no social implications 3) Based only on geographic regions 4) A product of the media
Not biologically identifiable
Which statement would you find in the analysis of poverty by Neckerman and Torche? Question options: 1) People living in poverty enjoy living in poverty. 2) People will take advantage of social welfare programs if you do not watch them carefully. 3) Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of. 4) People live in poverty because they are lazy and lack meaningful work.
Once poverty has entered a geographic location, it is very difficult to get rid of.
The term discrimination is defined in the text as: Question options: 1) An expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system. 2) Prejudiced action against a group of people. 3) The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. 4) Biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people.
Prejudiced action against a group of people.
Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing: Question options: 1) Sexism 2) Masochism 3) Homophobia 4) Sexual orientation
Sexism
The term media globalization can be defined as: Question options: 1) The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. 2) The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware. 3) The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. 4) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the_____________. Question options: 1) Under-earning economy 2) Under-paid economy 3) Under-reported economy 4) Underground economy
Underground economy
When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of: Question options: 1) Intersection theory 2) Affirmative action 3) The social construction of race 4) White privilege
White privilege
What is the first agent of socialization? Question options: 1) Family 2) Friends 3) The law 4) School
Family
If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study? Question options: 1) Counseling is an important foundation for a successful marriage. 2) Love is an important foundation for a successful marriage. 3) Children are an important foundation for a successful marriage. 4) Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.
Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.
Passing on one's heritage, possessions, and wealth is: Question options: 1) The right of the first born male in every country in the world. 2) The right of the first born female in every country in the world. 3) Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family. 4) Generally based on one's relationship with one's younger siblings.
Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family.
When elderly people are considered elders and leaders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n): Question options: 1) Oligarchy 2) Gerontocracy 3) Meritocracy 4) Republic
Gerontocracy
Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called: Question options: 1) Conspicuous consumption 2) Credit card consumerism 3) Popular consumerism 4) Designer consumerism
Conspicuous consumption
According to Erik Erikson's theory on aging, what is the final hurdle that most people who reach old age must overcome? Question options: 1) Despair 2) Loathing 3) Concession 4) Sentimentality
Despair
Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: Question options: 1) Digital divide 2) Computer lag 3) New media 4) Technological pause
Digital divide
In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________. Question options: 1) Social stratification 2) Downward mobility 3) Horizontal mobility 4) Social inconsistency
Downward mobility
Supercentenarians are people who are ____ and older. Question options: 1) 101 2) 100 3) 105 4) 110
110
Polygyny is: Question options: 1) A man who is married to more than one woman at the same time 2) A woman who is married to more than one man at the same time 3) A person who is married to only one person at a time 4) A person who is married to more than one person at the same time
A man who is married to more than one woman at the same time
The term sexual orientation can be defined as: Question options: 1) A person's biological gender. 2) A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex. 3) A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex. 4) A phase which a person outgrows before entering heterosexuality.
A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics that are opposite of their biological sex.
88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________. Question options: 1) Subjective poverty 2) Absolute poverty 3) Relative poverty 4) Marginal poverty
Absolute poverty
After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: Question options: 1) Digital divide 2) Design patent 3) Stolen technology 4) Evolutionary model of technological change
Evolutionary model of technological change
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's executive order 9066, which authorized the establishment of internment camps for anyone with as little as one-eighth Japanese ancestry following Pearl Harbor, is an example of: Question options: 1) Racial steering 2) Communism 3) Expulsion 4) Genocide
Expulsion
Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. Compared to her parents, Charlotte's story demonstrates what type of social stratification? Question options: 1) Intergenerational mobility 2) Structural mobility 3) Downward mobility 4) Intragenerational mobility
Intergenerational mobility
Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype? Question options: 1) Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian. 2) Maria assuming her son-in-law is a heavy drinker because he is Irish. 3) Cynthia believing her best friend to be good at math because she is Asian. 4) Pedro assuming his neighbor likes rap music because he is African American.
Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian.
What is a dependency ratio? Question options: 1) It is the comparison of children to parents. 2) It is the comparison of grandparents to parents. 3) It is the comparison of working people to non-working people. 4) It is the comparison of healthcare professionals to the elderly.
It is the comparison of working people to non-working people.
Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world? Question options: 1) South America 2) Africa 3) North America 4) Asia
Africa
Accusing people of DWE (driving while elderly) is considered a type of: Question options: 1) Ageism 2) Functionalism 3) Clairvoyance 4) Behaviorism
Ageism
From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? Question options: 1) All of the above 2) Social norm function 3) Life changing function 4) Entertainment function
All of the above
Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification? Question options: 1) Karl Marx 2) Émile Durkheim 3) René Decartes 4) Auguste Comte
Karl Marx
Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies? Question options: 1) Upper Class 2) Middle Class 3) The amount of people in each class has been about the same for the past 10 years. 4) Lower Class
Middle Class
Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations? Question options: 1) More men live in poverty than women. 2) Equal numbers of men and women live in poverty. 3) Children can avoid living in poverty if they live with their fathers. 4) More women live in poverty than men.
More women live in poverty than men.
When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a: Question options: 1) Patrilocal residence 2) Matrilocal residence 3) Matridistant residence 4) Patridistant residence
Patrilocal residence
Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender: Question options: 1) Indifference 2) Socialization 3) Bending 4) Stratification
Socialization
In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society? Question options: 1) Symbolic Interactionism 2) Exchange Theory 3) Structural Functionalism 4) Cyberfeminism
Symbolic Interactionism
Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is: Question options: 1) Functionalist 2) Symbolic interactionist 3) Conflict theorist 4) Feminist
Symbolic interactionist
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's book On Death and Dying added much content knowledge to which field? Question options: 1) Teleology 2) Thanatology 3) Metrology 4) Ontology
Thanatology
In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? Question options: 1) The engagement period. 2) The birth of the last child. 3) The birth of the first child. 4) The first year of marriage.
The birth of the first child.
What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States? Question options: 1) The stagnation of wages for workers 2) The growth of the upper class 3) The decline of the middle class 4) The feminization of poverty
The decline of the middle class
What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? Question options: 1) The victims of IPV do not report the abuse. 2) Most people do not know what IPV is. 3) IPV is not taken seriously by the court system. 4) IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict.
The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.
E-readiness can be defined as: Question options: 1) the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge. 2) the electronic waste created by consumers. 3) the application of science to solve problems in daily life. 4) the virtual experience offered by leading educational institutions.
the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge.
Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that: Question options: 1) Sociologist try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family. 2) Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family. 3) Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other. 4) Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family.
Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.
True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. Question options: 1) True 2) False
True
