UNIT 6 ~ AP BIOLOGY PART 1
Assume that genes A and B are not linked. If the probability of allele A in a gamete is 1/2 and the probability of allele B in a gamete is 1/2, then the probability that both A and B are in the same gamete is Responses A 1/2 x 1/2 B 1/2 + 1/2 C (1/2) / (1/2) D 1/2 E |1/2 — 1/2|
A 1/2 x 1/2
A researcher is crossing two organisms that are heterozygous for three Mendelian, unlinked traits (XxYyZz). Which of the following is the fraction of offspring that are predicted to have the genotype xxyyzz? Responses A 1/64 B 1/32 C 1/16 D 1/8
A 1/64
Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of Friedreich's ataxia? Responses A Autosomal recessive B Autosomal dominant C Sex-linked recessive D Sex-linked dominant
A Autosomal recessive
In cross II, the genotype of the dark, short-haired parent is Responses A CcBb B ccbb C CCBB D CCbb E ccBB
A CcBb
The diagram above illustrates which of the following processes? Responses A Crossing-over B Base pair substitution C Duplication D Deletion E Posttranscriptional processing
A Crossing-over
Which of the following statements provides the most reasonable prediction to account for the deviation from the expected results? Responses A In sweet pea plants, the gene for flower color and the gene for pollen grain shape are genetically linked. B In sweet pea plants, the genes for flower color and for pollen grain shape both exhibit codominance. C Several mutations occurred spontaneously producing a deviation from the expected phenotypic ratios of the offspring. D The genes for flower color and pollen grain shape are inherited independently because of the law of independent assortment.
A In sweet pea plants, the gene for flower color and the gene for pollen grain shape are genetically linked.
Based on the data in Table I, which of the following best explains why there are no individuals with constricted pods in the F1 generation? Responses A Inflated pod shape is dominant to constricted pod shape. B The inflated-pod offspring in the F1 generation are homozygous. C Constricted pod shape typically arises from a new mutation in the F1 generation. D The constricted-pod offspring are carriers for the inflated pod shape allele.
A Inflated pod shape is dominant to constricted pod shape.
During prophase I replicated homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo synapsis. What testable question is generated regarding synapsis and genetic variability by Figure 1 ? Responses A Is the distance between two gene loci related to crossover rate? B Does crossing over occur more often in some chromosomes than in others? C Is crossing over inhibited by methylation? D Is crossing over promoted by methylation?
A Is the distance between two gene loci related to crossover rate?
Scientists have found that DNA methylation suppresses crossing-over in the fungus Ascobolus immersus. Which of the following questions is most appropriately raised by this specific observation? Responses A Is the level of genetic variation in the gametes related to the amount of DNA methylation observed? B Without crossing-over, will gametes be viable and be able to produce zygotes? C Does DNA methylation result in shorter chromosomes? D Is this species of fungus a diploid organism?
A Is the level of genetic variation in the gametes related to the amount of DNA methylation observed?
Directions: Each group of questions below concerns an experimental or a laboratory situation. In each case, first study the description of the situation. Then choose the one best answer to each question following it. In dogs, one pair of alleles determines coat color (dark and albino). Another pair of alleles determines hair length (short and long). Thus, each gamete will contain one of the coat-color alleles, C or c and one of the hair-length alleles, B or b. In repeated crosses of a specific dark, short-haired dog with an albino, long-haired dog, all the offspring were dark with short hair, as shown in cross I. However, in subsequent crosses of another dark, short-haired dog with a dark, long-haired dog, the ratios shown in cross II below were obtained. A It is dominant. B It is recessive. C It is codominant. D It is a polygenic inheritance pattern. E The alleles are linked
A It is dominant.
The critical value for a chi-square test with a significance level of �=0.05 and 2 degrees of freedom is 5.99. Which of the following statements best completes the student's chi-square goodness-of-fit test? Responses A The calculated chi-square value is 1.53, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. B The calculated chi-square value is 1.53, and the null hypothesis can be rejected. C The calculated chi-square value is 98, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. D The calculated chi-square value is 98, and the null hypothesis can be rejected.
