Unit 4 Exam 11,4,9

What would be an accurate response to two people arguing about whether sexual orientation is due to genetics or brain structures? "Actually, the cause of sexual orientation is currently unknown." "The research clearly supports the fact that brain structures are the underlying cause of sexual orientation." "The research clearly supports a genetic cause responsible for sexual orientation." "Neither of you are correct. Sexual orientation is caused by prenatal hormones."

"Actually, the cause of sexual orientation is currently unknown."

Ben and Leslie have been married for 5 years. Their sexual relationship is still active and exciting, but, similar to findings related to gender differences in sexual arousal, they have learned that Ben is stimulated more by _______ and Leslie is stimulated more by ___________. erotic materials with a storyline; physically erotic images romantic images; erotic images nonphysical images; physical images "physically" erotic images; erotic materials with a storyline

"physically" erotic images; erotic materials with a storyline

What age group accounts for nearly half of all newly acquired STIs (sexually transmitted infections)? over 50 35-50 25-34 15-24

15-24

Sexual dysfunctions have a high prevalence rate with as many as _________ of women and __________ of men reporting problems at some point in their lives. 90 percent; 50 percent 10 percent; 5 percent 75 percent; 15 percent 43 percent; 31 percent

43 percent; 31 percent

Which of the following is an example of a sociocultural influence on sexual behavior? Religion Media All of the choices Social norms

All of the choices

According to several studies, females perform slightly better at which type of memory tasks? Semantic Episodic Sensory Procedural

Episodic

Sean is 55 years old and has been married for 20 years. He is still interested in sexual intercourse with his wife, but he suffers from the inability to achieve or maintain an erection at times during sex. What is this disorder called? Premature ejaculation Delayed ejaculation Erectile disorder Hypoactive sexual arousal disorder

Erectile disorder

What is the correct order of the phases of the sexual response cycle? Plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution Excitement, plateau, resolution, orgasm Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution Plateau, excitement, orgasm, resolution

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Jared is a 17-year-old male who gets sexually excited and aroused when he exposes his genitals to strangers on the subway. Jared may be experiencing what type of paraphillic disorder? Exhibitionistic disorder Voyeuristic disorder Frotteuristic disorder Fetishistic disorder

Exhibitionistic disorder

___________ refers to a mismatch between gender and biological sex resulting in distress, while ________ refers to the gender to which someone is sexually attracted. Sexual orientation; gender dysphoria Gender dysphoria; sexual orientation Sexual identity; sexual orientation Sexual orientation; sexual identity

Gender dysphoria; sexual orientation

Tony is a 5-year-old boy who loves to play with dolls and play house. When he enters kindergarten, he notices that most of the girls do those activities while the boys play ball and tag. He goes home and tells his dad that he is going to start playing ball and tag at recess because that is what boys do. Which theory of gender development best explains Tony's decision to change activities? Social learning theory Gender learning theory Gender conformity Gender schema theory

Gender schema theory

When Suki was asked what role she wanted in the school play about the Wild West, she said she would be the cook for the cowboys because girls aren't rowdy. Which theory of gender development best explains Suki's behavior? Gender schema theory Gender development Social learning theory Androgynous behavior

Gender schema theory

Which sex organs are the first to develop? Androgens Testicles Ovaries Gonads

Gonads

Henry was raised by lesbian mothers. Lola gave birth to him through artificial insemination and the use of donor sperm. He is 15 years old now. What does research suggest about the chances of Henry being gay? Henry is no more likely to be gay than a child raised in the home of heterosexual parents. There is an increased chance of Henry being gay due to the influence of having two female parents. There is a decreased chance of Henry being gay due to being raised by lesbian parents. There is an increased chance of Henry being heterosexual due to the influence of lesbian parents.

Henry is no more likely to be gay than a child raised in the home of heterosexual parents.

Which sexually transmitted infection can lead to cervical cancer or other cancers? Syphillis Gonorrehea Human papillomavirus (HPV) Incorrect AnswerHIV

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

What structure of the brain has been linked to sexual orientation? Limbic system Amygdala Thalamus Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

What percentage of adults have a diagnosis of gender dysphoria? 10 percent 5 percent More than 15 percent Less than 1 percent

Less than 1 percent

In surveys, what percent of Americans identify themselves as LGBT (lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender)? 25 percent 30 percent 15 percent Less than 10 percent

Less than 10 percent

Which two researchers were responsible for groundbreaking findings regarding the physiology of sexual behavior? Johnson and Johnson Masters and Johnson Masters and Kinsey Kinsey and Johnson

Masters and Johnson

Gerald is a 38 year old man who only becomes sexually aroused by prepubescent children. He states that the children are willing and that they like it. He is considered to have which paraphillic disorder? Pedophillic disorder Sexual sadism disorder Exhibitionistic disorder Voyeuristic disorder

Pedophillic disorder

Catrina had chlamydia when she was 18 years old and she never sought treatment. She is now 30 years old and struggling to become pregnant. What disease related to infertility can be caused by untreated chlamydia? Human papillomavirus (HPV) Gonorrhea Pelvic inflammatory disease Pelvis pain disorder

Pelvic inflammatory disease

__________ are the sexual organs present at birth which are directly involved in human reproduction. Wolffian system Primary sex characteristics Mullerian system Secondary sex characteristics

Primary sex characteristics

Professor Fisher states that men are better than women at math, which is why you see more men in the science and math departments. Rosales, who is a student, replies that Men are better naturally at math, but women can work harder and become good at math. Research has shown that men are gifted at math and women are gifted at verbal reasoning. Men's brains are just wired to perform mathematical calculations. Recent research shows a decrease in the gender gap on mathematical performance measures.

Recent research shows a decrease in the gender gap on mathematical performance measures.

In 5th grade, Marcia started noticing that her breasts were developing and that her shorts were getting tighter because her hips were bigger. What are these noticeable changes in the body called? Adolescence Secondary sex characteristics Müllerian system Primary sex characteristics

Secondary sex characteristics

______ is our biological classification while _______ is our psychological classification along the continuum of maleness and femaleness. Gender; sex Sex; gender Y chromosome; X chromosome X chromosome; Y chromosome

Sex; gender

Zara and Rohan have been dating for 13 months. At first, their sexual relationship was very healthy. However, for the last 6 months, Zara has shown little interest in sex and usually declines any sexual advances that Rohan makes. Zara may be experiencing what type of sexual dysfunction? Sexual interest/arousal disorder Female orgasmic disorder Hyperactive sexual desire disorder Sexual paraphilia

Sexual interest/arousal disorder

Which of the following statements regarding sexual orientation is accurate? People describe their sexual orientation as clearly either heterosexual or homosexual. Sexual orientation and gender identity are the same. The way people behave sexually defines their sexual orientation. Sexual orientation exists on a continuum.

Sexual orientation exists on a continuum.

__________ refers to the quality and number of meaningful relationships an individual may have among friends, family, and the community. Social individualism Social independence Social dominance Social connectedness

Social connectedness

Fraternal 3-year-old twins, Ben and Bella, dressed up in their mother's high heel shoes. Their mom exclaimed "Bella, you look so beautiful!" but said to Ben "those look so silly on you." Ben immediately went and put on his father's loafers instead. Which theory of gender development best explains this scenario? Stereotype theory Gender schema theory Gender identity theory Social learning theory

Social learning theory

Which theory of gender development focuses on the role of observational learning and reinforcement? Gender schema theory Social learning theory Role theory Gender identity development theory

Social learning theory

Which of the following statements suggests that sexual orientation exists on a continuum? People clearly identify as either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Someone does not have to be exclusively homosexual or heterosexual but can feel varying degrees of both. Sexual orientation is an either/or issue. People experience sexual orientation as a dichotomy between heterosexuality and homosexuality.

Someone does not have to be exclusively homosexual or heterosexual but can feel varying degrees of both.

Which hormone influences the sexual drive in both females and males? Estrogen Adrenaline Testosterone Androgen

Testosterone

__________ refers to the period of time when a transgender individual begins to live as the gender with which they identify. Transitioning Gender identity disorder Homosexuality Transgender

Transitioning

Which of the following behaviors puts someone at the highest risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI)? Unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse Oral sex Vaginal or anal intercourse using a condom Kissing

Unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse

Marcus and Suri are on a road trip driving across the United States. Marcus states that he should navigate because men have better spatial skills than women. Suri replies that Women have superior intelligence in both verbal and spatial skills. While the differences between male and female verbal and spatial skills have been widely researched, the differences are quite small. There are no reliable studies that prove conclusively the differences between male and female brains. Those differences are just because men are told they are better at spatial skills and no real differences exist.

While the differences between male and female verbal and spatial skills have been widely researched, the differences are quite small.

Ben is a nurse who is known as gentle and nurturing with his patients. On his days off, he plays soccer with his children. Ben's wife Nikki is a president of a bank and is known for making tough decisions and being an independent thinker. Her hobbies are cooking and sewing. Both Ben and Nikki exhibit what Sandra Bem calls _________ traits. neutral androgynous masculine gender-typed

androgynous

Bob was genetically born a male but due to the failure of androgen receptors when he was a fetus, he developed female genitalia. This condition is referred to as ___________. complete androgen insensitivity syndrome external genitalia syndrome hermaphroditism Wolffian syndrome

