Unit 4 Homework (Chapter 11)

What causes a stomach ulcer?

A bacterial infection

Which of the following people is likely to learn to read the earliest?

A child that learned to write by hand

As a biochemist for a pharmaceutical company, you have been asked to create a drug that works on methamphetamine users in the same way that Narcan works. What are you working on?

A drug that reverses the effects of methamphetamine

Your uncle is a police officer in Philadelphia. Finding which of the following would most likely lead him to believe he found a location where people frequently use heroin?

dirty needles

Your cousin suffers a traumatic brain injury and is no longer able to write. What does he suffer from?

dysgraphia

Photoreceptors are a type of ______________.

electromagnetic receptor

Photoreceptors are found in your _______________, whereas chemoreceptors are found in your _______________.

eyes; nose and mouth

You decide to take up running. In the middle of a three mile run, your legs cramp. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this?

fatigue

The cerebrum develops from the _______________

forebrain

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________.

homeostasis

The ____________________ is the master control center for the endocrine system.

hypothalamus

The ____________ and the ____________ are commonly known as the voicebox and windpipe, respectively.

larynx; trachea

A person who has a stroke that damages the cerebellum might have difficulty ____________

learning and coordinating motor movements

The brain stem consists of the ____________.

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Response to a stimulus, such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called ________ feedback.

negative

Individual nerve cells are called __________.

neurons

What carries a signal from one neuron to the next?

neurotransmitter

Use of which of the following is most closely linked to the increasing use of heroin in the United States?

opioid drug oxycodone

The heart is an example of a(n) ___________.

organ

The heart pumps blood through blood vessels to reach all areas of the body. Together, the heart and blood vessels form a(n) __________.

organ system

Hyponatremia is the result of what process?

osmosis

Where does the fertilization of the egg occur?

oviduct

The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________.

ovulation

Which of the following options correctly lists the sequence of structures that air passes through during breathing after it enters the mouth and nose?

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

What is the direct cause of gum disease?

plaque formed by bacteria

The main role of the liver is to ________.

produce bile, which helps the process of digestion

Water held behind a dam is similar to what aspect of a neuron?

resting potential

Sensory receptor cells convert a stimulus, such as an odor molecule or light, into an electrical signal that is conveyed to the nervous system. This process is called __________.

signal transduction

Tissues are made up of ________ that work together to perform a function.

similar cells

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________.

small intestine

The ________________ directs the flow of information between the cerebrum and brain stem.

thalamus

What is shed from the body in menstruation?

the thickened endometrium when fertilization has not occurred

The ovaries release increasing levels of estrogen and progesterone immediately after ovulation. This results in _____.

thickening of the endometrium and reduced production of FSH and LH, which feeds back to prevent further ovulation

A switch is to a light, as a ____________________ is to an action potential.

threshold

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________.

virus

A person with carbohydrates A and B on the surface of their red blood cells will have which of the following blood types?

Blood type AB, as both A and B are present

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart.

Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body

Which of the following statements about bones is false?

Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them.

__________ are the fundamental units of life.

Cells

How is diabetes linked with homeostasis?

Diabetes results from the body not responding with a negative feedback to the level of glucose in the blood.

Which of the following statements about digestion is true?

Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach

The anterior pituitary gland, under the control of the hypothalamus, produces _____, which stimulate _____.

FSH and LH ... egg maturation and ovulation

In the male reproductive system, both the prostate gland and the seminiferous tubules add fluid to the semen.

False - In males, the prostate and seminal vesicles add fluid to the semen. The seminiferous tubules in the testes are where sperm mature.

The somatic nervous system controls many organ systems, such as the circulatory, excretory, and endocrine systems.

False - The automatic nervous system controls many organ systems, such as the circulatory, excretory, and endocrine systems. This control is usually involuntary (unconscious). The somatic nervous system is mostly under voluntary control.

When is an unborn child called a fetus?