A The calculated chi-square value is 1.53, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.
The researchers choose a significance level of �=0.05. Which of the following best completes the chi-square goodness-of-fit test? Responses A The calculated chi-square value is 9.24, and the critical value is 7.82. The null hypothesis of independent assortment can be rejected. B The calculated chi-square value is 9.24, and the critical value is 9.49. The null hypothesis of independent assortment cannot be rejected. C The calculated chi-square value is 13.13, and the critical value is 7.82. The null hypothesis of independent assortment can be rejected. D The calculated chi-square value is 13.13, and the critical value is 9.49. The null hypothesis of independent assortment cannot be rejected.
A The calculated chi-square value is 9.24, and the critical value is 7.82. The null hypothesis of independent assortment can be rejected.
Which of the following best describes the likely mode of inheritance for the eye-color gene? Responses A The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because males and females have similar phenotype ratios. B The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because more females have sepia eyes than males do. C The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females have similar phenotype ratios. D The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females display both phenotypes.
A The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because males and females have similar phenotype ratios.
Insulin is a hormone produced by some pancreatic cells. Scientists have isolated the DNA sequence that codes for human insulin production. Which of the following best predicts the effect of inserting this gene into the DNA of a bacterial cell? Responses A The recombinant bacterium will produce human insulin using its own transcription and translation machinery. B The recombinant bacterium will not transcribe the human insulin gene because this gene is not normally found in the bacterial genome. C The recombinant bacterium will transcribe the gene but will be unable to translate the mRNA. D The recombinant bacterium will die because it has been exposed to foreign DNA.
A The recombinant bacterium will produce human insulin using its own transcription and translation machinery.
The diploid number of chromosomes in the cell of a domesticated dog is 78. Which of the following options includes the correct number of chromosomes in a cell after each cellular process (G2 checkpoint, meiosis, and fertilization, respectively)? Responses A After G2CheckpointAfterMeiosisAfterFertilization1567839 B After G2CheckpointAfterMeiosisAfterFertilization783978 C After G2CheckpointAfterMeiosisAfterFertilization1563978 D After G2CheckpointAfterMeiosisAfterFertilization787839
B After G2CheckpointAfterMeiosisAfterFertilization783978
In garden peas, a single gene controls stem length. The recessive allele (t) produces short stems when homozygous. The dominant allele (T) produces long stems. A short-stemmed plant is crossed with a heterozygous long-stemmed plant. Which of the following represents the expected phenotypes of the offspring and the ratio in which they will occur? Responses A 3 long-stemmed plants: 1 short-stemmed plant B 1 long-stemmed plant: 1 short-stemmed plant C 1 long-stemmed plant: 3 short-stemmed plants D Long-stemmed plants only E Short-stemmed plants only
B 1 long-stemmed plant: 1 short-stemmed plant
Directions: This group of questions consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of phrases or sentences. For each phrase or sentence, select the one heading to which it is most closely related. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all. This group of questions refers to the probabilities below. Assume that the alleles referred to all assort independently.(A) 0(B) 1/16(C) 1/4(D) 1/2(E) 3/4 Probability that the genotype ccdd will be produced by the parents CcDd x CcDd Responses A 0 B 1/16 C 1/4 D 1/2 E 3/4
B 1/16
A couple has 5 children, all sons. If the woman gives birth to a sixth child, what is the probability that the sixth child will be a son? Responses A 5/6 B 1/2 C 1/5 D 1/6 E 1/64
B 1/2
The probability that individual III-5 will develop Friedreich's ataxia is closest to which of the following? Responses A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%
B 25%
One of the affected males from the third generation has a child with a female who is a carrier. For the pedigree shown above, which of the following best expresses the probability that the couple's first son will be affected with the disorder? Responses A 25% B 50% C 75% D 100%
B 50%
Based on the inheritance pattern shown in Figure 1, which of the following best predicts the nature of the original mutation? Responses A A recessive mutation on the X chromosome B A recessive mutation on a somatic chromosome C A dominant mutation on the X chromosome D A dominant mutation on a somatic chromosome
B A recessive mutation on a somatic chromosome
Which of the following best supports the claim that organisms of different domains share a common ancestor? Responses A Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and the citric acid cycle occurs in mitochondria. B Glycolysis occurs in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. C Introns are present in eukaryotic DNA but not in prokaryotic DNA. D Errors in DNA synthesis provide some of the genetic variation in a population.
B Glycolysis occurs in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
For following group of questions first study the description of the situation and diagram and then choose the one best answer to each question following it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. The pedigree of a family with a history of a particular genetic disease is shown below. Squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent those who have the disease. A All of the children would have the disease. B None of the children would have the disease. C Only the sons would have the disease. D All of the sons would be carriers of the disease. E None of the daughters would be carriers of the disease.
B None of the children would have the disease.
A blue-flowered African violet of unknown ancestry self-pollinated and produced 50 seeds. These seeds germinate and grow into flowering plants. Of these plants, 36 produce blue flowers and 14 produce pink flowers. What is the best explanation for the pink-flowered offspring? Responses A Blue flowers are incompletely dominant to pink flowers. B Pink flower color is a trait recessive to blue flower color. C Pink flower color is the result of somatic mutations in the flower color gene. D A previous generation of the blue-flowered parent must have included 50 percent pinkflowered plants.
B Pink flower color is a trait recessive to blue flower color.
Which of the following occurs during mitosis but not during meiosis I ? Responses A The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the spindle apparatus. B The chromatids of each chromosome are separated. C The nuclear envelope breaks down. D Both synapsis and crossing-over take place. E The diploid number of chromosomes is reduced to the haploid number.
B The chromatids of each chromosome are separated.
Humans have a diploid number (2n) of 46. Which of the following statements best predicts the consequence if meiosis did not occur during gametogenesis? Responses A The gametes would get larger from one generation to the next. B The chromosome number would double with each generation. C The chromosome number would be halved with each generation. D The chromosome number would triple with each generation.
B The chromosome number would double with each generation.
A completely-plated stickleback from a marine population was mated to a low-plated stickleback from a freshwater population. The resulting F1 hybrids all displayed a completely plated phenotype. When the F1 hybrids were allowed to interbreed, the resulting F2 generation included completely plated offspring and low-plated offspring in an approximate 3:1 ratio. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the results of the breeding experiments? Responses A Phenotypic variation in the F2 generation suggests that armor morphology is controlled by many alleles of a single gene. B The completely-plated phenotype is controlled by a dominant allele of a single gene. C Armor loss is an acquired characteristic that is affected by one or more environmental factors. D Patterns of armor plating in stickleback populations are regulated by sex-specific signals.
B The completely-plated phenotype is controlled by a dominant allele of a single gene.
Based on their calculation, the researchers would most likely conclude which of the following? Responses A The genes that determine these two traits are likely on the same chromosome. B The differences between observed data and expected data are due to chance. C The genes mutated since the researchers began the experiment and now have a different inheritance pattern. D The allele frequencies of the offspring have changed, suggesting the population is evolving.
B The differences between observed data and expected data are due to chance.
