Unit 5: Using Statistics in the Social Sciences

1. What kind of graph would you use to represent the number of newborns in your state annually for the last 20 years?

line graph

1. The frequency distribution below shows the number of people who arrive in Union Station from 5 pm to 6 pm on successive days during the month of May. Which measure of central tendency is the most appropriate for the data?

mean

2. The following table shows the number of electoral votes for the president. Which measure of central tendency best represents the data?

mean

6. Which data collection method uses a survey?

questionnaire

3. Each student at a school has a student ID number. The principal generates 70 random identification numbers and the students with those numbers are designated as subjects in a survey study. Which type of sampling is used?

simple random sampling

1. A geologist collected data on the depth, in feet, of 1212 different digs from his colleagues. They shared their data as: 110, 250, 230, 230, 122, 286, 115, 299, 98, 142, 188, 198. What is the mean of this data?

189

17. Examine the following table. What shape graph does the data create?

A straight line from the lower left to upper right.

2. Which characteristic is essential in a survey research question?

It must pertain to a particular goal.

8. The data represents how students spend their time each day. Approximately how many hours in a week are spent on socializing?

NOT 3

3. A survey was done at a music school as to students' preferences of the type of music they would like to play. The results are shown in the circle graph.

NOT Facts are shown incorrectly. NOT Scale is missing. Title and labels are missing.

11. Which chart is easier to understand and why?

NOT The circle graph, because it is easier to tell the relationship of the parts to the whole.

16. Review the birth rate by household income data. Which of the following graphs would best represent the information in the table?

(only one graph that starts at 66.44, the first number in the table)

5. Below is a histogram showing the number of riders on the NYC subway for different hours of the day, starting at midnight. The y-axis gives number of riders in the hundreds of thousands. Based on the histogram, how many people ride the subway between 7pm and 11pm.

1 million rider

8. Mason works at convenience store, and tracks the number of candy bars sold. He makes the dot plot below to show how many candy bars are sold during each hour of his 9 hour shift. How many candy bars were sold in the first 2 hours?

10

8. The data represents how many out of 36 courses are sciences courses available to freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors at a particular high school. The distribution of percentages is presented in the image. Approximately how many science courses can the seniors choose from?

17

7. Joan is the manager of a call center, and it's her job to reduce call waiting times. She makes a tally of the amount of time taken for each call. Below is a box plot which models this information. What is the interquartile range in this data set?

3

10. A factory manufactures baseballs, which have a weight between 142 and 149 grams. In one day, 200 baseballs are manufactured. What is the range of the data?

7

4. Adrian would like to survey 50 high school students about their favorite extracurricular activity. Which item gives him the most reliable results?

Rank the following extracurricular activities in the order from least to most favorite.

Unit 5 Session (3 uestions)

Code: 9978

9. Jeannie would like to survey 30 juniors about the quality of the cafeteria food. She randomly chooses three classrooms where juniors are in English lessons and randomly selects 10 students to conduct her survey. What type of sampling strategy is she using?

cluster

2. Super Soap Inc is planning a new line of cleaning products targeted at budget-minded consumers. They want to conduct a survey to find out whether it will be popular with buyers. They decide to choose five states across the country at random. The cleaning products are marketed on a trial basis to middle- and low-income groups in these states. Which type of sampling method are the researchers using?

cluster sampling

1. Which one of these is not a primary data collection method?

customer feedback

2. Below is a line chart showing the profits of Company X from year 2015 to present. The company management says the percentage of change in profit from 2018 to 2019 is the highest. The data from which interval is taken indicates otherwise. Which interval actually has the highest change in profit?

from 2015 to 2016

2. A research team is studying what percentage of newborns weigh between 3.50 kilograms and 5 kg at birth. To draw reliable conclusions, the team estimates that data of at least 2000 babies must be collected. Which graph will be most suited to represent the outcome of the research?

histogram

9. A local doctor's office is interested in how the height of children have changed over the past 50 years. They are creating a graph to show the height of 100 six-year-olds, rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch. Which graph would be best to use to graph this piece of data?

histogram

2. Which is included in the written report?

Executive Summary, Methodology, Results, and Appendices

3. The dot plots show how the US House of Representatives changed between 1940 and 2010. What conclusions can be drawn, looking at both graphs? Choose all that apply.

- For both graphs, there are clusters around 0 and 10 representatives. - Two additional states were created between 1940 and 2010.

3. There are three main things to do when analyzing and presenting data from a study. Which three main things are included on the following list?

- Organize survey results - Write a Summary of Findings - Draw a conclusion

1. Why are surveys used in the social sciences?

- Surveys allow for collection of data that are not directly observable in behavior. - Surveys allow for data collection from a large sample of participants.

2. Below is a box plot representing the grades of a class on a recent test. From the information, which of the following conclusions could be drawn?

- The middle 50% of scores were between 65 an 89. - The median score is 78.

3. Below is a bar chart showing the results of equal numbers of sixth graders and seventh graders interviewed about movie preferences. What type of conclusions can be drawn from the data?

- The number of sixth graders who prefer sci-fi movies is equal to the number of seventh graders who prefer romantic movies. - About twice as many sixth graders like romantic movies compared to seventh graders.

4. Below is a stem-and-leaf plot showing the age of the employees at a local tech startup. Which of the following is correct?

