Unit 5: Cell Division
.
.
A haploid cell has six chromosomes. It undergoes fertilization. How many chromosomes does the new cell have after the two parent cells have fused? 3 24 12 6
12 The two parent cells each had 6 chromosomes, so the new cell has 12
Which scenario would not be a situation in which a body cell would undergo mitosis? A toddler grows an inch taller. A fertilized egg grows into a baby. A cut on the skin heals. A man produces sperm cells.
A man produces sperm cells.
Would a cancerous cell need to proceed through all the stages of the cell cycle? A. Yes, because each step is required in order for the cell to divide. B. Yes, because that is what makes a cell cancerous. C. No, because cancer cells do not divide. D. No, because cancer cells divide too quickly to complete the entire cell cycle.
A. Yes, because each step is required in order for the cell to divide.
Chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase
In this process of mitosis, sister chromatids are separated and move to opposites sides of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Anaphase
In some organisms, haploid cells undergo mitosis. What would be the result of mitosis of a haploid cell? Another haploid nucleus in the same cell Two haploid nuclei in two separate cells Two diploid nuclei in two separate cells Another diploid nucleus in the same cell
Another haploid nucleus in the same cell
Why must gametes be produced through meiosis? A. Because meiosis produces four identical daughter cells B. Because gametes are used for sexual reproduction C. Because gametes are the cells that help the body of an organism grow C. To ensure that old, damaged cells that help the body grow are replaced with cells that are of the same type and can perform the same function
B. Because gametes are used for sexual reproduction
Which information about a chromosome could help you determine whether a cell was in G1 or G2? A. The chromosome was in the nucleus. B. The chromosome had two chromatids. C. The DNA was wrapped around histones. D.The DNA contained genetic information.
B. The chromosome had two chromatids.
How do the daughter cells produced at the end of mitosis compare to the parent cell at the beginning of mitosis? A. They are not genetically identical, but they both have replicated DNA. B. They are identical genetically, and they both have replicated DNA. C. They are identical genetically, but the daughter cells do not have replicated DNA. D. They are identical genetically, but the parent cell does not have replicated DNA.
C. They are identical genetically, but the daughter cells do not have replicated DNA.
In which stage of the cell cycle are new daughter cells formed? A. Cytokinesis B. S C. M C. G2 D. G1
Cytokinesis
Which stage of the cell cycle would produce the cell membrane or cell wall to divide a cell into two cells? Synthesis Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when the cell _____________________. A. ceases to function B. undergoes mitosis C. divides its cytoplasm D. grows and duplicates its DNA
D. grows and duplicates its DNA
Chromosomes are made up of two major parts: _____________ and _____________ called ______________
DNA and proteins and histones
True or False Homologous chromosomes contain identical DNA. True False
False
Two haploid cells can combine to form a diploid cell. What is this process called? Meiosis Mitosis Cytokinesis Fertilization
Fertilization
Which event occurs to change a haploid cell to a diploid cell? Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis
Fertilization
____________ occurs when the egg and sperm unite mitosis Fertilization meiosis
Fertilization
In ____________, the cell is actively growing and producing enzymes and other components needed for the next stages of the cell cycle
G1
This is the growth phase of interphase in the cell cycle when the cell increases in size and makes proteins and organelles needed for cell function
G1
At what point in interphase does the cell contain the least amount of DNA? G2 G1 S
G1 During G1, the DNA has not yet replicated
interphase includes two different growth phases and a period in which the DNA itself is replicated or synthesized what are the three phases?
G1, G2, and the S phase
three phases of interphase
G1, S, G2
Cells 5 major stages of development
G1, synthesis (S), G2, mitosis (M), and cytokinesis
During this step, the cell grows and builds proteins and checks DNA for duplication errors. Cytokinesis Mitosis S G2 G1
G2
Trick to remember cell cycle sequence of Interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
I pretend my animals talk
Each chromosome was duplicated during ___________
Interphase
Which event changes a diploid cell to a haploid cell? Fertilization Mitosis Meiosis
Meiosis
____________, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that prepares an organism for sexual reproduction
Meiosis
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
Metaphase
In this process of mitosis, Chromosomes are moved to the center of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Metaphase
__________ is so named because the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Metaphase
About 10% of a cells life cycle is spent in this phase, what is it?
Mitosis
At the end of this process, two nuclei are present. Mitosis G2 Cytokinesis G1 S
Mitosis
During this step, sister chromatids separate. Mitosis S Cytokinesis G1 G2
Mitosis
In the life of a human, which event is most common? Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis
Mitosis
What is the name of the process of asexual cell division that results in daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell? Interphase Meiosis Mitosis
Mitosis
Which stage of the cell cycle separates the genetic material into two nuclei? Cytokinesis Interphase Synthesis Mitosis
Mitosis
__________ is the process of dividing a parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells
Mitosis
____________ begins when DNA condenses into chromosomes visible under a light microscope
Mitosis
_____________ divides this duplicated DNA to produce two daughter cells with identical genetic information as the parent cell
Mitosis
___________ separates the DNA into two identical copies in two nuclei; ____________ separates the nuclei into two new cells.
