Unit 5 Test APHG
The percentage of the labor force in the United States that works directly in agriculture is
2-5%
What conclusion can one make with regard to the connection between the second agricultural revolution and the Industrial Revolution?
Advancements in agricultural production help feed the expanding population, Technological advances helped increase agricultural production
What was the advantage of domesticating animals?
Animals provide meat, animals provide milk, animals provide furs and skins, animals were bests of burden
Due to the overharvesting of fish stocks and increased demand for seafood, what form of agriculture has substantially grown in the last thirty years?
Aquaculture
Mediterranean agricultural products are grown in
Chile, the central valley of california, southern spain, north africa
Horticulture could potentially iclude
Mediterranean agriculture, maket gardening, and trucket farming
Clustered rural settlements are most commonly associated with
New England
Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, Dairy agriculture would dominate in
New England and upstate New York
Market gardening dominates in
New Jersey and Delaware, parts of florida, the west coast of michigan, the central valley of california
The region with the lowest percent of labor force directly engaged in agriculture is
North America
On a global scale most organic products are sold in
North America and Europe
Areas of the world traditionally known for their circular rural land use patterns include
Northern Germany and sub-Saharan africa
_______ has increased its production by 20% per year for the last 20 years.
Organic agriculture
Which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia?
Sheep and Goat
Shifting cultivation is still practiced in many parts of
South America
Which region is not a major dairy producing area?
Southeast United States
Agricultural first diffused to Europe from
Southwest Asia
All of the following were vegetative planning (root crop) hearths except
Southwest Asia
What area of the world first incorporated domestication of both plants and animals?
Southwest Asia
Township and range land division system most closely resembles what type of geometric pattern on the landscape?
Square
The region of the world that benefited the least from the Green Revolution was
Sub- Saharan Africa
In the last twenty years the region of the world that has experienced a decline in food production compared to population growth is
Sub-Saharan Africa
What is the best reason for why many dairy farmers in Wisconsin choose to produce butter and cheese rather than fresh milk?
The entire country is their market area for these products
According to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication
The process was gradual, A number of independent hearths were established, hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity
Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning the invention of agriculture?
The process was gradual, there were multiple hearths throughout the world
Livestock ranching and pastoral nomadism both
exist in environments too harsh for crop production
Market gardening farms are located close to large urban areas because
expensive land costs force farmers to grow crops with a higher profit margin, of the highly perishable nature of their crops, transport costs,are high due to special handling requirements, farmers need large amounts of capital for specialized machinery
All of the following are ways for a country or region to increase the food supply except
increase farm subsidies
Boserup theorized that when population increased in a subsistence agriculturally based community the level of technology and labor efforts must
increase to meet the demands of increased population pressures.
Globalization impacts dairy farming in all of the following ways except
increased the number of dairy cattle in the United States and the UK
The most practiced economic activity in the world is
intensive subsistence agriculture
The process by which people engaged in shifting cultivation plant crops of varying heights in order to protect lower crops is called
interillage
Globalization has impacted and changed agricultural practices with the respect to planation agriculture by
increased concentration of ownership from MDC companies, increased machinery, displacing more workers, increasing migration rates from rural to urban areas
The trend whereby large corporations buy and control many different steps in a food- processing industry is commonly referred to as
agribusiness
Swidden agriculture refers to
clearing land to farm using slash and burn techniques, only farming cleared land for one or two years
Shifting cultivation is a threatened form of agriculture because
competition for resources from logging and mining companies, population increase
Grain produced in the United States is used for all of the following except it is
consumed predominately by local communities throughout the Midwest
All of the following are environmental impacts of commercial farming except
contribution to the urban heat island effect
Hog production is nearly nonexistent in Southwest Asia and North Africa because
cultural taboos exist on eating pork
Agriculture is affected by all the following except
cultural taboos, distance to the market, political policies, level of economic development
Subsistence agriculture dominates in
less developed countries
Legal crops such as coffee, tea, and tobacco grown on plantations in the tropics for export to More Developed Countries are commonly referred to as
luxury crops
The primary purpose of commercial agriculture is to
make a profit
The farm crisis in the United States during the late 1970s and 1980s resulted in
many family farms going bankrupt, corporate farms playing a larger role in rural America, increased size of the average farm, making if more difficult for an individual to become a farmer
Pastoral nomadism is a threatened way of life because
of competition for resources, the nomads often cross international borders, it is not an economically viable livelihood, increased population pressures
Pastoral nomads and livestock ranchers both
operate most efficiently in similar climates
Pastoral nomads potentially contribute to desertification by
overgrazing
All of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except
paddy rice farming
The agriculture practice most commonly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is
paddy rice farming
All of the following are forms of farm subsidies except
paying farmers to grow specialty crops
Commercial agriculture practiced in the tropics and subtopics is called
plantation agriculture
Boserup's basic thesis with respect to the population growth in cultures that practiced subsistence agriculture was that
population increase would be accompanied by an increase in how intensely land would be used
Strategies used to increase the supply of food for a country include
putting more land into production, increasing the yield of land under cultivation, identifying new food sources, increasing food imports
The goal of sustainable agriculture is to
reduce pesticide and fertilizer usage, help preserve the social fabric of rural communities, preserve the long-term productivity of the land, return to a better system of integrating crops and livestock
Extensive subsistence agriculture predominates in
semi-arid deserts
Pastoral nomads predominate in
semi-arid deserts, deserts
Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, market gardening would be located in
southeastern states
Using the von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume London, England, and Paris, France is the single market for Europe. Dairy agriculture would be located in
southern England.
