Unit 4 Review Global Interactions
What was the most prominent European nation in pursuing early voyages of long distance exploration?
Portugal.
The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of what?
Sugarcane.
In the 1670s and 1680s, the Spanish were interested in consolidating control in this area because it lay directly on the route from Acapulco to Manila. a. Guam b. New Zealand c. the Marquesas Islands d. Tahiti e. Hawai`i
a. Guam
Hernán Cortés was responsible for the conquest of the a. Taínos. b. Chimu. c. Inca. d. Aztecs. e. Moche.
d. Aztecs.
The heaviest slave trading took place in the a. fifteenth century. b. sixteenth century. c. seventeenth century. d. eighteenth century. e. nineteenth century.
d. eighteenth century.
The Ottoman ruler who captured Constantinople was a. Babur. b. Suleyman the Magnificent. c. Selim the Grim. d. Osman Bey. e. Mehmed II.
e. Mehmed II.
Daimyo were a. Buddhist monks. b. women writers. c. warriors. d. Japanese Christian missionaries. e. powerful Japanese territorial lords.
e. powerful Japanese territorial lords.
Who was the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias.
Which of the following cities was an English trading post?
Bombay.
When he reached __________ , Columbus sent delegates to seek the court of the emperor of China.
Cuba.
Most of the actual early exploration of the Pacific Ocean was carried out by the...
English.
The first circumnavigation of the world was completed in 1522 by who?
Ferdinand Magellan's crew.
The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to...
Force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties.
On the 12th of October 1492, on what island did Columbus make landfall?
Guanahani.
The English explorer James Cook died during a fight in...
Hawai'i.
Which of the following men conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored a series of voyages down the west African coast?
Henry of Portugal.
What was Christopher Columbus's decision to sail west to reach Asia based on?
His miscalculation of the distance from the Canary Islands to Japan.
In the end, why was Portugal unable to maintain it's early domination of trade?
It was a small country with a small population.
Who was the explorer who led three expeditions into the Pacific in the 18th century?
James Cook.
What was the astrolabe designed to measure?
Latitude.
Where was the center of Spanish commercial activity in Asia?
Manila.
In their attempt to control the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, Europeans during the period between the 16th and 18th centuries were...
Met with limited success because of the lack of human numbers and military power.
Who did the Philippines fall to?
Miguel Lopez d Legazpi.
What was the profitable merchandise that Vasco da Gama purchased in India made up of?
Pepper and cinnamon.
Which of the following was NOT a reason for European interest in finding a maritime trade route?
That Mongol domination had caused trade along the Silk Roads to stop.
The Reconquista come to an end in 1492 when...
The Muslim kingdom of Grenada fell to Spanish Catholic forces.
Ferdinand Magellan established a trade route between Mexico and...
The Philippines.
Which of the following was NOT one of the main inspirations for European exploration?
The desire to conquer China and India.
Which of the following was NOT an advantage the English and Dutch had over the Portuguese?
They had much better captains.
What was the VOC?
United East India Company.
Hormuz, Goa, and Melaka were all seized in the early 1500's by who?
Vasco de Gama.
Who was the Portuguese mariner who sailed to Calicut in 1498?
Vasco de Gama.
Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population...
Was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism.
When did Portuguese mariners originally develop a strategy called the Volta do mar?
When sailing from the Canaries to Portugal.
What did lateen sails have the advantage of?
Working better in crosswinds.
The Islamic leader who abolished the jizya was a. Akbar. b. Shah Ismail. c. Suleyman the Magnificent. d. Shah Abbas. e. Abu Bakr.
a. Akbar.
In 1421, Yongle moved the capital of China to a. Beijing. b. Edo. c. Nanjing. d. Guangzhou. e. Kyoto.
a. Beijing.
The author of the Institutes of the Christian Religion was a. Calvin. b. Luther. c. Zwingli. d. Henry VIII. e. Paul III
a. Calvin. john calvin
The founder of the religion that stressed that Jesus Christ had been a black man and that Kongo was the true holy land was a. Dona Beatriz. b. King Pedro IV. c. Nzinga Mbemba. d. Queen Nzinga. e. Olaudah Equiano.
a. Dona Beatriz.
Which of the following countries established the first permanent settlement in Australia? a. England b. the Netherlands c. Portugal d. Spain e. France
a. England
The most important early city in the Songhay empire was a. Gao. b. Timbuktu. c. Jenne. d. Mali. e. Kilwa.
a. Gao.
The theory of universal gravity is associated with a. Isaac Newton. b. Galileo Galilei. c. Denis Diderot. d. Nicolaus Copernicus. e. Johannes Kepler.
a. Isaac Newton
Who said, "I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one's conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other"? a. Martin Luther b. Jesus c. John Calvin d. Sima Qian e. Henry VIII
a. Martin Luther
Sunni Ali built a powerful imperial navy to patrol the a. Niger River. b. Atlantic Ocean. c. Mediterranean Sea. d. Congo River. e. Indian Ocean.
a. Niger River.
Which of the following empires was inspired by its status as an Islamic outpost on the border of the Christian world? a. Ottoman b. Safavid c. Mughal d. Yuan e. Umayyad
a. Ottoman
The Spanish leader who sent an armada against England in 1588 was a. Philip II. b. Don Juan. c. Fernando. d. Charles V. e. Dom Henrique.
a. Philip II.
The chief obstacle to Portuguese control of Angola came from a. Queen Nzinga. b. King Afonso I. c. King Sundiata. d. Queen Dona Beatriz. e. King Sunni Ali.
a. Queen Nzinga.
Which of the following was not a syncretic religion tied to Africans in the Americas? a. Saramaka b. Vodou c. Santeria d. Candomblé
a. Saramaka
The Mughal ruler who constructed the Taj Mahal was a. Shah Jahan. b. Akbar. c. Zahir al-Din Muhammad. d. Osman Bey. e. Aurangzeb.
a. Shah Jahan.
