Unit 3-1 MCQ Exam Questions

Sarah is the mother of an eight-month-old boy named Connor. Connor has been struggling to sit up on his own without assistance. While visiting a friend, Sarah noticed that her friend's five-month-old daughter was sitting up with ease. Which of the following explanations would a developmental psychologist generally offer to Sarah?

Although sitting upright with no assistance is a major milestone, many babies will develop within a range of ages.

Annette, who lives in the United States, experienced menarche at age ten, while her great-grandmother experienced it at age fourteen. Which of the following most likely explains the difference between the age that Annette and the age that her great-grandmother experienced menarche?

Annette has better nutrition and medical care than her great-grandmother did.

Maksym's parents set moderate expectations about discipline, exhibit high levels of warmth, and have open lines of communication. Which of the following best describes the parenting style of Maksym's parents?

Authoritative

Which of the following is an example of a stage of language development that occurs before a child can speak words?

Babbling

A researcher conducted a study with a group of babies that were between 6 and 9 months of age. The researcher, using the visual cliff apparatus, recorded the type of response the babies gave to the visual cliff. The results are depicted in the graph. Which of the following is a conclusion that the researcher can make regarding the babies' responses to the visual cliff?

Babies between 6 and 9 months of age can perceive depth.

The results of experiments with infant monkeys who were placed in enclosures with mother monkeys made of cloth with no food or wire with food show which of the following?

Contact comfort was the primary basis of attachment for the infant monkeys.

Fluid Intelligence and Crystallized Intelligence Across the Life Span Researchers conducted a study comparing intelligence levels of people across their life spans, as shown in the graph. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data comparing fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence over the life span of a person?

Crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence begin to diverge around 30 years of age.

A child reading a book points to a picture on the page and calls to his mother in another room and says, "Mommy, who's in this picture?" He expects that she will know what he is pointing at, even though she cannot see it. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this example?

Egocentrism

In the Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to do which of the following?

Express happiness when the mother returned to the room

Nayanika is 50 years old and finds her career meaningful and impactful. She enjoys mentoring new employees, which gives her a sense of purpose. Which of the following best represents Nayanika's current stage of psychosocial development?

Generativity

Timothy decided to major in political science without giving it much thought. According to Identity Development Theory, which stage is Timothy in?

Identity Foreclosure

In the psychosocial theory of development, which of the following best illustrates his notion of the struggle between intimacy and isolation?

Nisha just graduated from college and is worried about balancing their new career and a committed relationship.

Egocentrism, animism, and artificialism are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Preoperational

Primary sex characteristics include which of the following?

Presence of ovaries

Researchers at a local hospital are interested in whether teenagers who use internet-connected devices are more depressed than those who do not. In developmental psychology, one advantage of doing this research as a cross-sectional study over using longitudinal methods is that cross-sectional research does which of the following?

Requires comparatively little time.

When teaching an introductory Spanish class, Jermaine first introduces students to individual words and then helps students string the words together into sentences. This is an example of which of the following?

Scaffolding

Which of the following examples best illustrates Piaget's concept of conservation?

Seven-year-old William understands that when water is poured from a short, wide glass into a taller, thinner glass, the amount of water is the same.

Sexual orientation is most likely developed as a result of

a combination of genetics, prenatal hormones, and social influences

The debate over whether development occurs gradually, without discernible shifts, or through a series of distinct stages is termed

continuity vs. discontinuity

Which of the following systems of the Ecological Systems Theory refers to environments that indirectly affect a person's development such as a parent's workplace, extended family members, mass media, and family friends?

exosystem

Seven-year-old Maria helps her mother wash the dishes, while her nine-year-old-brother helps their father with the yard work. This involvement of the children in helping activities directly illustrates the process of

gender-role development

Konrad Lorenz found that shortly after a gosling is born, it tends to follow the first large moving object it sees. That is an example of

imprinting

In the Strange Situation setting, a toddler named George engages in very little exploration and spends almost all of his time with his caregiver when the caregiver is present. George's attachment style is best described as which of the following?

insecure

Four-year-old Maria knows that she has eaten all her peanuts, but she also realizes that Robbie, who cannot see inside her bag, may not know the peanuts are gone. Her awareness demonstrates that Maria has Correct answer:

theory of mind

Genie was a girl who endured abusive and neglectful conditions and was deprived of language exposure until she was rescued at age 13. Despite remediation, Genie was unable to learn to speak fluently. Historically, this case study was used to demonstrate the effects of

sensitive periods

Which of the following scenarios best describes schema assimilation?

A child assumes she will not like broccoli because its shape is similar to that of cauliflower, which she does not like.

Anthony is an adolescent who has a pimple on his cheek and thinks everyone is looking at it. Which of the following best explains what Anthony is experiencing?

The imaginary audience phenomenon

According to the psychosocial theory of development, which of the following represents a question that might be asked by someone who is experiencing the stage of industry versus inferiority?

Will I be able to learn to skate?

Four-year-old Sawyer's mother is helping him put together a puzzle that he cannot put together alone. When his mother tries to help, she realizes that Sawyer is ready to learn this skill on his own. Cognitive psychologists such as Lev Vygotsky would label this as what psychological process for child learning?

Zone of proximal development

When ten-month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight, she looks to see where it falls. Developmental psychologists would say that Frances' behavior indicates that she has developed

object permanence

Two-year-old Jia tells her grandmother that she "sweeped" the floor yesterday. The scenario illustrates that children

overgeneralize the use of grammatical rules

All human languages have several basic sounds in common called

phonemes

Which of the following identifies when a newborn infant is touched on the cheek and the infant will turn its head toward the source of stimulation?

rooting