Unit 5: Cell Division

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A haploid cell has six chromosomes. It undergoes fertilization. How many chromosomes does the new cell have after the two parent cells have fused? 3 24 12 6

12 The two parent cells each had 6 chromosomes, so the new cell has 12

Which scenario would not be a situation in which a body cell would undergo mitosis? A toddler grows an inch taller. A fertilized egg grows into a baby. A cut on the skin heals. A man produces sperm cells.

A man produces sperm cells.

Would a cancerous cell need to proceed through all the stages of the cell cycle? A. Yes, because each step is required in order for the cell to divide. B. Yes, because that is what makes a cell cancerous. C. No, because cancer cells do not divide. D. No, because cancer cells divide too quickly to complete the entire cell cycle.

A. Yes, because each step is required in order for the cell to divide.

Chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell

Anaphase

In this process of mitosis, sister chromatids are separated and move to opposites sides of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Anaphase

In some organisms, haploid cells undergo mitosis. What would be the result of mitosis of a haploid cell? Another haploid nucleus in the same cell Two haploid nuclei in two separate cells Two diploid nuclei in two separate cells Another diploid nucleus in the same cell

Another haploid nucleus in the same cell

Why must gametes be produced through meiosis? A. Because meiosis produces four identical daughter cells B. Because gametes are used for sexual reproduction C. Because gametes are the cells that help the body of an organism grow C. To ensure that old, damaged cells that help the body grow are replaced with cells that are of the same type and can perform the same function

B. Because gametes are used for sexual reproduction

Which information about a chromosome could help you determine whether a cell was in G1 or G2? A. The chromosome was in the nucleus. B. The chromosome had two chromatids. C. The DNA was wrapped around histones. D.The DNA contained genetic information.

B. The chromosome had two chromatids.

How do the daughter cells produced at the end of mitosis compare to the parent cell at the beginning of mitosis? A. They are not genetically identical, but they both have replicated DNA. B. They are identical genetically, and they both have replicated DNA. C. They are identical genetically, but the daughter cells do not have replicated DNA. D. They are identical genetically, but the parent cell does not have replicated DNA.

C. They are identical genetically, but the daughter cells do not have replicated DNA.

In which stage of the cell cycle are new daughter cells formed? A. Cytokinesis B. S C. M C. G2 D. G1

Cytokinesis

Which stage of the cell cycle would produce the cell membrane or cell wall to divide a cell into two cells? Synthesis Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis

Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when the cell _____________________. A. ceases to function B. undergoes mitosis C. divides its cytoplasm D. grows and duplicates its DNA

D. grows and duplicates its DNA

Chromosomes are made up of two major parts: _____________ and _____________ called ______________

DNA and proteins and histones

True or False Homologous chromosomes contain identical DNA. True False

False

Two haploid cells can combine to form a diploid cell. What is this process called? Meiosis Mitosis Cytokinesis Fertilization

Fertilization

Which event occurs to change a haploid cell to a diploid cell? Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis

Fertilization

____________ occurs when the egg and sperm unite mitosis Fertilization meiosis

Fertilization

In ____________, the cell is actively growing and producing enzymes and other components needed for the next stages of the cell cycle

G1

This is the growth phase of interphase in the cell cycle when the cell increases in size and makes proteins and organelles needed for cell function

G1

At what point in interphase does the cell contain the least amount of DNA? G2 G1 S

G1 During G1, the DNA has not yet replicated

interphase includes two different growth phases and a period in which the DNA itself is replicated or synthesized what are the three phases?

G1, G2, and the S phase

three phases of interphase

G1, S, G2

Cells 5 major stages of development

G1, synthesis (S), G2, mitosis (M), and cytokinesis

During this step, the cell grows and builds proteins and checks DNA for duplication errors. Cytokinesis Mitosis S G2 G1

G2

Trick to remember cell cycle sequence of Interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

I pretend my animals talk

Each chromosome was duplicated during ___________

Interphase

Which event changes a diploid cell to a haploid cell? Fertilization Mitosis Meiosis

Meiosis

____________, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that prepares an organism for sexual reproduction

Meiosis

Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Metaphase

In this process of mitosis, Chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Metaphase

__________ is so named because the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Metaphase

About 10% of a cells life cycle is spent in this phase, what is it?

Mitosis

At the end of this process, two nuclei are present. Mitosis G2 Cytokinesis G1 S

Mitosis

During this step, sister chromatids separate. Mitosis S Cytokinesis G1 G2

Mitosis

In the life of a human, which event is most common? Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis

Mitosis

What is the name of the process of asexual cell division that results in daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell? Interphase Meiosis Mitosis

Mitosis

Which stage of the cell cycle separates the genetic material into two nuclei? Cytokinesis Interphase Synthesis Mitosis

Mitosis

__________ is the process of dividing a parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells

Mitosis

____________ begins when DNA condenses into chromosomes visible under a light microscope

Mitosis

_____________ divides this duplicated DNA to produce two daughter cells with identical genetic information as the parent cell

Mitosis

___________ separates the DNA into two identical copies in two nuclei; ____________ separates the nuclei into two new cells.