Which of the following was not an action of the Manchus after conquering China? a. They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus. b. They forbade Chinese from learning the Manchurian language. c. They forced Chinese men to grow a queue as a sign of submission. d. They did not allow the Chinese to travel to Manchuria. e. They carefully guarded their own cultural identity.
a. They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus.
The Council that helped define and advance the Catholic Reformation took place in a. Trent. b. Pisa. c. Wittenberg. d. Rome. e. Milan.
a. Trent.
The Songhay empire fell in 1591 to a. a Moroccan army. b. a Portuguese army. c. a Dutch army. d. an English army. e. a French army.
a. a Moroccan army.
The Portuguese began to show much more interest in Brazil a. after the establishment of profitable sugar plantations. b. after the English victory over the Spanish Armada. c. after brazilwood became a major cash crop. d. after a Spanish military loss to France removed Spain as a serious rival for control of Brazil. e. after the discovery of rich gold and silver mines.
a. after the establishment of profitable sugar plantations.
Plantations created a high demand for a. cheap labor. b. cash crops. c. tobacco. d. money. e. education.
a. cheap labor.
Ignatius Loyola was instrumental in a. creating the Society of Jesus. b. calling together the Council of Trent. c. making astronomical discoveries that called into question the Ptolemaic universe. d. the formation of Spanish absolutism. e. claiming the Philippines for Spain.
a. creating the Society of Jesus.
As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for a. firearms. b. sugar or molasses. c. silver from the Americas. d. European technological innovations. e. indentured servants.
a. firearms.
In regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, the Qing a. followed the same pattern that the Ming had established. b. borrowed Persian techniques. c. relied on the Yuan approach but left out the reliance on terror. d. ignored the Ming approach and instead relied on more familiar Manchurian techniques. e. copied the remarkably successful centralizing techniques of Tokugawa Japan.
a. followed the same pattern that the Ming had established.
Which of the following factors was not one of the reasons for Charles V's failure to build a centralized, sovereign state in the Holy Roman Empire? a. frequent invasions by England b. internal religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics c. external pressure from the French d. German nobles who refused to bend to Charles's will e. external pressure from the Ottomans
a. frequent invasions by England
In North America, the Europeans initially found a profitable commodity when they bartered for a. fur. b. maize. c. tobacco. d. indigo. e. molasses.
a. fur.
Shah Jahan was unable to finish the construction of the Taj Mahal because a. he was overthrown by his son Aurangzeb. b. he died from smallpox. c. he was captured by the Ottomans while on a hunting trip. d. his country was invaded by Afghan tribesmen. e. his Mughal rule was interrupted by a Safavid invasion.
a. he was overthrown by his son Aurangzeb. thrown into a tower thing with a window(?) to still see the Taj Mahal
The first plentiful labor force for North America was a. indentured servants. b. peninsulares from South America. c. African slaves. d. métis purchased from Canada. e. native Americans who worked as part of a complicated barter system.
a. indentured servants.
The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the sixteenth century was a. manioc. b. tomatoes. c. maize. d. peanuts. e. tobacco.
a. manioc.
Because of protests from moralists, the Ottoman sultan Murad IV a. outlawed coffee and tobacco. b. reinstituted the jizya. c. forbade women to play an active role in the marketplace. d. introduced a code of conduct for the janissaries. e. burned every available copy of A Thousand and One Nights.
a. outlawed coffee and tobacco.
According to Confucian tradition the most honorable class among the peasants, artisans, and merchants was the a. peasants. b. artisans. c. soldiers. d. merchants. e. They were all considered to be equal because of their essential roles in supporting China.
a. peasants.
For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was a. precious metals. b. tobacco. c. a new class of trading partners to buy Spanish manufactured goods. d. sugar. e. slaves.
a. precious metals. SILVER
The Dream of the Red Chamber shed light on which of the following? a. scholar-gentry b. peasants c. artisans d. scholar-bureaucrats e. soldiers
a. scholar-gentry
The term "bakufu" means a. tent government. b. mandate of heaven. c. the country at war. d. warrior state. e. land of the one.
a. tent government.
In 1505 all the Swahili city-states were subdued by a. the Portuguese. b. the Spanish. c. the Ottoman Turks. d. the Dutch. e. the English.
a. the Portuguese.
The most destructive European conflict before the twentieth century was a. the Thirty Years' War. b. the Seven Years' War. c. the Hundred Years' War. d. the Franco-Prussian War. e. the War of the Spanish Succession.
a. the Thirty Years' War.
The term "floating worlds" originally related to a. the entertainment and pleasure districts of cities such as Osaka. b. a Japanese attempt to understand the advanced technology as part of the "Dutch learning." c. the Tokugawa emphasis on "alternate residences." d. a Japanese attempt during the "native learning" period to reinstill enthusiasm in Buddhism. e. the Chinese view of heaven.
a. the entertainment and pleasure districts of cities such as Osaka.
Shah Ismail received the greatest support for his conversion to Twelver Shiism from a. the qizilbash. b. the Sunni. c. the Abbasids. d. the Ottomans. e. the Mughals.
a. the qizilbash. REDHEADS
With the exception of the emperor and his family, the most exalted members of Chinese society were a. the scholar-bureaucrats. b. the peasants. c. the merchants. d. the army. e. the navy.
a. the scholar-bureaucrats.
The chief Spanish royal administrators in the Americas were a. the viceroys. b. the peninsulares. c. the conquistadors. d. the encomiendas. e. the haciendas.
a. the viceroys.
Christopher Columbus's first plan was a. to build trading posts where merchants could trade with the local population. b. to plunder the legendary wealth of the Aztecs. c. to form an alliance with the Aztecs against the Inca. d. to form an alliance with the French before attacking the Taínos. e. to subjugate the native population as a slave race for the Spanish.
a. to build trading posts where merchants could trade with the local population.
The English colony of Jamestown a. was nearly destroyed due to mass starvation. b. was wildly successful and quickly recouped the original financial investment. c. mysteriously disappeared during a period when the English were too busy to send aid. d. served as a remarkably satisfactory location for the Puritans. e. was burned to the ground during a French invasion.
a. was nearly destroyed due to mass starvation.