The two most widely used and distributed Genetically Modified Organisms crops are
soybeans and corn
Another name for truck farming is
specialty farming, market gardening, commercial gardening and fruit farming, intensive commercial agriculture
Today circular rural settlements are most commonly associated with
sub-Saharan africa
Growing only enough food to feed your family is an example of
subsistence agriculture
The most important large-scale comercial wheat producing countries in the world include all of the following except
switzerland
The main difference between coffee and tea is that
tea is consumed where it is produced
The modern definition of agriculture includes
the deliberate domestication of plants and animals
The biotechnical agricultural revolution is best characterized by
the incorporation of genetically modified crops
The linear agricultural land use pattern commonly found in Quebec and Louisiana is
the long lot system
All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture except
there is little relationship to other businesses
Dairy farmers specialize in other products rather than fresh milk because
they are located outside the milkshade
Herders who seasonally move their animals between mountain pastures and lowland valleys practice
transhumance
The most widely produced grains in the world are
wheat, rice, and maize
The major difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture is
where the product is consumed, that commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit, that land ownership in subsistence agriculture communities is often communal, that in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family
Pastoral nomadism is still a dominant way of life in many parts of
Central Asia
Pastoral nomads do not typically herd
cattle
Which of the following is not considered a luxury crop?
Banana
What area in Canada is most productive for timber?
British Columbia
All of the following are areas in the United States most susceptible to losing prime agricultural land except
California's central valley, the Chicago-milwakee- Madison triangle, coastal California, south florida
Which famous cultural geographer theorized that the invention of agriculture took place in multiple hearths?
Carl Sauer
Which pairing of animals and region is not correct?
Cattle- South Asia
What best characterizes intensive commercial agriculture?
Commercial agriculture dominates in MDCs, due to globalization and competition, profit margins have decreased, farmers must specialize in order to stay competitive, farmers are part of a complex and highly integrated system called agribusiness.
The Enclosure Movement altered the geography and agricultural practice
Consolidating oddly shaped fields, encouraging the use of more farm machinery
What geographic factor best explains why a piece of land is used extensively for agriculture?
Distance to the market
What agricultural technique allows subsistence farmers in tropical and sub-tropical areas to support a large population with a small amount of arable land?
Double cropping
How has containerization changed the geography of linkages between production areas and location of consumers?
Due to economies of scale, production areas have shifted to many Least Developed Countries, The Suez and Panama canals are less important because of containerization, containerization has make long distance travel more efficient and profitable
_______ did not contain an agricultural hearth.
Europe
This type of business practice significantly reduces the commodity chain for an agricultural product such as coffee or tea
Fair trade movement
How have globalization and improved transportation links changed the geography of production areas for products such as apples, grapes, and fresh cut flowers?
Farmers will seek out areas with the lowest production costs, North American farmers no longer have a competitive advantage all year, production areas have become more competitive in Least Developed Countries, Southern hemisphere producers have increased production of these items
What is the best reason why market gardening farms grow highly perishable fruits and vegetables?
Farms are located close to urban centers
Europeans evolved from farming a single field in early medieval times to rotating crops into how many different sections or fields by the 18th century?
Four
The two most important crops grown in the Mediterranean region are
Grapes and olives
According to the von Thunen model, what type of agricultural practice would locate in the outer most concentric ring?
Grazing
What accounts for dramatic increased yields of wheat in developed countries since the 1950s?
Increased use of machinery, pesticides, and fertilizers and development of improved seed varieties
Which of the following agriculture practices could be deemed sustainable?
Intensive subsistence and Organic truck farming
All of the following are major wheat producing states except
Iowa
Most plantation operations are found in
Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, southeast asia, south asia
In recent years, what type of agriculture practice has been most responsible for deforestation of the rain forest in parts of Central and South America?
Livestock Ranching
Which statement regarding agricultural regions with respect to whittlessey's agricultural regions map is no longer applicable?
Plantation Agriculture doesn't exist in North America anymore.
What has been the trend with the respect to dairy farming in Least Developed Countries since the 1970s?
Production has increased as a total percent of world production levels.
What type of diffusion is most closely associated with the Columbian Exchange?
Relocation Diffusion
This type of farming practice helps preserve soil conservation by planting crops at the tops of hills
Ridge tillage
Which of the following are examples of extensive subsistence agriculture?
Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding.
