Unit 6: APUSH Test Review from US History Teacher website

Labor unions were ruled not to be illegal conspiracies provided that their methods were honorable and peaceful in the Supreme Court case of?: A Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842). B Brown v. Board of Education (1954). C Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). D Munn v. Illinois (1876).

A Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842).

Six states were created from the western territories in 1889 and 1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because?: A Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican. B the lawlessness of many western towns discouraged Congress from admitting the territories as states. C polygamy, as practiced by the Mormons in the West, was unacceptable to Congress. D if large mining firms had been forced to pay state taxes, they would have to close down.

A Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican.

The Supreme Court upheld the principle that state governments could regulate railroad and grain elevator companies with its decision in?: A Munn v. Illinois. B Plessy v. Ferguson. C Muller v. Oregon. D McCulloch v. Maryland. E ex parte Mulligan.

A Munn v. Illinois.

Which of the following was, in large part, a consequence of Upton Sinclair's 1906 book, The Jungle?: A President Theodore Roosevelt supported passage of the Meat Inspection Act. B drug manufacturers agreed to stop selling impure merchandise. C railroad rate-making was taken out of the hands of the railroad industry and put into the hands of the ICC. D President Roosevelt supported legislation to guarantee the rights of workers to bargain collectively.

A President Theodore Roosevelt supported passage of the Meat Inspection Act.

American went to war against Spain in 1898 because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT?: A Spain's refusal to discuss terms for peace. B the buildup of public pressure for war. C alleged Spanish mistreatment of Cuban civilians. D Americans tended to compare the Cuban insurrection with their own American Revolution.

A Spain's refusal to discuss terms for peace.

By the end of the 1800s, the use of pools, trusts, and holding companies by big business resulted in?: A a concentration of economic power in the hands of a few. B a slowing in the growth rate of the economy. C a more even distribution of wealth. D an increase in costs of production. E all of these choices are correct.

A a concentration of economic power in the hands of a few.

The Spanish-American War resulted in which of the following?: A a guerilla war between Americans and Filipinos. B American colonization of Cuba. C Theodore Roosevelt's election as president in 1900. D the decline of the anti-imperialist movement. E independence of Puerto Rico.

A a guerilla war between Americans and Filipinos.

Marcus Garvey, leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, argued for?: A a return to Africa. B equal rights. C racial desegregation. D violence in the cities. E more representation in Congress for Washington, D. C.

A a return to Africa.

The Chautauqua movement was?: A an educational movement utilizing lectures and sermons. B a political movement advocating better wages and hours for workers. C an artistic movement which emphasized abstract forms. D a religious movement promoting Protestant missions. E a philosophical movement that defined truth in terms of results.

A an educational movement utilizing lectures and sermons.

A member of the Social Gospel movement would probably?: A argue that Christians should work to reorganize the industrial system and bring about international peace. B consider such social sins as alcohol abuse and sexual permissiveness as society's most serious problems. C assert that the poor themselves were at fault for their circumstances. D maintain that abuses and social degradation resulted solely from a lack of willpower on the part of those who committed them. E hold their religion is an entirely individualistic matter.

A argue that Christians should work to reorganize the industrial system and bring about international peace.

The Haymarket bombing of May 4, 1886, was important to the labor movement because it?: A aroused public opposition against labor, contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor, and caused an increase in the membership of the AFL. B brought about the use of collective bargaining to settle labor disputes peacefully. C demonstrated to unskilled workers their vulnerability to strikebreaking actions. D began a tradition of federal intervention by U. S. troops.

A aroused public opposition against labor, contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor, and caused an increase in the membership of the AFL.

In a country hungry for news, American newspapers at the end of the 19c?: A became sensationalist. B printed hard-hitting editorials. C repudiated the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. D came to rely less on syndicated material.

A became sensationalist.

According to John Dewey, schools should?: A become the instruments of reform by embracing the new ethic of social interdependence. B guard against experimentalism and preserve the role of the teacher as the unquestioned authority. C teach self-reliance, hard work, and honesty. D serve as the handmaidens of industry by teaching subjects that were most needed by the business world.

A become the instruments of reform by embracing the new ethic of social interdependence.

The policy of imperialism in the U. S. from 1890 to 1910 was largely the result of?: A demands for commercial expansion. B the theory of isolation. C a desire to build up a colonial empire. D a widespread desire to become a world power. E missionary zeal.

A demands for commercial expansion.

The Supreme Court in the United States v. Knight Company?: A diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that manufacturing was not interstate commerce. B declared the Granger laws unconstitutional because states could not regulate interstate commerce. C ruled that all trusts and monopolies in interstate commerce were illegal and could be broken up by the federal government. D held that employers could force employees to sign and abide by "yellow dog contracts."

A diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that manufacturing was not interstate commerce.

Politicians of the Gilded Age used the spoils system to?: A dispense government jobs for political purposes. B elect all federal government officials. C fill government jobs based on merit rather than patronage. D remove incompetent politicians from office.

A dispense government jobs for political purposes.

As a result of the increasing demands for reform in medicine by the progressives, the medical profession?: A established the American Medical Association, to represent the field as a whole. B fought against the passage of state and local laws requiring the licensing of all physicians. C opened the field to all practitioners in the field. D all of these choices are correct.

A established the American Medical Association, to represent the field as a whole.

Political machines spread and thrived in urban areas during the late 19c because?: A existing city government structures were so disorganized and chaotic. B they represented efficiency and honesty in an age of political corruption. C people were tired of the autocratic nature of existing city governments. D the middle classes were angry at the favoritism shown by existing city governments to the urban poor and ethnic minorities.

A existing city government structures were so disorganized and chaotic.

The purpose of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was to?: A fill some government jobs on the basis of competitive exams. B establish the first racial quotas for government jobs. C ensure that appointments to government jobs were approved by Congress. D declare illegal the system of city political machines and boss rule.

A fill some government jobs on the basis of competitive exams.

The Federal Reserve System has improved on the earlier national banking system by providing for?: A greater elasticity of credit and currency. B a national bank under the direct control of the federal government. C complete control over all United States banks. D a system for control of consumer credit. E insurance of bank deposits.

A greater elasticity of credit and currency.

"Native" Americans disliked immigrants for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?: A immigrants were strong supporters of prohibition. B the language and customs of immigrants were very different. C most immigrants were not Protestant. D many Americans believed immigrants to be racially inferior.

A immigrants were strong supporters of prohibition.

J. P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the board of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)?: A interlocking directorate. B trust. C pool. D vertical integration. E horizontal integration

A interlocking directorate.

Although historians disagree as to their interpretations of Populism, the movement was significant because?: A it was one of the few third-party movements to gain national influence. B it led to successful radical movements in the early 1900s. C the activists of the party were responsible for the success of the first McKinley administration. D it helped to elect a president at the peak of its power.

A it was one of the few third-party movements to gain national influence.

The ideas of Social Darwinism allowed men of wealth, like Carnegie and Rockefeller, to?: A justify the economic inequality that favored them over the nation's poor. B argue for more government intervention in dealing with social problems. C create more humanitarian programs for their factory laborers. D become more humanitarian in their declining years.

A justify the economic inequality that favored them over the nation's poor.

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the problems of farmers in the late 19c?: A lack of available land. B high interest rates. C overpopulation. D high shipping costs. E deflation.

A lack of available land

All of the following means were favored by the farmers between 1870 and 1900 in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT?: A limits on production of farm crops. B regulation of railroads' hauling rates. C cheap money and low tariff rates. D cooperative marketing societies. E new third parties that worked for farmers' interests.

A limits on production of farm crops.

In general, the women's club movement?: A played an important role in winning passage of state laws regulating conditions of housing and the workplace. B confined its activities to social and cultural activities. C seldom adopted positions on controversial public issues. D overtly challenged the prevailing assumptions about the proper role of women in society.

A played an important role in winning passage of state laws regulating conditions of housing and the workplace.

Ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment is considered a progressive victory because by?: A providing for the direct election of United States senators, it took their election out of the hands of state legislatures. B establishing a regulatory commission for all industry, it furthered the concept of a planned economy. C providing for the income tax, it had the effect of redistributing wealth in the United States. D making the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages illegal, it furthered the progressive goal of moral purity.

A providing for the direct election of United States senators, it took their election out of the hands of state legislatures.

The income tax amendment to the Constitution adopted in 1913?: A recovered revenue lost by reducing the tariff. B applied the same tax rate to all incomes. C redistributed wealth from the rich to the poor. D paid for the social-welfare programs of the Wilson administration. E was repealed at the beginning of the Depression.

A recovered revenue lost by reducing the tariff.