By 1800, the population of Europe had risen to a. 81 million. b. 180 million. c. 240 million. d. 310 million. e. 350 million.
b. 180 million.
By 1750, the population of China had grown to a. 415 million. b. 225 million. c. 100 million. d. 75 million. e. 50 million.
b. 225 million.
The first great philosophical proponent of capitalism was a. Voltaire. b. Adam Smith. c. Montesquieu. d. Isaac Newton. e. Francis Bacon.
b. Adam Smith. supply and demand
Which of the following rulers displayed the greatest amount of religious toleration? a. Aurangzeb b. Akbar c. Shah Ismail d. Suleyman the Magnificent e. Charles V
b. Akbar
The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa was a. Mozambique. b. Angola. c. Zimbabwe. d. Kanem-Bornu. e. Kongo.
b. Angola.
The last emperor of the Inca empire was a. Motecuzoma II. b. Atahualpa. c. Topa Inca. d. Viracocha. e. Pachakuti.
b. Atahualpa.
The architect of French absolutism was a. John Locke. b. Cardinal Richelieu. c. Charles II. d. Montesquieu. e. Louis XVIII.
b. Cardinal Richelieu.
The English Civil War ended with the trial and decapitation of a. James I. b. Charles I. c. Elizabeth I. d. James II. e. Charles II.
b. Charles I.
The first European nation to abolish the slave trade was a. England. b. Denmark. c. France. d. Portugal. e. Spain.
b. Denmark.
A trading post was built at Cape Town in 1652 by the a. Portuguese. b. Dutch. c. Russians. d. English. e. French.
b. Dutch.
The first recorded European sighting of Australia was made by the a. Portuguese. b. Dutch. c. English. d. French. e. Spanish.
b. Dutch.
The event that inspired Henry VIII to confront the pope was a. Henry's frustration with the pope's inability to bring about church reform. b. Henry's desire to gain a divorce. c. Henry's desire to unify all of Europe for a new round of crusades. d. Henry's belief that the pope was secretly backing the French in the latest war. e. a new English translation of the Bible.
b. Henry's desire to gain a divorce.
When the Dutch founded Cape Town they encountered which of these indigenous groups? a. Kongolese b. Khoikhoi c. Ndongo d. Zimbabwe e. Fulani
b. Khoikhoi
The Virgin of Guadalupe essentially became a national symbol for a. Peru. b. Mexico. c. Argentina. d. Brazil. e. Chile.
b. Mexico.
Suleyman the Magnificent won his greatest victory and killed the king of Hungary at the battle of a. Vienna. b. Mohács. c. Belgrade. d. Chaldiran. e. Otranto.
b. Mohács.
The last emperor of the Aztec empire was a. Atahualpa. b. Motecuzoma II. c. Itzcoatl. d. Topa. e. Motecuzoma I.
b. Motecuzoma II.
The leader who first organized the Manchu into a centralized state was a. Qinglong. b. Nurhaci. c. Kangxi. d. Tokugawa Ieyasu. e. Yongle.
b. Nurhaci.
The founder of the Ottoman dynasty was a. Suleyman the Magnificent. b. Osman Bey. c. Selim the Grim. d. Mehmet II. e. Shah Ismail.
b. Osman Bey.
Which ruler made Vietnam, Burma, and Nepal vassal states of China? a. Yongle b. Qianlong c. Nurhaci d. Hongwu e. Kangxi
b. Qianlong
The encomenderos were a. Aztec priests who viewed the Spanish as visiting gods. b. Spanish settlers. c. the first society of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish. d. the Spanish administrative officials who ruled over the colonies and reported back to Spain. e. individuals of indigenous and European parentage.
b. Spanish settlers.
Which of the following was not a difference between the Spanish approach to colonization and that of the English and French? a. Private investors played a much greater role in the English and French approach. b. The English and French viewed the indigenous populations as their equals. c. The English and French did not encounter large, centralized states. d. The Spanish saw the Americas as a land to exploit rather than one to settle or colonize. e. Iberian explorers had royal backing.
b. The English and French viewed the indigenous populations as their equals.
Which of the following popular novels dealt with the intrigue following the collapse of the Han dynasty? a. Journey to the West b. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms c. The Dream of the Red Chamber d. The Life of a Man Who Lived for Love e. The Sea of Fertility
b. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Matteo Ricci was a. the Italian merchant who spent twenty years with Khubilai Khan and wrote of his adventures. b. a Roman Catholic missionary in China. c. the chief Italian who negotiated trade issues with the Qing emperor Qianlong. d. the Italian explorer who sailed to Japan in the late fifteenth century. e. mainly responsible for the introduction of American crops such as manioc to China.
b. a Roman Catholic missionary in China.
Which of the following factors was not one of the reasons for the decline of the Islamic empires? a. a series of weak and incompetent rulers b. a collapse in the centuries-old civil service examination system c. rising tensions between different religious groups d. changing trade routes that bypassed the empires and hurt them financially e. increasing religious conservatism and intolerance among the Islamic leaders
b. a collapse in the centuries-old civil service examination system
The term "native learning" relates to a. the opinion held by Chinese scholars that Japanese culture was crude and uncivilized. b. a growing Japanese emphasis on indigenous traditions. c. a Japanese desire to discover the original, or "native," ideals of Confucianism. d. the European view that Japanese concepts such as Shintoism were actually holding the Japanese back. e. the opinion held by Japanese scholars that European culture was crude and uncivilized.
b. a growing Japanese emphasis on indigenous traditions.