- There is an outlier in the data. - The mean age is 35

9. Review the two histograms. Were there more family or non-family households in the United States in 2017? Include the data that supports your answer.

NOT There were more family households (50,089) than non-family households (20,567) in 2017.

3. Which one of these options asks a meaningful question that is suitable for a study?

NOT What is the study of criminology?

3. A box and whisker plot as shown. Which information is correct for this box-and-whisker plot?

One-half of the data is between 130 and 140.

7. Jodie plans a survey study to answer the question, "How much recreation do students get during the summer holiday?" What questions would best allow her to collect quantitative data?

PARTIAL .5 out of 1 - Do you have a summer job? If so, how many hours a week do you work? - What time do you wake up on your day off from school and work? - How many times did you go to the beach this summer?

18. Review the chart. (Visits to Doctor by Age Group) Which conclusions are true based on the chart?

PARTIAL .67 out of 1 - People under 15 years of age made about 300 visits per 100 people per year. - Overall, older people and children visited doctor's offices most often.

5. Jeannie would like to survey 30 juniors about the quality of the cafeteria food. She would like to see which dessert the students like the most. Which item gives her the most reliable results?

Rank the following deserts in the order from least to most favorite.

1. Study the histograms representing the number of counties in each US state. Match each description with the correct region.

South Region = has an outlier Northeast Region = has a gap Midwest Region = has a mode between 80 and 100 West Region = is right skewed

5. Review the following line graph. ANB News polled people in the United States from September 1994 to September 2017. They asked: "In general, do you think your school system is totally good or totally bad?" How is this chart misleading?

The broken scale is not properly shown on the x-axis.

7. Review the two graphs. A line graph of fourth graders who bought milk. A line graph of fifth graders who bought milk. Based on the data in these two graphs, which statement is true?

The day the 5th graders bought the most milk is also the day the 4th graders bought the least milk.

6. Lily often orders take-out from a local Vietnamese restaurant. She tries to time her arrival at the restaurant with when the food will be ready. She makes a note of how long it takes every time she orders. What conclusion can be drawn based on the graph?

The maximum wait time is an outlier.

1. The following data set shows the the population of a town, in thousands. What are the mean and median?

The mean is 13.7 thousand and the median is 13.9 thousand.

15. A sample of 5 students were asked how much money they were carrying. These were their answers: $75, $2, $5, $0, $5. Why is the median more informative than the mean?

The mean is skewed by the outlier $75

3. A sample of 5 students were asked how much money they were carrying. These were their answers: $75, $2, $5, $0, $5. Why is the median more informative than the mean?

The mean is skewed by the outlier of $75.

14. Which statement best describes the data represented by the box-and-whisker plot?

The median is 130, the range is 40, and the interquartile range is 26.

3. Below is a frequency table showing the number of chocolate chips in each cookie that comes out of a chocolate chip cookie factory. A new data set is created, with a mode of 19. How has the mode changed in this new data set?

The mode has increased by 3

10. Jada created a graph based on the number of colored candies in her small bag of candy. Which of the following presents a conclusion that is based on the data from this graph?

The red candy occurs most often in this bag of candy.

19. Review the graphs of people's spending habits. The first graph represents the spending for people between the ages of 55 and 64, for a household total of $52,267. The second graph represents the spending for people who are 75 years and older, for a household total of $36,673. How do spending habits change as Americans age?

The share of the 75+ population's spending on health care is nearly double that of the younger group.

5. A psychology student conducted a survey and the results indicate that regular exercise leads to weight loss. The student used this conclusion in his recent paper. What could be wrong with this conclusion?

The study did not take into account other factors such as the physiology and diet of subjects.

4. A social science student conducted a survey, and the results indicated that sugar intake increases the activity level of 4-year-old children. The student used this conclusion in his recent paper. What could be wrong with this conclusion?

The study did not take into account other factors, such as nap time.

4. A researcher conducted a survey and found that people who took vitamin C every day had fewer colds than people who did not take vitamin C every day. The researcher wrote a paper stating that vitamin C prevents colds, using this data as evidence. What is wrong with this conclusion?

The study did not take into account other health-related factors.

6. Review the following pie chart. An online survey asked: "In general, what are your favorite pizza toppings?" According to this circle graph, mushrooms are the most liked pizza toppings. Why could this chart be misleading?

The totals add up to more than 100%.

1. Which one of these questions is a meaningful question suitable for a study?

What percentage of girls take AP classes in their senior year in high school?

2. A social study was done in a daycare center to determine the time each child spent with each toy. The table and graph represent this information. What is wrong with this bar graph?

Too much data is presented.

13. A dentist is conducting a survey into the number of teeth she has filled for her patients. She recorded the number of fillings for the last seven patients. Which measure of central tendency would best represent his patients' overall dental health?

mean

2. A dentist is conducting a survey into the number of teeth she has filled for her patients. She recorded the number of fillings for the last seven patients. Which measure of central tendency would best represent his patients' overall dental health?

mean

1. In an interview for a job, the interviewer says that the average annual income of the company's 16 employees is $73,610. The actual annual incomes of the 16 employees are shown below. Which measure of central tendency would be most informative to the potential employee?

median

12. In an interview for a job, the interviewer says that the average annual income of the company's 16 employees is $73,610. The actual annual incomes of the 16 employees are shown below. Which measure of central tendency would be most informative to the potential employee?

median