This crop is often grown on plantations in the tropics
Sugarcane, palm oil, cocoa, tea
In upland areas where plantation agriculture is present, what are the two most common crops grown?
Tea and Coffee
Even though post World War two population growth rates hit record numbers, what factors prevented Malthus's predictions from becoming a reality in less developed countries?
The Green Revolution doubled and tripled crop yields in many developing countries, massive relief on the part of the United States prevented world wide famine, technological advancements increased yields throughout the world, high yield varieties increased yields in many parts of the world
How did the second agriculture revolution improve agricultural production.
The four-field system increased yields and sol fertility, New Technologies such as the drill press increase agricultural production, The Enclosure Movement encouraged the use of machinery, Advances in breeding livestock increased production of meat and dairy
According to Carl Saeur, why did vegetative planting first start in Southeast Asia?
The region's high biodiversity allowed people to become more sedentary, which naturally led to experimentation with plants.
Why do different regions of the United States specialize in different dairy products?
Their relative location with respect to the milkshed
Even though climatic conditions are suitable for whibe production in North Africa and,Southwest Asia, why is this form of agriculture not practiced in these regions?
There is not a cultural tradition of consuming wine in these regions.
According to the Von Thunen model, what costs does a commercial farmer consider when deciding what crops to plant?
Transportation costs and Cost of land
Why do societies practicing shifting cultivation only far the same plot of land for one or two years?
Tropical soils are nutrient poor
The country that produces the most maize in the world is
United States
What activity typifies extensive commercial agriculture?
Wheat and Grain Farming, Livestock Ranching
Why did Von Thunen include a forestry ring in his model of agriculture and land use?
Wood was quickly becoming a scarce resource, wood was used for construction purposes and heating
Dairy operations locate on the suburban fringe of metropolitan areas because
access to market is greater
The production and harvesting of fish and shell fish in sectioned off coves and land-based ponds is technically referred to as
acquaculture
The invention in the late 1800s that changed the geography of cattle ranging was
barbed wire
According to the von Thunen model, the first ring is used for
dairy
Many farmers in New England turned to specialty farming, such as growing mushrooms, asparagus, herbs, and nursery plants because
dairy farming has become less profitable due to lower milk prices per unit and increasing operating costs
Another term for pastoral nomadism is
extensive subsistence agriculture, nomadic herding
Most cereal grains produced in the United States are
fed to livestock
What advantages do cattle feedlots have over traditional methods of livestock ranching
feedlots combine a number of steps in the meat packing industry in one location. are more efficient at adding weight to cattle, reduce tansportation costs of cattle prior to being slaughtered and the finished product
The technical definition of horticulture includes the cultivation of
flowers, fruits, and vegetables
In Mediteranean agriculture farmers derive most of their income from
fruits and vegetables
All of the following are farm subsidies except
giving farmers tax breaks if they meet production quotas.
Suitcase farms are most associated with
grain farming
Mediteranean agriculture products include
grapes, olives, dates, lemons
Humans survived prior to the invention of agriculture by engaging in
hunting and gathering
Due to the increased interregional migration an increasing percent of vegetables in China are being produced
in urban plots
Technology essential for intensive subsistence agriculture is
irrigation
Which of the following are negative consequences of the Green Revolution in India?
it increased environmental damage due to the increased use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, it increased interregional migration, it increased the gap between wealthy and poor farmers
Dairy farmers locate near urban areas because
it is expensive to transport their product, milk has a limited shelf life
Growing or raising a single specialty crop on large tracts of land is called
monoculture
Agriculture is associated with
primary sector of the economy
All of the following are characteristics of shifting cultivation except
primogentric land ownership dominates shifting cultivation societies
Many feed fattening farms have located in the southeast and west of the United States because of
proximity to growing markets in the south and west, less severe weather
The second agricultural revolution coincided with
the Industrial Revolution
The area in Canada where fishing dominates the economy is
the Maritime Provinces
Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, mixed crop and livestock agriculture would be located in
the Midwest
The area in Canada most associated with grain farming is
the Prarie Provinces
Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume London, England and Paris, France is the single market for Europe. Extensive grain farming would take place in
the steppes of Russia
All of the following are true regarding contemporary hunting and gathering societies except
their way of life is preserved by many governments
When comparing the Koppen Climate Regions Map with the Whittlessey Agricultural Map one can conclude that
there is a direct relationship between the patterns on both maps
von Thunen's agricultural land use model assumes
there is a flat isotopic plane, there are uniform soils across the landscape, there are no physical features present, such as river or mountains, all goods use the same form of transportation
Many countries in Europe and Africa are reluctant to import Genetically Modified Organism produced food from the United States because
they could severely alter local agricultural economies, they could possibly crossbreed with domestic varieties, they would cause economic dependence on US corporations, they are considered less nutritious
All of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except
they only consume animal products and animal by- products
The single most important factor contributing to rural land use patterns for most of the Great Plains in the United States is the result of the
township and range survey system
The land division system is most responsible for dispersed rural settlements in many parts of the United States is the
township and range system
All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except
truck farming