The Ptolemaic universe was based on a. the idea that the earth rested on the back of a giant turtle. b. a motionless earth surrounded by nine hollow spheres. c. a heliocentric structure. d. the unifying principle of gravity. e. the observations of Galileo.
b. a motionless earth surrounded by nine hollow spheres
Which of the following was not one of the policies pursued by Louis XIV? a. the maintenance of a huge standing army b. an attempt to make the nobles an active part of the government c. use of the more dependable middle class as officials d. the creation of the palace at Versailles e. the promotion of economic development
b. an attempt to make the nobles an active part of the government
The term "mestizo" refers to a. the coins that were used in the Aztec empire. b. an individual of indigenous and European parentage. c. the Spanish plantations on which millions of Central and South Americans were enslaved. d. the Aztec term for the mysterious disease that devastated their population. e. the percentage of silver that went to the Spanish government.
b. an individual of indigenous and European parentage
Which of the following was not one of the accomplishments of the Chinese clans? a. providing educational opportunities for poor relatives b. bringing the different social classes in the clan up to equality with the gentry c. maintaining local order d. organizing local economies e. making provision for welfare
b. bringing the different social classes in the clan up to equality with the gentry
Suleyman the Magnificent called on Sinan Pasha to a. reorganize the Ottoman navy and conquer the eastern Mediterranean. b. create the religious complex known as the Suleymaniye. c. defeat the growing threat of the Safavids. d. launch an invasion of Isfahan. e. help him create a sophisticated law code.
b. create the religious complex known as the Suleymaniye
The Ottoman institution that provided Balkan slaves for the formation of the Janissaries was the a. jizya. b. devshirme. c. dhimmi. d. sharia. e. millet.
b. devshirme.
The Black Pioneers were a. Africans who served as indentured servants in return for land in the Caribbean. b. escaped slaves who fought to maintain British rule in the North American colonies. c. former slaves who fought on the colonial side in the American Revolution. d. the most notorious of the slave raiding organizations. e. the name for members of the First Continental Congress who fought for the abolition of slavery.
b. escaped slaves who fought to maintain British rule in the North American colonies. Sierra Leone w/ Thomas Peters
In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu a. started a centuries-long civil war that tore Japan apart. b. finished the process of unifying Japan. c. fought off an attempted Chinese invasion. d. founded the Qing dynasty. e. implemented "Dutch learning" in an attempt to modernize Japan.
b. finished the process of unifying Japan.
By the seventeenth century, the most prominent site of agriculture in Spanish America was the a. métis. b. hacienda. c. repartimiento. d. quinto. e. zambo.
b. hacienda.
Most Enlightenment philosophers believed a. in a geocentric universe. b. in the notion of progress. c. in a very active God who played a constant role in human affairs. d. that the world was getting worse because of corrupt human nature. e. that the world would end soon.
b. in the notion of progress.
During the early modern period in Africa, the basis of social organization continued to be a. religious organizations of a syncretic nature. b. kinship groups. c. paramilitary organizations. d. guilds. e. a modern European-style nuclear family.
b. kinship groups.
Matteo Ricci and other Europeans discovered that they were more successful in their negotiations with the Chinese if they presented them with a. African slaves. b. mechanical clocks. c. cannons and other advanced artillery. d. signed Bibles. e. silver bars.
b. mechanical clocks.
Piri Reis was responsible for a. losing the battle of Chaldiran. b. preparing the Book of Seafaring. c. building the first astronomical observatory in Istanbul. d. overthrowing and jailing his father Shah Jahan. e. writing a famous Rubaiyat.
b. preparing the Book of Seafaring.
The practice of foot binding a. was a Yuan form of torture that was copied during the Ming and Qing dynasties. b. represented the increasing subjugation of women during the Qing dynasty. c. was imported from India. d. expressed the growing freedom of women in Qing China to follow urban fashion trends. e. prevented Chinese prisoners from escaping during huge government-sponsored work projects
b. represented the increasing subjugation of women during the Qing dynasty.
The Treaty of Tordesillas a. granted England control over Australia. b. split Central and South America between Spain and Portugal. c. ended the Seven Years' War. d. limited Spanish northern expansion at modern-day Florida. e. ended the English practice of raiding Spanish treasure galleons.
b. split Central and South America between Spain and Portugal.
In an effort to stabilize China internally, the Ming emperors a. accepted the Yuan traditions that had been in place for a century. b. stressed Chinese traditions from the era before the Mongol Yuan dynasty. c. followed the more successful Indian centralization model. d. adopted the methods used by the powerful early modern European states. e. copied the centralizing techniques that had proved so successful in Japan.
b. stressed Chinese traditions from the era before the Mongol Yuan dynasty.
Islam was most popular in sub-Saharan Africa in a. the thinly populated rural areas. b. the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city-states. c. areas that had previously had contact with Christian missionaries. d. poor areas where the payment for conversion had the greatest appeal. e. areas that had forsaken the traditional religions because of famine or plague.
b. the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city-states.
The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory over the Aztecs and Incas was a. the overwhelming Spanish superiority in guns and cannons. b. the devastating loss of life caused by European-borne diseases. c. the Spanish strength in numbers. d. the military precision of the well-trained Spanish troops. e. the Spanish alliance with the Maya.
b. the devastating loss of life caused by European-borne diseases. SMALLPOX
Zhu Xi was a. the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. b. the foremost scholar of neo-Confucianism. c. the Ming emperor who refused to see his advisers for years on end. d. the most powerful Qing emperor. e. the leading Chinese Christian missionary.
b. the foremost scholar of neo-Confucianism.
Luther's initial stimulus for formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was a. his excommunication from the Roman Catholic church. b. the sale of indulgences. c. his time spent in England during the English Reformation. d. the turmoil caused by having two popes during the Great Schism. e. the influence of John Calvin.
b. the sale of indulgences.
Central to the belief of Twelver Shiism was the idea that a. any true believer could be the leader of the Islamic world. b. the twelfth infallible imam was still alive and would return to spread his faith. c. Ali had betrayed the prophet Muhammad and therefore his descendants could not rule. d. there were twelve principle manifestations of Allah. e. there were Twelve Commandments.
b. the twelfth infallible imam was still alive and would return to spread his faith.
Henry VIII's reformation in England a. was based on the ideas of the Anabaptists. b. was much more politically driven than Luther's reformation. c. was inspired more by John Calvin's thought than by Luther's thought. d. made far more profound changes in theology than Luther's reformation did. e. ignored Luther and instead pushed for change within Catholic guidelines.
b. was much more politically driven than Luther's reformation.
