unit 3: cell energy

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equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; however it can change from one form to another ex. chemical energy (gas) can turn into mechanical energy (for your car)

anaerobic

Process that does not require oxygen

what is ATP

a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food

what does ADP stand for

adenosine diphosphate

what does ATP stand for

adenosine triphosphate

What are the two types of fermentation?

alcoholic and lactic acid

what is the purpose of fermentation

allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable; gets rid of molecules that builds up and eventually stops glycolysis

why are the forests known as the "lungs of the earth"

because plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen which is what we breathe in

what types of carbon based molecules are the source for most of the energy in the foods you eat?

carbohydrates and lipids

cellular respiration

concert food energy into ATP

how do plants store the excess energy they produce?

concert the sugar (energy) into starch

location of glycolysis

cytoplasm

how is energy stored in the ATP molecules

energy in stored in bonds

what happens to the ATP molecule when a phosphate group is removed

energy is released and turns into ADP

where is energy stored in these molecules

energy stored in bonds

what happens after glycolysis if oxygen is not present

fermentation (tries to make a little bit of energy in the form of ATP)

how does an ADP molecule get "recharged" and turned back into an ATP molecule

from our food, energy & a phosphate molecule is added

Starting molecule of glycolysis

glucose (anaerobic)

what are the forms of energy

kinetic and potential energy

what type of organic compounds do animals normally store there excess energy

lipids (fats) about 20 min worth of glycogen

what type of organic compounds store the most energy

lipids store most energy carbohydrates store least energy

location of cellular respiration

mitochondria

how does ATP release energy when it is needed in the cell

phosphate group is removed, bonds break, releases energy

what are the two types of energy

potential and kinetic

Energy

property of objects which can be transferred to ther objects or coverted into different forms

why are proteins rarely broken down and used to produce energy in living things

proteins are broken down into their component monomers (amino acids) these are used to make new products the body needs

starting molecule of cellular respiration

pyruvate acid

How is energy released from ATP?

released when phosphate group is removed

aerobic

requires energy

What does glycolysis mean?

splitting of sugar

what type of organic compounds do plants store their excess energy

starch

location of light independent reaction

stroma

why do most plants appear green in color

the chlorophyll does not absorb the green and the green is reflected

what three factors affect photosynthesis

water, temperature, light

Location of Light Dependent Reaction

within and across membrane

what are the three basic parts of an ATP molecule

-adenine -ribose -triphosphate

where do the two types of fermentation occur

-lactid acid occurs in muscle cells -alcoholic occurs in yeast and anaerobic bacteria (used to make bread, beer, wine)

total number of ATP produced in glycolysis & cellular respiration

36

Equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

what is ATP energy used for

ATP carries energy cells can use


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