Unit 4 Geography

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What function do physical barriers represent in the influence of migration? 7B

Physical barriers stop the flow of migration and migration routes

How did the fertile Crescent influence migration? 7B

Physical corridor that allowed trade between different regions

Demographics

Population Statistics

How has globalization benefitted the world? 7D

Spread of technological innovations

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children that a woman is expected to have during her child-bearing years.

Population density

The average number of people per square mile (or kilometer)

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another either due to push factors or pull factors.

Urbanization

The movement of people from rural areas to cities, often in search of jobs of higher economic order.

Infant Mortality Rate/Infant Mortality

The number of babies per 1,000 born live that die in the first year of life.

Birth Rate

The number of live births per 1,000 in the population.

Life Expectancy

The number of years a person is expected to live at birth.

Globalization

The process of international economic and cultural integration.

How does society differ in urban and rural areas? 16D

Urban areas have a heterogenous society, while rural areas have a more homogenous society

Which of these describes the difference in economic factors for urban and rural areas? 16D

Urban more economically diverse, while rural is more agricultural based

How has globalization presented a challenge to the world? 7D

Increased global contact has resulted in pandemics

How have economic factors influenced migration from Mexico to the United States? 7B

Large numbers of Mexican immigrants have migrated to the United States for economic opportunities

Which has been a challenge of globalization? 7D

Loss of local culture

How has the fast growth of businesses presented a challenge during globalization? 7D

Made it difficult to control product quality and standard for the treatment of workers

How has globalization increased population? 7D

More employment opportunities across the globe

Why do you think political factors push people from an area? 7B

Motivated by wars and government policies

Death Rate

Number of deaths per 1,000 in the population

Sparse

A smaller number of people per square mile.

SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...

- concerned with receiving raw materials and transforming them into serviceable items, properties of other goods

QUATERNARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...

- knowledge based part of the economy THIS IS WHEN SETTLEMENTS START MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN

PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...

- making direct use of natural resources - agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining

TERTIARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES...

- provides services to its consumers (service industry) - includes a wide range of businesses such as financial institutions, schools, and restaurants THIS IS WHEN SETTLEMENTS START MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN

PHYSICAL Features that influence settlements

1) Climate 2) Availability of water (locations that people have TRADITIONALLY settled) AREAS WITH EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, SUCH AS DESERTS AND TUNDRAS, LACK LARGE POPULATIONS DUE TO A LOW CARRYING CAPACITY.

Transportation contributes to...

1) Growth of suburbia (people moving from cities to suburbs) 2) Railroads

HUMAN Features that influence settlements

1) Infrastructure 2)Economic qualities (Like the 1849 California Gold Rush) 3) Political systems PEOPLE TEND TO LOCATE IN OR MIGRATE TO AREAS THAT PROVIDE EXTENSIVE SERVICES, PROVIDE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, AND ARE POLITICALLY DESIRABLE

Population Pyramid

A graph showing the distribution of population by age and gender

Dense

A greater number of people per square mile.

Demographic Transition Model

A model that describes population change over time

Pandemic

An epidemic (large outbreak) of a disease that spreads across international borders, affecting large numbers of people.

How are human geographic factors similar to physical geographic factors? 7B

Both influence migration patterns.

How has globalization affected the world population? 7D

By increasing the level of economic development, many countries have lowered their birth rates

How is the Sahara desert related to migration? 7B

Creates a physical barrier between northern and southern Africa

Push Factors

Encourage people to migrate out of a place

Pull Factor

Encourage people to migrate to a particular place.

How would you summarize social factors that influence migration? 7B

Entire groups of people move from an area to escape religious or ethnic persecution

Social Factors

Relate to an entire group of people moving to escape religious persecution or ethnic persecution Ex: historical migration of the Jews including the formation of Israel Ex: early religious migration to North America in the 1600s

Economic Factors

Relate to both the lack of economic opportunities and the lure of economic opportunities Ex: immigration to the United States and Canada Ex: migration in the United States during the Great Depression as well as migration within the European Union Both social and economic factors played a role in the forced migration of Africans in the Atlantic Slave Trade

Environmental Factors

Relate to migration which result in response to adverse or changing environmental conditions Ex: nomadic herders, migration after droughts, hurricanes, famine, floods, earthquakes and temperature changes

Political Factors

Relate to migrations motivated by wars, government policies and/or political persecutions Ex: refugees from wars Ex: defections from totalitarian governments

Demographic Transition Models

See slides 16&17 of notes

Population Pyramids

See slides 8-12

How do physical geographic features, such as water routes, valleys and steppes, influence migration? 7B

Served as physical corridors to allow the flow of migrtation


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