In the three hundred years after 1500, the population of India grew from 105 million to a. 115 million. b. 125 million. c. 190 million. d. 230 million. e. 285 million.
c. 190 million.
Over the course of the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was a. 60 percent. b. 50 percent. c. 25 percent. d. 10 percent. e. 3 percent.
c. 25 percent.
The Mughal empire reached its greatest geographic extent during the reign of a. Akbar. b. Shah Jahan. c. Aurangzeb. d. Shah Abbas. e. Zahir al-Din Muhammad.
c. Aurangzeb.
The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo, Afonso I, converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert as well? a. Islam b. Antonianism c. Christianity d. Judaism e. Buddhism
c. Christianity
The Spanish Inquisition was first established in 1478 by a. Charles V. b. Don Carlos. c. Fernando and Isabel. d. Philip II. e. Philip III.
c. Fernando and Isabel.
The city that stood as John Calvin's model Protestant community was a. Avignon. b. Paris. c. Geneva. d. Wittenberg. e. London.
c. Geneva.
Sikhism was a syncretic combination of a. Hinduism and Buddhism. b. Christianity and Hinduism. c. Hinduism and Islam. d. Islam and Buddhism. e. Buddhism and Christianity.
c. Hinduism and Islam.
The author of The Life of a Man Who Lived for Love was a. Tokugawa Ieyasu. b. Bunraku Ukiyo. c. Ihara Saikaku. d. Matteo Ricci. e. Zheng He.
c. Ihara Saikaku.
All Songhay emperors were a. Zoroastrian. b. Christian. c. Islamic. d. Antonian. e. traditional animistic.
c. Islamic.
The two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas were a. Lima and Chanchan. b. Mexico City and Cuzco. c. Lima and Mexico City. d. Tenochtitlan and Mexico City. e. Cuzco and Tehnochtitlan.
c. Lima and Mexico City.
The only place where a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery was a. Peru. b. Brazil. c. Saint-Domingue. d. Cuba. e. Virginia.
c. Saint-Domingue. haiti
The Safavids traced their ancestry back to the leader Safi al-Din, who was what religion? a. Buddhist b. Hindu c. Sufi d. Christian e. Jewish
c. Sufi
In 1368 the Ming dynasty replaced the __________ dynasty. a. Song b. Qing c. Yuan d. Tang e. Qin
c. Yuan
Islam and Christianity usually spread into sub-Saharan Africa a. because of the failure of Judaism to capture a larger audience. b. solely because of military conquest. c. as syncretic versions of the originals. d. as an uneasy and cumbersome mixture of Islamic and Christian concepts. e. as religions picked up by runaway slaves.
c. as syncretic versions of the originals.
The Fulani a. were the most feared of the slaves raiders who haunted coastal Africa. b. established the central African kingdom of Ndongo. c. attempted through military conquest to instill a strict form of Islam in Africa. d. fell victim to Swahili expansion. e. eventually failed in their mission of spreading Christianity.
c. attempted through military conquest to instill a strict form of Islam in Africa.
The arrival of the Europeans a. halted the slave market because of Christian rules against slavery. b. created a slave market where none had existed before. c. dramatically increased previously existing slave networks. d. had almost no influence on the slave networks. e. dramatically decreased the number of Africans sold into slavery.
c. dramatically increased previously existing slave networks.
The conquistadores a. established empires in Central and South America that lasted until the eighteenth century. b. lost control because of a bloody battle between the forces of Cortés and Pizarro. c. eventually lost control and were replaced by formal rule by the Spanish crown. d. eventually died of the very same smallpox that they had unwittingly introduced to the Americas. e. in turn were defeated by French forces.
c. eventually lost control and were replaced by formal rule by the Spanish crown.
The most important consequence of the Peace of Westphalia was a. laying the foundation for English control of most of the world. b. combining the Spanish and French thrones. c. promoting the notion that the European nations viewed each other as sovereign and equal. d. ending the carnage of the Seven Years' War. e. establishing an Anglo-French alliance that would last until World War I.
c. promoting the notion that the European nations viewed each other as sovereign and equal. and British homogeny
The phrase "Son of Heaven" refers to a. the near godlike status that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci reached in China. b. the explanation for the incredible appeal of Christianity in Japan. c. the Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth. d. the belief that the Japanese emperors were direct descendents of the sun goddess Amatarasu. e. the syncretic Christian-Buddhist religion.
c. the Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth.
Fatehpur Sikri was a. the garden tomb that Shah Jahan built to honor his favorite wife. b. the Sufi guru who served as Akbar's advisor. c. the capital city that Akbar built. d. the former pirate who served as Suleyman the Magnificent's leading admiral. e. Suleyman the Magnificent's favorite mistress.
c. the capital city that Akbar built.
Zahir al-Din Muhammad's main inspiration for conquering India was a. to be recognized as a ghazi. b. to act as a champion of Shiism. c. to win fame and conquer territory like his ancestor Chinggis Khan. d. to win converts for his own dream of a universal world religion. e. to form a united Indian and Chinese trading network.
c. to win fame and conquer territory like his ancestor Chinggis Khan.
The steppe tradition that caused the greatest problem for the Islamic empires a. was the devotion to Twelver Shiism. b. was the symbolic blood sacrifice. c. was the bloody competition among heirs to the throne. d. was the insistence on a particularly brutal form of slavery. e. was the practice of dividing up the land equally among all the sons of the nobles.
c. was the bloody competition among heirs to the throne.
The Portuguese referred to Ndongo as Angola because of the word ngola, which meant a. "gold." b. "slave." c. "impure." d. "king." e. "indigo."
d. "king."
The Manchus called their dynasty Qing, which meant a. "northern conqueror." b. "brilliant." c. "floating world." d. "pure." e. "the chosen."
d. "pure."
One of the factors that made African slavery different from the varieties practiced elsewhere was that a. African slavery was much more brutal than any other form of slavery. b. African slavery began much later than slavery in the rest of the world. c. African slavery was practiced almost entirely for religious rather than financial reasons. d. African law did not recognize private property and thus slaves served as a measure of personal wealth. e. African slavery didn't last very long.
d. African law did not recognize private property and thus slaves served as a measure of personal wealth.
