Unit 4 East Asia
Unlike its neighbors Vietnam
Maintained its independence from Chinese and Indian conquerors
In 668, the Korean Peninsula United under the
Silla dynasty
What key product was traded along the coast from India to Southeast Asia?
Spices
The Taj Mahal served as a
Tomb
dynastic cycle
rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven
What were the characteristics of the Shang and Zhou government and social structure?
- Confucianism -> the 5 relationships - Feudalism = royals; artisans + merchants; peasants
Explain the different ways in which Confucianism and Daoism taught that people should live their lives.
- Confucianism stood for behavior and morals - Daoism stood for nature and balance
Explain three ways that China expanded during the Zhou dynasty.
- Created many allies - Discovered the use of silk - Created two big and great philosophies - Created toilet paper
What inference can you draw from the social structure of Tang and Song society?
The Chinese placed a high value on maintaining a well-ordered social structure.
Biodiversity
The variety of species in an ecosystem.
Which of these was unique to Vietnam after 111 b.c.
Theravada Buddhism
In both the Shang and Zhou societies, how were different regions governed?
Noble landowners governed their own regions.
Which of the following is one of the key policies Akbar put in place to strengthen his government
Officials in Akbar's government were paid employees and could not automatically pass on their positions to relatives
Subsistence Fishing
Only enough to eat or feed family, not for profit.
Which was part of the Ming dynasty's restoration of Chinese rule?
Only gold or silver accepted in exchange for Chinese goods.
Which of the following statements BEST represents an example of Daoism's ideas
Painters should portray a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth.
Predict the economic consequences if Chinese goods in high demand in Europe became almost impossible to obtain during the Ming period
Prices of the goods in Europe would rise dramatically. Smuggling would increase.
Kung Fu
Primarily unarmed Chinese martial arts resembling karate.
Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order.
The first followers of Buddhism in Korea were
Rulers and nobles
During the tang and song, the heads of society were the
Scholar-officials
The islands of Southeast Asia are strategically important because
Ships pass through two straits
Even the feudal Japan had an emperor, the country was actually governed by the
Shogun
How did China become a feudal state under the Zhou?
The Zhou awarded control over lands to their supporters
How did the Shang civilization in the Yellow River valley give rise to the Zhou dynasty
The Zhou rebelled and then conquered the Shang kingdom
Commerce
The business of trading goods between people.
During the Ming dynasty trade was easier because
The canal system was repaired
Which best describes the foreign influences on Vietnam?
The civil service system, the language of the upper classes, and the form of Buddhism were Chinese.
Monopoly
The exclusive possession, or control, of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
What important factor helped China reunite under a strong leader like Tang Taizong?
The leaders in the separate areas were weakened by constant warring with each other.
Colonialism
The practice of one country directly ruling and developing trade in foreign territory for its own benefit.
How did the Song Dynasty survive despite military setbacks
They encouraged innovation in technology and agriculture and supported an extensive trading system.
How did the Tokugawa shoguns end feudal warfare
They imposed central government control over all Japan but maintained the feudal system.
Which of the following helped the rulers of the Tang dynasty reunify China?
They strengthened the government bureaucracy and reformed the civil service.
How did the Zhou dynasty come to rule in large part of China?
Through military defeat of the previous rulers
How did Loess influence the development of early Chinese civilizations
To avoid flooding caused by settled loess raising the Haungs water level, peasants had to maintain dikes
Why did the Zhou kings use the idea of the Mandate of Heaven
To persuade their people to believe that gods favored their rule
What prevented kublai khan from invading Japan
Typhoons in 1274 and 1281
What did genghis khan achieve that allowed the Mongols to conquer other lands
United warring clans
Why did Daoist painters choose water to represent Daoist beliefs
Water was a symbol of nature and the virtue of yielding
Ring of Fire
Zone of seismic and volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Plate.
What feature of Japan's geography allowed it to develop its own distinct culture
its distance from the mainland of Korea and China
Which two geographical elements have had the greatest effect on Korea's development?
its mountains and its seacoast
feudalism
loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord
In the history of Southeast Asia, which best describes the condition of women there compared to women in the rest of Asia
They could inherit from their mother through matrilineal descent.
Resistance
The refusal to accept or comply with something.
During China's tang and song dynasties, which group formed at the top level of society
The scholar-gentry
Which of the following is true about the structure of the feudal society developed in Japan?
The shogun was the true ruler
Korea remained distinct from China because
The three kingdoms fought off Chinese invasion
The Pagan kingdom strengthened Buddhism in the Irrawaddy Valley by building
stupas, magnificent dome-shaped shrines.
Which made it possible for Mongol armies to conquer Chinese walled cities?
