unit 3 human Development
six year old Kyja draws a picture of her mom. her drawing will most likely be
a conventional human figure, with the head and body differentiated
three-year old madison judges a 2 inch toy shoe as small. But when she sees it next to a tiny 5 inch doll, she judges the shoe as big. Madison is demonstrating
a nonegocentric response
4 year old jasmine must appear in court to give testimony against her uncle who sexually abused her. Adults can help ease her distress and help ensure that her testimony is accurate by
allowing her to testify over closed- circuit TV so she does not have to face her uncle in court
10-year old Aaron and 8- year old brody are brothers who get along well. Aaron is academically successful and socially competent. Brody will probably
also be academically successful and socially competent
as bullies move into adolescence
an increasing number engage in cyberbullying
opportunities for participation in organized youth sports
are less often available to low SES communities, especially girls and ethnic minorities
authoritative parents typically make demands for mature behavior that are
reasonable, consistently enforcing and explaining those demands
school-age children's ability to comprehend subtle metaphors and to appreciate riddles and puns largely depends on
understanding that words can have double meanings
Mr. bernalillo is about to administer the WISC-V to a mexican child who just immigrated to the US. Because of the possibility of cultural bias he should be especially cautious in interpreting the ______ score
verbal comprehension
in early childhood______ aggression gradually replaces ______
verbal, physical
which of the following is true about physical education in the US
Fewer than 30% of school-age children and adolescents engage in at least moderate intensity activity for 60 min per day
preschool and young school age children are especially likely to imitate TV violence because compared to older children they _______
are more likely to believe that TV fiction is real
physical punishment has greater negative outcomes for children who
are temperamentally difficult
Lesley and cara, both aggressive girls, have become friends. The girls' relationship will probably
be high in exchange of private feelings but also full of jealousy, conflict and betrayal
infants born with inadequate thyroxine must receive it at once, or they will
be intellectually disabled
during middle childhood, repeated middle-ear infections
become less frequent
between ages 6-12 children
become more aware of circumstances likely to spark mixed emotions
the most effective forms of parental discipline encourage good
building a mutually respectful bond w the child
which of the following is a consequence of repeated child abuse
central nervous system damage, including reduced size, and impaired functioning of the cerebral cortex
in cultures that place little emphasis on schooling and literacy
children are expected to acquire new skills through observation and participation in community activities
when teachers emphasize competition and publicly compare children,
children tend to adopt teachers positive or negative views and start to live up to them
one limitation of concrete operational thinking is that
children's mental operations work poorly w abstract ideas
voicing of negative attitudes toward minorities
declines after age 7 or 8 , as children develop capacity to classify the social world in multiple ways
many older school-age children and adolescents whose parents are getting divorced respond by
declining in school performance and becoming unruly
Lisa successfully balances her work as a personal trainer w positive investment in being 8 year old melissas mother. As a result, melissa will probably
display high self esteem and less gender stereotyped beliefs
exposing young children to ______ helps them appreciate dual representation
drawing and maps
in which situation will 4 year old pietro most likely engage in private speech
during a challenging task
after a recent trip to the beach, 3 year old jelani's father says "what was the first thing we saw at the beach? how did the sand feel? what kind of shells did we find? what sound did the seagulls make" Jelani's father is using a ______ style to elicit her memory of the event
elaborative
4 year old parvatis parents label emotion words and explain them to her. Parvati is likely to be advanced in development of
emotion understanding
in describing themselves, older school-age children are likely to
emphasize competencies instead of specific behaviors
to help young children avoid developing rigid gender schemas, teachers should
ensure that all children spend time in mixed gender play activities and in unstructured pursuits
as a result of gains in metacognition, school-age children
realize that people can extend their knowledge by making mental inferences
according to the flynn effect, the amount of increase in IQ from one generation to the next depends on
extent of societal modernization
which of the following children's play activities is cause for concern, usually indicating adjustment problems
functional play involving repetitive motor action
_____ contributes to declines in emotional outbursts during early childhood
gains in inhibition and flexible shifting of attention
one way that adults can promote preschoolers' language development is to
give helpful, explicit feedback when children use words incorrectly or communicate unclearly
The ______ and surrounding areas of the cerebral cortex establish connections with one another and with the prefrontal cortex, supporting the dramatic gains in memory and spatial understanding of early and middle childhood
hippocampus
Your neighbor is concerned about the health of her 8-year old daughter who is obese. the most effective approach to helping ava lose weight would be to
implement a family-based intervention that focuses on changing eating and exercise behaviors
findings on ethnic differences in use of physical punishment reveal that
in african american families such as discipline is generally mild and delivered in a context of parental warmth
A recent, encouraging sign about with respect to changing beliefs about gender typing is that
in several recent investigations, a majority of elementary and secondary students disagreed with the idea that math is a masculine subject
which of the following statements about family influences on gender typing is true
of the 2 sexes, boys are more gender-typed, partly due to father's insistence on conformity
which of the following parenting behaviors promotes social competence and peer acceptance during the preschool years
offering suggestions for such challenges as managing conflict and entering play groups
most developmental impairments and deaths due to diarrhea can be prevented with
oral rehydration therapy
During school years, children refine their self-concept by
organizing their observations of behaviors and internal states into general dispositions
anton wants to encourage his daughters emergent literacy and foster her later achievement in reading and spelling. he should engage in activities w her that promote
phonological awareness
which of the following statements about children's empathy and sympathy is true
preschoolers who have parents who show empathic concern for their feelings are likely to react with concern to others distress
liv is a piagetian first grade teacher who wants to incorporate discovery learning in her classroom. she will probably
provide a rich variety of activities designed to promote exploration
to promote mathematical reasoning in preschool children, adults should
provide many occasions for counting, comparing quantities and talking about number concepts
in child rearing, ______ is more effective with school age children than with younger children, because of school-age children's greater capacity for logical thinking and increased respect for parents' expert knowledge
reasoning
which statement about child sexual abuse is true
reported cases of child sexual abuse are linked to poverty, marital instability, and resulting weakening of family ties
Michael has an easygoing temperament, has a warm relationship with his father and has a 3rd grade teacher who emphasizes effort. These attributes are likely to foster
resilience
children w attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
show abnormal brain functioning, including reduced activity and structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
compared to monolinguals, bilinguals
show greater activity in the prefrontal cortex during linguistic tasks
x-rays of epiphyses enable doctors to estimate children's _______ which is helpful information in diagnosing growth disorders
skeletal age
According to a study of school age children from economically disadvantaged families, the number of stressors in children's lives
strongly predicts impaired self regulation and gain in BMI
in studies involving several thousand 4 years olds in public preschools, ________ and _________ were especially strong predictors of children's social competence
teacher sensitivity; emotional support
which statement is true about mastery of concrete operational tasks
they are mastered gradually, usually in a predictable order
Which of the following is correct about school-age children's moral understanding
they consider a person's intentions in evaluating whether lying is right or wrong
which statement about education of talented children is true
they do best when parents arrange for caring teachers which they are young and more rigorous, master teachers as their talent develops