In an effort to drive the Portuguese out of Ndongo, Queen Nzinga formed an alliance with the a. Kongoese. b. kingdom of Axum. c. kingdom of Zimbabwe. d. Dutch. e. kingdom of Mali.
d. Dutch.
In the sixteenth century, the Ottomans captured a. Constantinople and Otranto. b. Isfahan and Delhi. c. Greece and Italy. d. Egypt and Syria. e. Turkey and Persia.
d. Egypt and Syria.
This massive, fortified city in southern Africa dominated the gold trade in its region of the continent until the late fifteenth century. a. Mbanza b. Cape Town c. Ndongo d. Great Zimbabwe e. Jenne
d. Great Zimbabwe
The Ming dynasty was founded by a. Qinglong. b. Shihuangdi. c. Yongle. d. Hongwu. e. Kangxi.
d. Hongwu.
Taiwan was conquered by a. Hongwu. b. Wanli. c. Qianlong. d. Kangxi. e. Hongwu.
d. Kangxi
That planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular, was demonstrated by a. Galileo. b. Voltaire. c. Newton. d. Kepler. e. Descartes.
d. Kepler.
The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was a. John Calvin. b. Erasmus. c. Voltaire. d. Martin Luther. e. Henry VIII.
d. Martin Luther.
The word ghazi refers to a. the tax that non-Muslims paid in Islamic countries. b. Islamic merchants with protected social status in Ottoman society. c. the law codes of Suleyman. d. Muslim religious warriors. e. Akbar's universal religion.
d. Muslim religious warriors.
Which of the following sites in North America was originally a Dutch colony? a. Plymouth b. Jamestown c. Port Royal d. New York e. Quebec
d. New York
Catherine the Great's attempts at reform in Russia were essentially ended by a. the Great Northern War. b. the "Time of Troubles." c. the English Civil War. d. Pugachev's Rebellion. e. the Old Beliefs schism.
d. Pugachev's Rebellion.
The Islamic leader who converted to Twelver Shiism was a. Zahir al-Din Muhammad. b. Akbar. c. Selim the Grim. d. Shah Ismail. e. Shah Abbas.
d. Shah Ismail.
The most influential ruler in the rise of the Songhay empire was a. Sundiata. b. Nzinga. c. Mansa Musa. d. Sunni Ali. e. Affonso I.
d. Sunni Ali.
The first people of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish were the a. Maya. b. Aztecs. c. Inca. d. Taínos. e. Chimu.
d. Taínos.
The center of Islamic learning in West Africa was a. Kilwa. b. Jenne. c. Gao. d. Timbuktu. e. Mbanza.
d. Timbuktu.
The process known as "thinning out the rice shoots" refers to a. an agricultural innovation introduced by the Chinese. b. the Chinese decision to reduce the number of visiting Korean students. c. the Japanese decision to follow the Chinese tradition of limiting governmental positions. d. a Japanese attempt to limit population growth. e. a Japanese attempt to reduce the number of foreigners living in Japan.
d. a Japanese attempt to limit population growth. infanticide
Doña Marina was a. the first viceroy of the Spanish colonies in the Americas. b. the leading Spanish banker who funded exploration. c. the Portuguese explorer who first sighted Australia. d. a Mexican woman who aided Cortés in his conquest of the Aztecs. e. the nautical term for the dominant westerly wind that made voyages to the Americas faster.
d. a Mexican woman who aided Cortés in his conquest of the Aztecs.
One of the results of the peace brought by the Tokugawa period was a. a tremendous growth in European trade. b. an even greater political role for the samurai. c. the tripling of the Japanese population between 1600 and 1850. d. a reduction in status for the samurai and daimyo. e. a resurgence in daimyo authority.
d. a reduction in status for the samurai and daimyo.
The British initially made use of Australia a. because of its rich silver mines. b. because of its extraordinary agricultural abundance. c. as a busy port on the route from Acapulco to Manila. d. as a penal colony. e. as a tourist retreat.
d. as a penal colony.
The Ottomans took the Byzantine cathedral Hagia Sofia and a. burned it to the ground as part of the looting after Mehmed II's conquest. b. turned it into a special university for janissaries. c. restructured its configuration to become the great palace of the sultans. d. converted it into the mosque of Aya Sofya. e. used it as an astronomical observatory.
d. converted it into the mosque of Aya Sofya
Akbar's answer to the religious diversity and tension of India was to a. declare India an atheistic state. b. push Christianity in return for European-supplied advanced weapons. c. attempt to crush all Hindu resistance. d. create a syncretic religion called the "divine faith" that all could worship. e. convert to Twelver Shiism as a means of inspiring a sense of divine leadership.
d. create a syncretic religion called the "divine faith" that all could worship.
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all originally came from a. descendants of the prophet Muhammad. b. renegade Byzantine generals. c. offshoots of the older Mongol empires. d. nomadic, Turkish-speaking tribes. e. direct descendants of the powerful Indian conqueror Chandragupga Maurya.
d. nomadic, Turkish-speaking tribes.
The jizya was the tax paid by a. Muslims to Hindus as a means of fostering better relations between the two faiths. b. European merchants for access to trade through the Indian Ocean. c. Chinese merchants as a sort of bribe to allow them access to Indian markets. d. non-Muslims for being in an Islamic country. e. the Safavids to the Ottomans after their disastrous defeat at Chaldiran.
d. non-Muslims for being in an Islamic country.
The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity because a. of Matteo Ricci's refusal to respect Chinese traditions. b. by that time Islam had already made important inroads into China. c. of what had happened to Korea when they converted to Christianity. d. of Christianity's exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Daoism and Buddhism. e. of the monotheistic traditions of Confucianism.
d. of Christianity's exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Daoism and Buddhism.
Spanish migrants who were born in Europe were known as a. zambos. b. encomiendas. c. mestizos. d. peninsulares. e. mulattoes.
d. peninsulares. (peninsula, spain is a peninsula)
The system by which unfinished materials were delivered to rural households for production was known as the a. guild system. b. joint-stock company system. c. union system. d. putting-out system. e. countryside system.
d. putting-out system.