Mitosis and cytokinesis

A cell has a nuclear membrane, but it is beginning to disintegrate. During which stage does this process occur? Prophase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase

Prophase

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Prophase

During ___________ the nuclear membrane disappears Prophase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase

Prophase

In this process of mitosis, chromosomes condense Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase

In this stage of mitosis, the nucleus is broken down, the chromosomes condense, and the mitotic spindles form Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase

Which two types of molecules make up a chromosome? Protein Carbohydrate Nucleic acid Lipid

Protein and Nucleic acid

During this step, DNA is duplicated. Cytokinesis S Mitosis G1 G2

S

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? G1 S G2 M

S

During the __________ of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA

S phase

During this phase, the chromosomes are duplicated

S phase

In this phase of interphase in the cell cycle, it is where the DNA undergoes replication in preparation for cell division

S phase

This results in two sister chromatids that are attached to each other at the centromere. In order to divide these sister chromatids into two separate cells, the cell goes through ___________

S phase mitosis

Which stages are included in interphase? (Select all that apply.) S Mitosis G1 G2 Cytokinesis

S, G1, G2

A cell has two clusters of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell. During which stage does this process occur? Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase

Telophase

In this process of mitosis, New nuclear membranes are formed around the clusters of chromosomes on each side of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Telophase

Nuclei reform

Telophase

Which statement describes the cell cycle of a cancerous cell? The cell cycle stops completely. The cell cycle runs backward. The cell cycle continues without checkpoints to slow it. The cell cycle proceeds at a very slow rate.

The cell cycle continues without checkpoints to slow it.

A cell has just completed the S phase. What does this mean? The cell will definitely have chromosomes made of two sister chromatids. The cell will definitely have two nuclei. The cell will definitely have homologous chromosomes. The cell will definitely have chromosomes with two centromeres each.

The cell will definitely have chromosomes made of two sister chromatids.

Which of the following statements is true of the cell produced from the fusion of the 2 parent cells? [The original parent cells had 6 chromosomes each]. This cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes. This cell has 3 pairs of homologous chromosomes. This cell has 3 pairs of sister chromatids. This cell has 6 pairs of sister chromatids.

This cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes.

True or False Sister chromatids contain identical DNA. True False

True

Mitosis produces _________ cells, while meiosis produces ___________ cells

Two and four

What is the product of cytokinesis? Two nuclei Two sets of DNA Two mitochondria Two cells

Two cells

What is the product of mitosis? Two nuclei that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus Two nuclei that have twice the number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus Four nuclei that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus Two nuclei that are identical to the parent nucleus

Two nuclei that are identical to the parent nucleus

A cell has sister chromatids that have just separated. During which stage does this process occur? Prophase Telophase Anaphase Metaphase

anaphase

During ___________, the sister chromatids separate Prophase Telophase Anaphase Metaphase

anaphase

During ___________, the sister chromatids separate from each other so they are no longer joined together at the centromere. These individual single chromatid chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

anaphase

During _____________, the chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell

anaphase

when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

anaphase

A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring are created from a single parent

asexual reproduction

Each copy of the chromosome is called a ____________

chromatid

tightly coiled form of the DNA-protein complex

chromosomes

The division of the cytoplasm of a cell at the end of mitosis to form two separate daughter cells

cytokinesis

The product of this step is two separate cells. G1 G2 Mitosis S Cytokinesis

cytokinesis

In prokaryotic cells, chromosomes are located in a particular area of the _____________

cytoplasm

In each of your cells, you have two copies of each of your chromosome: one copy from each parent. That status of having two copies of each chromosome is called __________

diploid

Some cells have only one copy of each chromosome. These cells are called __________

haploid

About 90% of a cell's life cycle is spent in a stage called __________

interphase

During this phase, cells are preparing to divide

interphase

During this phase, the cell grows, acquires nutrients, and replicates both its chromosomes as well as its organelles.

interphase

G1, S, and G2, together, these three phases are called ____________

interphase

The cell cycle is the "________ cycle" of a cell

life

Egg and sperm cells are produced through _________ mitosis Fertilization meiosis

meiosis

The chromosomes are lining up in the middle of the cell

metaphase

A skin cell would divide to make more skin cells using the process of __________. mitosis fertilization meiosis

mitosis

A type of cellular division in which a single diploid somatic cell is divided into two genetically identical daughter cells.

mitosis

Once the cell has copied its DNA and has ensured that all necessary components are in place, it is ready to split the single nucleus into two separate nuclei. This process is called ____________

mitosis

When somatic cells divide, they go through the process of ___________, which is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

mitosis

In eukaryotic cells, the chromosomes are contained inside an organelle called a ___________

nucleus

During ____________, as the chromosomes are condensing, the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

prophase

Mitosis begins when the chromosomes condense during ____________

prophase

The nucleolus is gone and chromosomes are becoming visible. Centrioles begin moving toward the poles of the cell

prophase

Four stages of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

The next stage of interphase is the S phase; the "S" refers to _____________ because this is the stage of the cell cycle that a duplicate copy of the chromosomes is built

synthesis

During ____________, the chromosomes are separated and begin to form two separate nuclei Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase

telophase

The chromosomes will reach the poles of the cell and nuclei will form

telophase

After S phase, each chromosome will consist of _____ (how many?) chromatid(s). one two four

two


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