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

Maria grew up in a culture and home with strict morals about a woman's sexuality. Women were not supposed to have sexual feelings or engage in sexual activity until married. As a result, when Maria married, she thought negatively about sex and was very scared of her own sexual responses. This is an example of ____________. inappropriate reaction to a normal stage in life appropriate response to new behavior cultural influences impacting sexual behavior sexual stigma leading to sexual dysfunction

cultural influences impacting sexual behavior

Men are more likely than women to engage in _________ aggression, while some studies have shown that women are slightly more likely than men to engage in ________ aggression. verbal; physical indirect; direct direct; indirect verbal; direct

direct; indirect

The concept of _____ argues that women's sexuality may be less strongly felt and more fluid than men's sexuality. erotic orientation identity sexual crisis plasticity sexual orientation identity erotic plasticity

erotic plasticity

Elliott is 25 and has identified his sexual orientation as gay since he was 15 years old. He has three older brothers and no older sisters. One theory that might help explain his sexual orientation is known as the _____ effect. DNA sharing sibling sexuality fraternal birth order maternal birth

fraternal birth order

Celeste takes unflattering pictures of her classmates and posts them on Instagram, encouraging others to write mean and hateful captions about the pictures. This behavior would be labeled _________ aggression. physical verbal direct indirect

indirect

Sexual thoughts that lead to physiological arousal can be caused by both ________ stimuli such as thoughts and memories and ________ stimuli such as erotic images or videos. internal; external external; internal cognitive; physical physical; cognitive

internal; external

Overall, research suggests that gender differences in the areas of intelligence and memory are ___________. nonexistent minimal significant moderate

minimal

Natal males (those born as biological males) are _______ likely to develop gender dysphoria compared to natal females (those born as biological females). more less equally not

more

Tobias is a 44-year-old gay man who has researched his family history extensively. Consistent with research findings regarding the genetics of sexual orientation, he discovered that he has numerous male relatives on his _________ side of the family that are also gay. grandmother's grandfather's fathers' mother's

mother's

Mick and Daphne are adults who enjoy dressing up in each other's clothing and tying each other up during sex. They both consent to this behavior, and it increases their sexual desire. This behavior is considered ____________. paraphillic disorder transvestic disorder pathological normal because they are consenting adults enjoying their relationship

normal because they are consenting adults enjoying their relationship

Sexual behaviors that cause distress to a person or that cause physical or mental distress to another person are referred to as ____________. atypical sexual disorders pathological sexual disorders paraphillic disorders sexual dysfunctions

paraphillic disorders

Tomas is a 5th grader who is caught at recess throwing rocks at the girls and kicking some of the boys. This type of behavior is known as ____________. distinct aggression indirect aggression physical aggression verbal aggression

physical aggression

During a sporting event, two opposing fans get into an argument, and one of them threatens to punch the other in the face. This is an example of both _______ and ________ aggression. indirect; verbal physical; direct direct; indirect physical; indirect

physical; direct

Joaquin is a 21-year-old college student who enjoys an active sex life. He participated in a survey on the reasons he engages in sexual behavior. One of the reasons that he did NOT likely list was ____________. procreation relationship closeness availability of partners physical enjoyment

procreation

A problem in sexual functioning that causes distress and impairment for individuals and relationships is referred to as a(n) __________. physiological disorder erectile disorder sexual dysfunction sexual functioning issue

sexual dysfunction

Darcy identifies as a gay man and Selah identifies as a transgender woman. Darcy is referring to _____________ while Selah is referring to ____________. gender identity; sexual orientation sexual orientation; gender identity sexual behavior; sexual orientation sexual preference; gender identity

sexual orientation; gender identity

Individuals from racial/ethnic minorities appear to self-identify as LGBT _______________ than White Americans. at rates 2-3 times less often at rates 2-3 times more often slightly less often slightly more often

slightly more often

Sexual behavior can be influenced by __________, or the spoken and unspoken rules about what is considered appropriate. social behavior social norms cultural influences religious morals

social norms

Males have shown a slight advantage in _________ skills, while females have shown a slight advantage in ____________ skills. verbal; memory intellectual; relational spatial; verbal memory; language

spatial; verbal

Huan and Abrielle know they are having a baby girl in 2 months. They have discussed that they want to avoid the stereotypes for gender in regard to colors and toys for their child, but they are not sure they can avoid the way others interact with their child. Research shows that girls are _________ and boys are __________. talked to more often and treated more gently; played with more roughly given toy trucks; given princess dolls quieter and sleep more; rowdier and sleep less left to cry it out; rocked more often

talked to more often and treated more gently; played with more roughly

The cause of sexual orientation is ________. childhood sexual abuse unknown genetic factors environmental factors

unknown

Erin has excelled on the debate team in high school. She is skilled at understanding complex concepts, developing arguments to support her ideas, and expressing those arguments verbally. This set of skills is known as __________. spatial reasoning skills processing speed verbal reasoning skills intelligence

verbal reasoning skills