The rise in maritime trade in the early modern era in Africa a. ironically led to a decrease in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. b. led to the consolidation in the largest imperial states in African history. c. led to political chaos and the destruction of traditional African balance of power. d. resulted in regional kingdoms replacing the imperial states of west Africa. e. resulted in a new pattern in which the village became the principal political entity.
d. resulted in regional kingdoms replacing the imperial states of west Africa.
By 1800, the population of sub-Saharan Africa stood at a. twenty-one million. b. thirty-four million. c. forty-five million. d. sixty million. e. eighty-four million.
d. sixty million.
The explosion of witch-hunting in the sixteenth century was most probably caused by a. a dramatic increase in the practice of demonology. b. the publication of Copernicus's theories. c. the conquest of Spain by Islamic forces. d. tensions between Catholics and Protestants. e. the fear caused by the prominent role that women were increasingly playing in the Catholic church.
d. tensions between Catholics and Protestants.
At the battle of Chaldiran in 1514, a. the Byzantines temporarily captured Constantinople. b. Mehmed II captured the southern Italian port of Otranto. c. Zahir al-Din Muhammad conquered the leading Indian princes and unified India. d. the Ottomans defeated the Safavids. e. the Ottomans suffered a devastating defeat to the Spanish navy.
d. the Ottomans defeated the Safavids.
Which of the following conflicts is the largest war to unfold in the wake of the Peace of Westphalia? a. the English Civil War b. the Thirty Years' War c. the Hundred Years' War d. the Seven Years' War e. the Glorious Revolution
d. the Seven Years' War
The Council of Trent a. rooted out the Arian heresy. b. successfully reached a compromise in the early Protestant movement between Luther and Calvin. c. played a key role in Henry VIII's break with the Catholic church. d. took steps to reform the Catholic church. e. launched the witch-hunts of the sixteenth century.
d. took steps to reform the Catholic church.
Foreign trade during the Qing dynasty a. was carried out exclusively with the Europeans. b. was actively supported by the government and grew much larger than ever before. c. was based on free market principles. d. was limited and under tight governmental control. e. was fueled by the payment of valuable Chinese silver in return for imports.
d. was limited and under tight governmental control.
Ninety-five percent of the condemned witches were a. men. b. Catholics. c. Protestants. d. women. e. Muslims.
d. women.
In founding his new dynasty, Hongwu chose the name Ming, which meant a. "all-powerful." b. "mandate of heaven." c. "center of the universe." d. "son of heaven." e. "brilliant."
e. "brilliant."
The leader of England during the attempted invasion of the Spanish Armada was a. Henry VIII. b. Charles II. c. Mary I. d. James II. e. Elizabeth I.
e. Elizabeth I.
Which of the following states developed constitutional governments in the seventeenth century? a. England and France b. Spain and the Netherlands c. Russia and Italy d. the Netherlands and France e. England and the Netherlands
e. England and the Netherlands
What Islamic city was the most precious jewel for urban architectural development? a. Istanbul b. Delhi c. Alexandria d. Bursa e. Isfahan
e. Isfahan
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all a. Christian. b. anamistic. c. Zoroastrian. d. Buddhist. e. Islamic.
e. Islamic.
Versailles was the magnificent royal palace of a. Charles I. b. Frederick the Great. c. Peter the Great. d. Francis I. e. Louis XIV.
e. Louis XIV.
The individual associated with the phrase "l'état, c'est moi" was a. Charles V. b. Philip II. c. Cardinal Richelieu. d. Charles I. e. Louis XIV.
e. Louis XIV. THE SUN KING
Who sought to convert China to Christianity? a. Zhu Xi. b. Qianlong. c. Ihara Saikaku. d. Basho Matsuo. e. Matteo Ricci.
e. Matteo Ricci.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres was written by a. Ptolemy. b. Galileo Galilei. c. Isaac Newton. d. Jonathan Swift. e. Nicolaus Copernicus.
e. Nicolaus Copernicus.
The conquistador who conquered the Inca was a. Balboa. b. Cortes. c. Cabral. d. Magellan. e. Pizarro.
e. Pizarro.
The first European slave traders were the a. English. b. Spanish. c. French. d. Dutch. e. Portuguese.
e. Portuguese.
The leader of the Safavid empire at its peak was a. Shah Ismail. b. Aurangzeb. c. Akbar. d. Ibraham the Crazy. e. Shah Abbas.
e. Shah Abbas.
Which of the following was not true of the American Indians that the English and French came into contact with? a. The North American Indians did not have large, centralized states like the Aztecs and Inca. b. The North American Indians did not live in densely populated areas. c. The Indians practiced agriculture, but moved frequently in pursuit of game. d. The Indians lived in dozens of distinct societies. e. The Indians guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than the Europeans did.
e. The Indians guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than the Europeans did. `
Which of the following was not an accomplishment of the Fulani? a. They promoted the spread of Islam from the cities to the countryside. b. They founded powerful states in Senegal, Mali, and northern Nigeria. c. They established schools to study the Quran. d. They strengthened Islam in sub-Saharan Africa. e. They eliminated the traditional elements of syncretic Islam.
e. They eliminated the traditional elements of syncretic Islam.
The founder of the Mughal dynasty, and a descendant of Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane, was a. Safi al-Din. b. Shah Ismail. c. Akbar. d. Osman Bey. e. Zahir al-Din Muhammad.
e. Zahir al-Din Muhammad.
Hurrem Sultana was a. the founder of the Mughal dynasty. b. the Turkish term for the law codes of Suleyman the Magnificent. c. the most powerful ruler of the Safavid empire. d. the magnificent mosque built in Istanbul by Suleyman the Magnificent. e. a concubine who had tremendous influence over Suleyman the Magnificent.
e. a concubine who had tremendous influence over Suleyman the Magnificent.