Mitosis and cytokinesis
A cell has a nuclear membrane, but it is beginning to disintegrate. During which stage does this process occur? Prophase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase
Prophase
Chromosomes condense and become visible
Prophase
During ___________ the nuclear membrane disappears Prophase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase
Prophase
In this process of mitosis, chromosomes condense Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Prophase
In this stage of mitosis, the nucleus is broken down, the chromosomes condense, and the mitotic spindles form Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Prophase
Which two types of molecules make up a chromosome? Protein Carbohydrate Nucleic acid Lipid
Protein and Nucleic acid
During this step, DNA is duplicated. Cytokinesis S Mitosis G1 G2
S
In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? G1 S G2 M
S
During the __________ of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA
S phase
During this phase, the chromosomes are duplicated
S phase
In this phase of interphase in the cell cycle, it is where the DNA undergoes replication in preparation for cell division
S phase
This results in two sister chromatids that are attached to each other at the centromere. In order to divide these sister chromatids into two separate cells, the cell goes through ___________
S phase mitosis
Which stages are included in interphase? (Select all that apply.) S Mitosis G1 G2 Cytokinesis
S, G1, G2
A cell has two clusters of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell. During which stage does this process occur? Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase
Telophase
In this process of mitosis, New nuclear membranes are formed around the clusters of chromosomes on each side of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Telophase
Nuclei reform
Telophase
Which statement describes the cell cycle of a cancerous cell? The cell cycle stops completely. The cell cycle runs backward. The cell cycle continues without checkpoints to slow it. The cell cycle proceeds at a very slow rate.
The cell cycle continues without checkpoints to slow it.
A cell has just completed the S phase. What does this mean? The cell will definitely have chromosomes made of two sister chromatids. The cell will definitely have two nuclei. The cell will definitely have homologous chromosomes. The cell will definitely have chromosomes with two centromeres each.
The cell will definitely have chromosomes made of two sister chromatids.
Which of the following statements is true of the cell produced from the fusion of the 2 parent cells? [The original parent cells had 6 chromosomes each]. This cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes. This cell has 3 pairs of homologous chromosomes. This cell has 3 pairs of sister chromatids. This cell has 6 pairs of sister chromatids.
This cell has 6 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
True or False Sister chromatids contain identical DNA. True False
True
Mitosis produces _________ cells, while meiosis produces ___________ cells
Two and four
What is the product of cytokinesis? Two nuclei Two sets of DNA Two mitochondria Two cells
Two cells
What is the product of mitosis? Two nuclei that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus Two nuclei that have twice the number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus Four nuclei that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus Two nuclei that are identical to the parent nucleus
Two nuclei that are identical to the parent nucleus
A cell has sister chromatids that have just separated. During which stage does this process occur? Prophase Telophase Anaphase Metaphase
anaphase
During ___________, the sister chromatids separate Prophase Telophase Anaphase Metaphase
anaphase
During ___________, the sister chromatids separate from each other so they are no longer joined together at the centromere. These individual single chromatid chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
anaphase
During _____________, the chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell
anaphase
when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
anaphase
A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring are created from a single parent
asexual reproduction
Each copy of the chromosome is called a ____________
chromatid
tightly coiled form of the DNA-protein complex
chromosomes
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell at the end of mitosis to form two separate daughter cells
cytokinesis
The product of this step is two separate cells. G1 G2 Mitosis S Cytokinesis
cytokinesis
In prokaryotic cells, chromosomes are located in a particular area of the _____________
cytoplasm
In each of your cells, you have two copies of each of your chromosome: one copy from each parent. That status of having two copies of each chromosome is called __________
diploid
Some cells have only one copy of each chromosome. These cells are called __________
haploid
About 90% of a cell's life cycle is spent in a stage called __________
interphase
During this phase, cells are preparing to divide
interphase
During this phase, the cell grows, acquires nutrients, and replicates both its chromosomes as well as its organelles.
interphase
G1, S, and G2, together, these three phases are called ____________
interphase
The cell cycle is the "________ cycle" of a cell
life
Egg and sperm cells are produced through _________ mitosis Fertilization meiosis
meiosis
The chromosomes are lining up in the middle of the cell
metaphase
A skin cell would divide to make more skin cells using the process of __________. mitosis fertilization meiosis
mitosis
A type of cellular division in which a single diploid somatic cell is divided into two genetically identical daughter cells.
mitosis
Once the cell has copied its DNA and has ensured that all necessary components are in place, it is ready to split the single nucleus into two separate nuclei. This process is called ____________
mitosis
When somatic cells divide, they go through the process of ___________, which is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
mitosis
In eukaryotic cells, the chromosomes are contained inside an organelle called a ___________
nucleus
During ____________, as the chromosomes are condensing, the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
prophase
Mitosis begins when the chromosomes condense during ____________
prophase
The nucleolus is gone and chromosomes are becoming visible. Centrioles begin moving toward the poles of the cell
prophase
Four stages of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The next stage of interphase is the S phase; the "S" refers to _____________ because this is the stage of the cell cycle that a duplicate copy of the chromosomes is built
synthesis
During ____________, the chromosomes are separated and begin to form two separate nuclei Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase
telophase
The chromosomes will reach the poles of the cell and nuclei will form
telophase
After S phase, each chromosome will consist of _____ (how many?) chromatid(s). one two four
two