From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth

You are working in the medical tent at an Ironman triathlon. A finisher comes into the tent and appears to be suffering from hyponatremia. Which of the following would be best for you to do?

Give her sodium

You are a high school soccer coach. One of your players appears to be overheated. Which of the following would be best for you to do?

Have him sit in the shade

What is the role of the epithelium?

Helps protect the body from the external environment

Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process.

Hemoglobin

Which of the following is true?

Heroin is illegal in the United States

Which of the following tends to be true in large cities across the United States?

Heroin is inexpensive and easy to obtain.

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller?

Hypothalamus

What type of disorder is AIDS?

Immunodeficiency

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling?

Inflammatory response

What is the function of the thickened endometrium?

It nourishes the early embryo during the process of implantation.

Sound is "heard" when sound waves cause structures inside your ears to physically vibrate. A signal is then sent to your brain where it is interpreted as sound. What type of receptors in the ear are responsible for the sense of hearing?

Mechanoreceptors

_____________________ are triggered when stimuli become too extreme for thermoreceptors.

Pain receptors

What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow?

Peristaltic muscle contractions

________ refers to how a body system functions, and ________ refers to the structure of a body part.

Physiology; anatomy

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system.

Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

People who produce very little saliva often have more cavities. What is the best explanation for this?

Since saliva normally helps neutralize acid and replace minerals on teeth, a lack of saliva leads to more cavities

Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types. Which one of the following is not categorized as connective tissue?

Skin

How do the muscles in your arm extend your arm outward?

Some muscles in your arm relax and others contract, pulling the arm straight

From production through ejaculation, which is the correct pathway for a sperm cell?

Testis → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Prostate Gland → Penis

In what way can the human circulatory system be described as double circulation?

The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit

How are the ovulation cycle and the menstruation cycle coordinated?

The processes regulate each other through a system that involves four major hormones

Which of the following is true?

There is a correlation between periodontal disease and heart disease

What are hormones?

They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body

What is the role of the villi?

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments?

To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream

A person suffering from hyponatremia has which of the following?

Too little sodium in the bloodstream

Bacterial meningitis is typically more severe than viral meningitis and can be life threatening.

True

Male impotence can be caused by tight pants and underwear.

True

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?

Vaccine

Which of the following blood cells fights infections?

White blood cells

What would happen if the sensory neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal?

You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them

Anatomy is to physiology as ___________.

a book is to reading

On what day does ovulation occur during the female reproductive cycle?

about day 14

The main role of the large intestine is to ________.

absorb water

What is the direct cause of demineralization of the enamel on teeth?

acids produced by bacteria

The rapid reversal of ions across the plasma membrane of a neuron is known as a(n) __________.

action potential

What is the specific site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

alveoli

Form refers to ________, and function refers to ________.

anatomical structure; physiological actions

The pleasant scent of roses is detected by ____________.

chemoreceptors

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, "__________ is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States." It is estimated that 1 in 15 sexually active females aged between 14 and 19 years has this infection.

chlamydia

Signal transduction involves ____________.

conversion of a stimulus to an electrical signal

In neurons, ____________ receive signals and ____________ transmit signals.

dendrites; axons

Contraction of the _____________ causes expansion of the lungs.

diaphragm

Organs are made up of a collection of ________ to perform a specific function.

different types of tissues

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.

central

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle?

Allergy

Which of the following forms of contraception is removable?

An intrauterine device

Which of the following correctly explains what a heart attack is?

Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies?

B cells

Which of the following can increase your risk of atherosclerosis?

avoiding exercise

If the dendrites are the "ears" of a neuron, and the axon is the "mouth" of the neuron, what is the "cell body" analogous to?

brain

Asthma causes constriction of the tiny air passages in the lungs, otherwise known as the __________.

bronchioles

Blood types A, B, AB, and O are determined by ________.

carbohydrates on the surface of the red blood cells

What is the main role of red blood cells?

carry oxygen

Which of the following options lists the structural elements of organisms in the correct order, from smallest to largest?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms