unit 3: cell energy
equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; however it can change from one form to another ex. chemical energy (gas) can turn into mechanical energy (for your car)
anaerobic
Process that does not require oxygen
what is ATP
a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food
what does ADP stand for
adenosine diphosphate
what does ATP stand for
adenosine triphosphate
What are the two types of fermentation?
alcoholic and lactic acid
what is the purpose of fermentation
allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable; gets rid of molecules that builds up and eventually stops glycolysis
why are the forests known as the "lungs of the earth"
because plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen which is what we breathe in
what types of carbon based molecules are the source for most of the energy in the foods you eat?
carbohydrates and lipids
cellular respiration
concert food energy into ATP
how do plants store the excess energy they produce?
concert the sugar (energy) into starch
location of glycolysis
cytoplasm
how is energy stored in the ATP molecules
energy in stored in bonds
what happens to the ATP molecule when a phosphate group is removed
energy is released and turns into ADP
where is energy stored in these molecules
energy stored in bonds
what happens after glycolysis if oxygen is not present
fermentation (tries to make a little bit of energy in the form of ATP)
how does an ADP molecule get "recharged" and turned back into an ATP molecule
from our food, energy & a phosphate molecule is added
Starting molecule of glycolysis
glucose (anaerobic)
what are the forms of energy
kinetic and potential energy
what type of organic compounds do animals normally store there excess energy
lipids (fats) about 20 min worth of glycogen
what type of organic compounds store the most energy
lipids store most energy carbohydrates store least energy
location of cellular respiration
mitochondria
how does ATP release energy when it is needed in the cell
phosphate group is removed, bonds break, releases energy
what are the two types of energy
potential and kinetic
Energy
property of objects which can be transferred to ther objects or coverted into different forms
why are proteins rarely broken down and used to produce energy in living things
proteins are broken down into their component monomers (amino acids) these are used to make new products the body needs
starting molecule of cellular respiration
pyruvate acid
How is energy released from ATP?
released when phosphate group is removed
aerobic
requires energy
What does glycolysis mean?
splitting of sugar
what type of organic compounds do plants store their excess energy
starch
location of light independent reaction
stroma
why do most plants appear green in color
the chlorophyll does not absorb the green and the green is reflected
what three factors affect photosynthesis
water, temperature, light
Location of Light Dependent Reaction
within and across membrane
what are the three basic parts of an ATP molecule
-adenine -ribose -triphosphate
where do the two types of fermentation occur
-lactid acid occurs in muscle cells -alcoholic occurs in yeast and anaerobic bacteria (used to make bread, beer, wine)
total number of ATP produced in glycolysis & cellular respiration
36
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
what is ATP energy used for
ATP carries energy cells can use