In a certain type of chicken, the allele for gray feathers is recessive to the allele for black feathers, and the allele for a spotted pattern is recessive to the allele for a solid pattern. Chickens that are heterozygous for both traits were crossed and the phenotypes for the offspring were recorded (Table 1). To determine whether the data are consistent with the expectations for independent assortment, students performed a chi-square analysis. Which of the following is the closest to the calculated chi-square value for the experiment? Responses A -0.26 B 0.20 C 0.95 D 1.25
C 0.95
Directions: This group of questions consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of phrases or sentences. For each phrase or sentence, select the one heading to which it is most closely related. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all. This group of questions refers to the probabilities below. Assume that the alleles referred to all assort independently.(A) 0(B) 1/16(C) 1/4(D) 1/2(E) 3/4 Probability that the genotype TTSs will be produced by the parents TTSs x TtSS Responses A 0 B 1/16 C 1/4 D 1/2 E 3/4
C 1/4
If 2n = 48 for a particular cell, then the chromosome number in each cell after meiosis would be Responses A 96 B 48 C 24 D 12 E 6
C 24
A researcher hypothesizes that, in mice, two autosomal dominant traits, trait Q and trait R, are determined by separate genes found on the same chromosome. The researcher crosses mice that are heterozygous for both traits and counts the number of offspring with each combination of phenotypes. The total number of offspring produced was 64. The researcher plans to do a chi-square analysis of the data and calculates the expected number of mice with each combination of phenotypes. Which of the following is the expected number of offspring that will display both trait Q and trait R? Responses A 4 B 12 C 36 D 48
C 36
Directions: Each group of questions below concerns an experimental or laboratory situation or data. In each case, first study the description of the situation or data. Then choose the one best answer to each question following it. Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant genetic trait that causes severe malformation of the skeleton. Homozygotes for this condition are spontaneously aborted (hence, the homozygous condition is lethal) but heterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed. Matthew has a family history of the condition, although he does not express the trait. Jane is an achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism. The probability that Matthew and Jane's first child will be an achondroplastic dwarf is Responses A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75% E 100%
C 50%
For following group of questions first study the description of the situation and diagram and then choose the one best answer to each question following it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. The pedigree of a family with a history of a particular genetic disease is shown below. Squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent those who have the disease. A 0 B 25% C 50% D 75% E 100%
C 50%
In most vertebrates, the sperm cell normally contributes which of the following to the new organism? Responses A Many mitochondria B Significant amounts of RNA C A haploid complement of chromosomes D Most of the cytoplasm of the zygote E Two sex chromosomes
C A haploid complement of chromosomes
For following group of questions first study the description of the situation and diagram and then choose the one best answer to each question following it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. The pedigree of a family with a history of a particular genetic disease is shown below. Squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent those who have the disease. Which of the following is the most likely mode of inheritance for the disease? Responses A Codominance B Autosomal dominant C Autosomal recessive D Sex-linked dominant E Sex-linked recessive
C Autosomal recessive
Which of the following is probably the genotype of the dark, short-haired parent in cross I? Responses A CcBb B ccbb C CCBB D CCbb E ccBB
C CCBB
Which of the following statements correctly describes the chromosomes in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis I? Responses A Each daughter cell contains 12 chromatids. Each chromatid is one of two from a single chromosome with the other one of the pair found in the other daughter cell. B Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Since the chromosomes were randomly divided, one daughter cell may contain both of a pair of homologous chromosomes, while the other cell contains both of another pair of homologous chromosomes. C Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Each chromosome is one of a pair of homologous chromosomes from the parent cell, with the other homologue found in the other daughter cell. D Each daughter cell contains 24 separate chromatids.
C Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Each chromosome is one of a pair of homologous chromosomes from the parent cell, with the other homologue found in the other daughter cell.
Which of the following questions about genetic diversity could most appropriately be answered by analysis of the model in Figure 1 ? Responses A Does crossing-over generate more genetic diversity than the fusion of gametes does? B Does DNA methylation prevent independent assortment during metaphase II? C How does the independent assortment of the two sets of homologous chromosomes increase genetic diversity? D Do daughter cells that are not genetically identical to parent cells produce viable zygotes?
C How does the independent assortment of the two sets of homologous chromosomes increase genetic diversity?
The events listed below generally take place during meiosis. I. Synapsis occurs.II. Crossing-over is completed.III. Condensation of chromosomes begins.IV. Separation of homologous chromosomes begins. Which of the following is the correct sequence of these events? Responses A I, II, III, IV B II, I, III, IV C III, I, II, IV D III, IV, II, I E IV, II, III, I
C III, I, II, IV
Which of the following best describes the cellular process illustrated in Figure 1 ? A Sister chromatids separating during anaphase of mitosis B Chromosomes lining up along the midline of the cell during mitosis C Reducing the chromosome number during anaphase I of meiosis D Chromatids failing to separate during meiosis
C Reducing the chromosome number during anaphase I of meiosis
Which of the following best explains why triploid bananas do not produce seeds? Responses A The cells of the banana plant are unable to replicate DNA, thus preventing cell division and limiting growth. B The banana plants lack enough genetic diversity to properly hybridize. C The production of gametes is disrupted because of unequal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. D The production of seeds is not required because triploid plants produce gametes without fertilization.