Cannons and other new weapons
Which artistic technique was perfected in Korea
Celadon glaze
During the Silla dynasty, the most powerful cultural influence on Korea was
China
Communism
Economic and social system in which all property & resources are owned by the government.
What aspect of Confucianism contributed to its long lasting influence?
It's philosophy of ensuring social order and good environment
Why might Korea's location be considered strategic by other countries?
Its location next to China gives access to that country.
Which event freed more people in chine to pursue commerce
Land reform
Which of the following is an example of how the Delhi Sultanate changed society in India?
Many lower caste Hindus converted to Islam because the religion did not recognize a caste system
A Muslim takeover of norther India around 1000 was a result of
Military superiority
Mainland Southeast Asia is separated from India and China by
Mountains and high plateaus
Tang taizong governed
China
Anime
The Japanese style of animation and cartoons.
Koreas choson dynasty
Developed the Hangul alphabet
What aspects of Confucianism and Daoism do you think contributed to their long lasting influence?
- Daoism: protection (charms and spell) - Security; Daoism = the way you lool at life, and Confucianism = the way you act
What geographic challenges did China's early rulers face when trying to unite China or make alliances with peoples outside of China?
- Gobi and Tian Shan deserts - Himalayas and Kunlun mountain ranges - Dense rain forests to the south - Manchuria harsh climate to the north
For what purpose did writing begin in China?
- Philosophy - Religion - Entertainment (Songs)
How do the various cultural developments of early China still affect the lives of people today?
- calendars and astronomy - silk and other fabrics - gunpowder and other weapon advancements
What did early Chinese communities do to ensure good harvests?
- fortune-tellers and oracle bones - prayed to their rulers -> Shang Di - Great irrigation
What characteristics defined the civilization that developed in China under its early rulers?
- strict and harsh - feudalism/communism - peasants must go to war - strong -> many nomadic peoples attacked
Animism
A belief that everything has a soul, including objects in nature. It's similar to Shinto.
Archipelago
A closely related group of islands.
Which of the following is one of the notable achievements of early china?
A complex system of writing
Martial Law
Government maintained by military power.
Kublai khan managed a vast empire by
Having Chinese officials rule
How did the Mughal emperor Akbar win support from his Hindu subjects?
He established a policy of tolerance
How did Marco Polo characterize Mongol rule in China under Kublai Khan
He reported that it was very prosperous and well run.
Sikhism blends the beliefs of islam and
Hinduism
The Chinese pagoda evolved from
Indian stupas
Propaganda
Information of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.
In what way did China's isolated geography contribute to its developement as a country?
Isolation allowed to China to develop on its own without too much interference from foreign invasions
What can you conclude about Japanese values based on what they borrowed and did not borrow from the Chinese
The Japanese valued inherited status over merit and competence
What did Zen Buddhism contribute to Japanese culture?
a focus on self-reliance, meditation, and devotion to duty
In 1435, the Ming emperor changed the policy of Chinese overseas exploration by
ending the building of seagoing ships and halting expeditions.
Loess
fine windblown yellow soil
clan
group of families with a common ancestor
Akbar is called "the great" because
his policies of religious tolerance and diversity contributed to a strong central government.
oracle bone
in Shang China, animal bone or turtle shell used by priests to predict the future
filial piety
respect for parents
Indians spread their culture through Southeast Asia by
settling into port cities and marrying into influential families.
philosophy
system of ideas
Sikhism was found in
the Punjab area of India by Guru Nanak.
calligraphy
the art of producing beautiful handwriting
Bullet Train
A high-speed passenger train.
Tsunami
A huge destructive wave, can be caused by an underwater earthquake.
Bas-Relief
A kind of sculpture in which shapes are carved so that they are only slightly higher than the flat background.
Demilitarized Zone
A neutral area between countries.
Dynasty
A series of rulers from the same family.
Landlocked
A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.
Angkor Wat
A temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world.
Typhoon
A tropical storm occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans.
Which of these developments would be considered a rejection of selective borrowing?
Adoption of Buddhism
Laozi
Also known as "Old Master", he is famous for writing the Dao De Jing (Way of Virtue), and spreading Daoism
One of the most important effects of the introduction of hangul during the Choson dynasty was
An increase in literacy rate
Silk Road
Ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West.
The Mughal dynasty was established by
Babur
Confucius
Born in 551 BC, he was a brilliant scholar who spread the philosophy of Confucianism, and stressed good and pure behavior
During his voyages Chinese explorers Zheng he
Established trade centers in Southeast Asia and India
What is the BEST description of the relationship between Muslims and Hindus during the Delhi Sulta
Violent then relatively peaceful
Samurai
Warriors hired to protect the estates of landowning lords.
character
written symbol in writing systems such as that of the Chinese