Unit 4 Geography
What function do physical barriers represent in the influence of migration? 7B
Physical barriers stop the flow of migration and migration routes
How did the fertile Crescent influence migration? 7B
Physical corridor that allowed trade between different regions
Demographics
Population Statistics
How has globalization benefitted the world? 7D
Spread of technological innovations
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of children that a woman is expected to have during her child-bearing years.
Population density
The average number of people per square mile (or kilometer)
Migration
The movement of people from one place to another either due to push factors or pull factors.
Urbanization
The movement of people from rural areas to cities, often in search of jobs of higher economic order.
Infant Mortality Rate/Infant Mortality
The number of babies per 1,000 born live that die in the first year of life.
Birth Rate
The number of live births per 1,000 in the population.
Life Expectancy
The number of years a person is expected to live at birth.
Globalization
The process of international economic and cultural integration.
How does society differ in urban and rural areas? 16D
Urban areas have a heterogenous society, while rural areas have a more homogenous society
Which of these describes the difference in economic factors for urban and rural areas? 16D
Urban more economically diverse, while rural is more agricultural based
How has globalization presented a challenge to the world? 7D
Increased global contact has resulted in pandemics
How have economic factors influenced migration from Mexico to the United States? 7B
Large numbers of Mexican immigrants have migrated to the United States for economic opportunities
Which has been a challenge of globalization? 7D
Loss of local culture
How has the fast growth of businesses presented a challenge during globalization? 7D
Made it difficult to control product quality and standard for the treatment of workers
How has globalization increased population? 7D
More employment opportunities across the globe
Why do you think political factors push people from an area? 7B
Motivated by wars and government policies
Death Rate
Number of deaths per 1,000 in the population
Sparse
A smaller number of people per square mile.
SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...
- concerned with receiving raw materials and transforming them into serviceable items, properties of other goods
QUATERNARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...
- knowledge based part of the economy THIS IS WHEN SETTLEMENTS START MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN
PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...
- making direct use of natural resources - agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining
TERTIARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...
- provides services to its consumers (service industry) - includes a wide range of businesses such as financial institutions, schools, and restaurants THIS IS WHEN SETTLEMENTS START MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN
PHYSICAL Features that influence settlements
1) Climate 2) Availability of water (locations that people have TRADITIONALLY settled) AREAS WITH EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, SUCH AS DESERTS AND TUNDRAS, LACK LARGE POPULATIONS DUE TO A LOW CARRYING CAPACITY.
Transportation contributes to...
1) Growth of suburbia (people moving from cities to suburbs) 2) Railroads
HUMAN Features that influence settlements
1) Infrastructure 2)Economic qualities (Like the 1849 California Gold Rush) 3) Political systems PEOPLE TEND TO LOCATE IN OR MIGRATE TO AREAS THAT PROVIDE EXTENSIVE SERVICES, PROVIDE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND ARE POLITICALLY DESIRABLE
Population Pyramid
A graph showing the distribution of population by age and gender
Dense
A greater number of people per square mile.
Demographic Transition Model
A model that describes population change over time
Pandemic
An epidemic (large outbreak) of a disease that spreads across international borders, affecting large numbers of people.
How are human geographic factors similar to physical geographic factors? 7B
Both influence migration patterns.
How has globalization affected the world population? 7D
By increasing the level of economic development, many countries have lowered their birth rates
How is the Sahara desert related to migration? 7B
Creates a physical barrier between northern and southern Africa
Push Factors
Encourage people to migrate out of a place
Pull Factor
Encourage people to migrate to a particular place.
How would you summarize social factors that influence migration? 7B
Entire groups of people move from an area to escape religious or ethnic persecution
Social Factors
Relate to an entire group of people moving to escape religious persecution or ethnic persecution Ex: historical migration of the Jews including the formation of Israel Ex: early religious migration to North America in the 1600s
Economic Factors
Relate to both the lack of economic opportunities and the lure of economic opportunities Ex: immigration to the United States and Canada Ex: migration in the United States during the Great Depression as well as migration within the European Union Both social and economic factors played a role in the forced migration of Africans in the Atlantic Slave Trade
Environmental Factors
Relate to migration which result in response to adverse or changing environmental conditions Ex: nomadic herders, migration after droughts, hurricanes, famine, floods, earthquakes and temperature changes
Political Factors
Relate to migrations motivated by wars, government policies and/or political persecutions Ex: refugees from wars Ex: defections from totalitarian governments
Demographic Transition Models
See slides 16&17 of notes
Population Pyramids
See slides 8-12
How do physical geographic features, such as water routes, valleys and steppes, influence migration? 7B
Served as physical corridors to allow the flow of migrtation