C The production of gametes is disrupted because of unequal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Individuals III-1 and III-2 plan to have children and wish to first determine whether individual III-2 is a carrier of DMD. Individual III-2 undergoes genetic testing to determine whether individual III-2 carries a particular allele for the mutated dystrophin that is associated with the disorder in this family. The results of gel electrophoresis analysis of the individual's dystrophin alleles and the alleles of several family members are shown in Figure 2. A There is a 50% chance that an XY child will have DMD. B There is a 25% chance that a child will have DMD. C There is a 0% chance that any of the children will have the disorder or be carriers of the mutant allele. D There is a 0% chance that an XY child will have DMD but a 50% chance that an XX child will be a carrier of the mutant allele.
C There is a 0% chance that any of the children will have the disorder or be carriers of the mutant allele.
Which of the following best describes the cells that result from the process of meiosis in mammals? Responses A They are diploid. B They can be used to repair injuries. C They are genetically different from the parent cell. D They are genetically identical to all the other cells in the body. E They are identical to each other.
C They are genetically different from the parent cell.
In Table I, the ratio of phenotypes in the offspring from the testcross with F1 plants that had purple flowers and inflated pods suggests that the genes for flower color and pod shape are located Responses A close together on the same autosome B on the X chromosome C on different chromosomes D on a mitochondrial chromosome
C on different chromosomes
Directions: This group of questions consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of phrases or sentences. For each phrase or sentence, select the one heading to which it is most closely related. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all. This group of questions refers to the probabilities below. Assume that the alleles referred to all assort independently.(A) 0(B) 1/16(C) 1/4(D) 1/2(E) 3/4 Probability that the genotype Aa will be produced by the parents Aa x Aa Responses A 0 B 1/16 C 1/4 D 1/2 E 3/4
D 1/2
Directions: This group of questions consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of phrases or sentences. For each phrase or sentence, select the one heading to which it is most closely related. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all. This group of questions refers to the probabilities below. Assume that the alleles referred to all assort independently.(A) 0(B) 1/16(C) 1/4(D) 1/2(E) 3/4 Probability that the genotype Rr will be produced by the parents Rr x rr Responses A 0 B 1/16 C 1/4 D 1/2 E 3/4
D 1/2
If three children are born to Matthew and Jane, what are the chances that the first two children will not express the trait but that the third child will be an achondroplastic dwarf? Responses A 5/8 B 4/8 C 3/8 D 1/8 E 1/16
D 1/8
In the pedigree above, squares represent males and circles represent females. Individuals who express a particular trait are represented by shaded figures. Which of the following patterns of inheritance best explains the transmission of the trait? Responses A Sex-linked dominant B Sex-linked recessive C Autosomal recessive D Autosomal dominant E Incompletely dominant
D Autosomal dominant
The process depicted in the image above is best summarized by which of the following descriptions? Responses A During the synthesis phase of the cell cycle, DNA molecules replicate to generate identical daughter cells. B Centromeres align specific gene sequences of homologous chromosomes during mitotic divisions. C The spindle apparatus attaches at chiasma during metaphase of mitosis. D During meiosis, crossing over leads to recombination of alleles between homologous chromosomes.
D During meiosis, crossing over leads to recombination of alleles between homologous chromosomes.
Which of the following best describes how mitosis and meiosis result in daughter cells with different numbers of chromosomes? A In mitosis, the chromosomes consist of a single chromatid, which is passed to two haploid daughter cells. In meiosis, the chromosomes consist of two chromatids during the first round of division and one chromatid during the second round of division, resulting in two haploid daughter cells. B In mitosis, synapsis of homologous chromosomes results in four haploid daughter cells after one division. C Mitosis produces one identical daughter cell after one round of division. Meiosis has two rounds of division and doubles the number of chromosomes in the second round of division, producing four diploid cells. D Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells after one round of division. Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells after two rounds of division.
D Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells after one round of division. Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells after two rounds of division.
The students choose a significance level of �=0.01. Which of the following statements best completes the next step of the chi-square goodness-of-fit test? Responses A The calculated chi-square value is 2.11, and the critical value is 7.82. B The calculated chi-square value is 2.11, and the critical value is 11.35. C The calculated chi-square value is 10.48, and the critical value is 7.82. D The calculated chi-square value is 10.48, and the critical value is 11.35.
D The calculated chi-square value is 10.48, and the critical value is 11.35.
Based on the chi-square calculated value, which of the following statements is most accurate? Responses A The chi-square calculated value is greater than the chi-square critical value; therefore the null hypothesis should be rejected. B The chi-square calculated value is greater than the chi-square critical value; therefore the null hypothesis should not be rejected. C The chi-square calculated value is less than the chi-square critical value; therefore the null hypothesis should be rejected. D The chi-square calculated value is less than the chi-square critical value; therefore the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
D The chi-square calculated value is less than the chi-square critical value; therefore the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
Which of the following best describes the steps these cells will follow to form gametes? Responses A The first division will result in crossing over between homologous chromosomes, and the second division will reduce the original number of chromosomes by half in the daughter cells. B The first division will reduce the number of chromosomes by half for each daughter cell, and the second division will result in each daughter cell having one-fourth of the original number of chromosomes. C The first division will move single chromatids to each daughter cell, and the second division will double the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell. D The first division will reduce the number of chromosomes by half for each daughter cell, and the second division will move single chromatids to each daughter cell.
D The first division will reduce the number of chromosomes by half for each daughter cell, and the second division will move single chromatids to each daughter cell.
In pea seeds, yellow color (�) is dominant to green color (�), and a round shape (�) is dominant to a wrinkled shape (�). A dihybrid cross between a true-breeding plant with yellow, round seeds (����) and a true-breeding plant with green, wrinkled seeds (����) results in an F1 generation of plants with yellow, round seeds. Crossing two F1 plants produces an F2 generation with approximately nine times as many plants with yellow, round seeds as plants with green, wrinkled seeds. Which of the following best explains these results? Responses A The allele pairs of each parent stay together, resulting in gametes that are identical to the parents. B Gene segments on sister chromatids cross over. C Alleles that are on nonhomologous chromosomes recombine. D The genes for seed color and seed shape assort independently.
D The genes for seed color and seed shape assort independently.
In peas the trait for tall plants is dominant (T) and the trait for short plants is recessive (t). The trait for yellow seed color is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seed color is recessive (y). A cross between two plants results in 296 tall yellow plants and 104 tall green plants. Which of the following are most likely to be the genotypes of the parents? Responses A TTYY x TTYY B TTyy x TTYy C TtYy x TtYy D TtYy x TTYy E TtYY x Ttyy
D TtYy x TTYy
All of the following are true statements about meiosis in mammals EXCEPT: Responses A It serves as a factor in bringing about variation among offspring. B It follows DNA replication. C It occurs only in reproductive structures. D It produces cells with the haploid number of chromosomes. E It produces four genetically identical gametes.
E It produces four genetically identical gametes.
Within a forest ecosystem, there is a large amount of diversity among members of a warbler species. Of the following stages of meiosis illustrated for a typical cell, which contributes most to diversity among the warblers?
The one with 2 chromatids in the middle on the top and bottom.
Directions: Each group of questions below concerns an experimental or laboratory situation or data. In each case, first study the description of the situation or data. Then choose the one best answer to each question following it. Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant genetic trait that causes severe malformation of the skeleton. Homozygotes for this condition are spontaneously aborted (hence, the homozygous condition is lethal) but heterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed. Matthew has a family history of the condition, although he does not express the trait. Jane is an achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism. The genotypes of Matthew and Jane are best represented as a) ble 1: Matthew AA Jane: Aa b) table 2: Matthew Aa Jane: aa c) Table 3: Matthew aa Jane: aa d) Table 4: M aa J: Aa E) M: Aa J: Aa
d) Table 4: M aa J: Aa