The population of the Caribbean went from about 4 million in 1492 to _______ in the 1540s. a. 8 million b. 5 million c. 4 million d. 2 million e. a few thousand
e. a few thousand
Thomas Peters was a. a wealthy plantation owner who became the largest slave owner in the Carolinas. b. the captain of the first ship to bring slaves to North America. c. an American congressman who played a key role in drafting legislation to end the slave trade. d. the author of The Crime of Slavery. e. central in promoting the establishment of a colony for ex-slaves in Sierra Leone.
e. central in promoting the establishment of a colony for ex-slaves in Sierra Leone.
After the arrival of the Europeans, a. the east Asian societies quickly fell under indirect European economic control. b. the rapid spread of Christianity threatened the very survival of Buddhism. c. the east Asian societies immediately fell under direct European control. d. the east Asian societies quickly copied the ways of the more advanced Europeans. e. east Asian societies largely controlled their own affairs until the nineteenth century.
e. east Asian societies largely controlled their own affairs until the nineteenth century.
King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo was best known for a. his rebellion against Portuguese rule. b. his alliance with the British. c. his fascination with Islam. d. his development of a powerful navy. e. his conversion to Catholicism.
e. his conversion to Catholicism.
The métis were a. French Jesuit missionaries. b. migrants who had been born in Europe. c. the Spanish administrative officials who reported back directly to the king. d. the French equivalents of the peninsulares. e. individuals of French and indigenous parentage.
e. individuals of French and indigenous parentage.
Charles V was the a. pope who called the Council of Trent to address abuses in the Catholic church. b. Spanish king who attempted to invade England in 1588. c. English king who broke with the Catholic church for political reasons. d. Portuguese leader who supported exploration down Africa's west coast. e. leader who tried, but failed, to centralize authority in the Holy Roman Empire.
e. leader who tried, but failed, to centralize authority in the Holy Roman Empire.
The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the a. need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire. b. threat posed by Islam. c. need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt. d. expense associated with translating original Greek classics. e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter's basilica.
e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter's basilica.
Beginning in the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries, Japanese foreign policy included all of the following except a. forbidding Japanese travel overseas. b. a prohibition on the construction of ships. c. a ban on the importation of foreign books. d. careful control of trade with Asian lands. e. open, vibrant trade with Europeans.
e. open, vibrant trade with Europeans.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, a. women achieved a level of equality and freedom never seen before in Chinese history. b. women had many more literary and cultural opportunities than ever before. c. the role of women was fashioned after the prevailing pattern in Japan. d. the greater freedom for women was a reflection of European influence. e. patriarchal authority over females became tighter than ever before.
e. patriarchal authority over females became tighter than ever before.
The vast majority of slaves a. died during the middle passage. b. were employed in the mines of Central and South America. c. became domestic servants. d. were trained for simple, bureaucratic work. e. provided agricultural labor on plantations.
e. provided agricultural labor on plantations.
To provide labor for their sugar plantations, the Portuguese a. offered higher wages than their Spanish counterparts did. b. copied the Spanish encomiendas. c. made extensive use of indentured servants. d. copied the Spanish repartimiento system. e. relied on imported African slaves as laborers.
e. relied on imported African slaves as laborers.
The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb a. carried on the policy of religious toleration created by Akbar. b. built the magnificent Taj Mahal to honor his wife Mumtaz Mahal. c. converted to Hinduism. d. was victorious in the battle of Chaldiran against the Safavids. e. reversed the religious toleration of Akbar and began to tax the Hindus.
e. reversed the religious toleration of Akbar and began to tax the Hindus.
The Indian population in what is now the United States stood at five million to ten million in 1492 and at ________ in 1800. a. fifteen million b. ten million c. eight million d. six million e. six-hundred thousand
e. six-hundred thousand
Khayr al-Din Barbarossa Pasha was a. the architect who helped Suleyman rebuild Istanbul. b. the founder of the Safavid dynasty. c. the slave who helped Suleyman create his famed law codes. d. the greatest Ottoman poet. e. the admiral who carried Ottoman naval power into the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean.
e. the admiral who carried Ottoman naval power into the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean.
The power of the viceroys was checked by reviews conducted by a. the mestizo. b. the zambos. c. the encomiendas. d. the conquistadores. e. the audiencias.
e. the audiencias.
The fundamental principle of diplomacy in early modern Europe was a. French domination. b. the Auld Alliance. c. raison d'etat. d. the Anglo-French alliance. e. the balance of power.
e. the balance of power.
An alliance with Portugal brought wealth and foreign recognition to Kongo, as well as a. the right to limit the slave trade. b. an inroad into European politics. c. a later alliance with the English. d. a diplomatic connection to the Spanish. e. the eventual destruction of the kingdom.
e. the eventual destruction of the kingdom.
China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties because a. of the collapse of the civil service examination system. b. the Europeans refused to share their advanced technology with the Chinese. c. of a massive Qing-forced exile of intellectuals as part of a governmental crackdown. d. of the efforts of an ingenious Japanese spy network. e. the governments favored political and social stability over technological innovation.
e. the governments favored political and social stability over technological innovation.
Which one of the following was not one of the pillars of the Catholic Reformation? a. the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas b. the Council of Trent c. the Society of Jesus d. the efforts of St. Ignatius Loyola e. the religious fervor of the Renaissance popes
e. the religious fervor of the Renaissance popes
How many Africans were forcefully brought to the Americas as part of the trans-Atlantic slave trade? a. less than one million b. one million c. two million d. four million e. twelve million
e. twelve million
Throughout most of history, the majority of slaves came from a. religious obligations to traditional, usually animistic, gods. b. traditional outcast portions of society. c. the poor who were forced to sell themselves into servitude to repay huge debts. d. renegade members of the royal family. e. war captives.
e. war captives.
The English, French, and Dutch a. were like the Spanish in that they viewed the Americas as a land to exploit rather than a place to settle. b. did not play a role in the Americas until the mid-eighteenth century. c. never showed any serious interest in the Americas. d. discovered gold and silver mines that rivaled the Spanish claims. e. were more interested in setting up permanent colonies than the Spanish.
e. were more interested in setting up permanent colonies than the Spanish.