Grover Cleveland, the only Democrat elected president between 1857 and 1912, believed that Government should?: A refrain from paternalistic meddling in the economy. B actively intervene in the economy to guide the nation's industrial development. C work to develop a humanitarian form of industrialism. D regulate the trusts and provide drought relief to western farmers.

A refrain from paternalistic meddling in the economy.

Which of the following groups, organized in the 1880s, reflected anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant sentiments?: A the American Protective Association. B the Liberty Party. C the Knights of Labor. D the National Civic Federation. E the Free Soilers.

A the American Protective Association.

The Platt Amendment of 1901 provided for?: A the United States' right to intervene in Cuba to maintain peace and law and order. B the construction of the Panama Canal. C the leasing of the port of Hong Kong. D a large subsidy to the British to compensate for American diplomatic slights. E the establishment of cavalry under the command of Theodore Roosevelt.

A the United States' right to intervene in Cuba to maintain peace and law and order.

Which of the following enabled city dwellers of the late 19c and early 20c to live in greater comfort and safety?: A the adoption of public health regulations. B the increased use of coal-burning stoves. C pollution-control legislation. D government financing of low-income housing.

A the adoption of public health regulations.

In the late 1800s, the available welfare services were generally provided to the urban poor by?: A the bosses of the city machines. B private philanthropic organizations. C federal relief agencies. D state welfare agencies. E all of these choices are correct.

A the bosses of the city machines.

What was the federal government's attitude toward trusts during most of the Progressive period?: A the government should not interfere with the organization of trusts or their operation. B good trusts should be allowed to exist subject to proper governmental regulations. C the wealth that trusts created justified full government support. D all trusts were bad because they stifled competition. E government should support large trusts and business consolidations.

A the government should not interfere with the organization of trusts or their operation.

Most urban working people opposed the actions of the progressives against the party machines because?: A the machines were a source of jobs and services. B the bosses tended to be of the same nationality as the progressives. C they felt that the progressives were meddling, middle-class snobs who did not understand their lives. D they had been threatened with violence by the bosses if they supported the progressives.

A the machines were a source of jobs and services.

Evidence justifying the use of the label "politics of paralysis" to describe the Gilded Age would include all of the following EXCEPT?: A the period was marked by relatively low voter turnout. B much energy in Congress was expended on political patronage. C parties used such devices as ethnic and religious appeals and entertaining campaign rallies to try to get voters to the polls. D a majority of presidential candidates came from Ohio or New York.

A the period was marked by relatively low voter turnout.

If the gold delegates dare to defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uppermost. Bryan's famous "Cross of Gold" speech called for?: A the unlimited coinage of silver. B lower tariffs. C a revival of greenback paper currency. D renewed religious commitment for all Americans. E federal and social welfare programs to deal with the Panic of 1893.

A the unlimited coinage of silver.

Which statement describes both the "Square Deal" and the "New Freedom"?: A they were the legislative programs of reforming presidents. B they stressed the importance of conservation. C they were chiefly supported by Republicans. D they included only political and legal reforms, not economic reforms.

A they were the legislative programs of reforming presidents.

One theme of the Gilded Age politics was the?: A triumph of urban-industrial interests. B rise of the common man. C extension of government into the private sphere. D triumph of rural-agricultural interests.

A triumph of urban-industrial interests.

After 1890, increased immigration began to present a national problem because?: A unskilled laborers tended to concentrate in crowded urban slums. B contract laborers enabled employers to combat strikes effectively. C the American educational system could not absorb the numbers of immigrant children. D unskilled laborers could not become members of labor unions. E skilled laborers were essential to industry.

A unskilled laborers tended to concentrate in crowded urban slums.

From 1876-1897, political control of the national government in the United States?: A was dominated by the Republican Party. B reflected the general influence of the Socialist Party. C was dominated by the Democratic Party. D reflected a stalemate between the two major parties.

A was dominated by the Republican Party.

The purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to?: A weaken tribes, allot land to individual Indians, and promote assimilation. B geographically disperse the reservations so it would be more difficult for Indian warrior forces to unite. C increase tribal loyalty and reduce violence by allowing chiefs and tribal councils to act autonomously on the reservations. D restore economic viability to the nomadic way of Plains Indian life by revitalizing the bison herds.

A weaken tribes, allot land to individual Indians, and promote assimilation.

In its approach to union organization, the Knights of Labor officially?: A welcomed both skilled and unskilled workers. B stressed the organization of workers by craft. C encouraged the use of the strike. D discriminated against Blacks and women.

A welcomed both skilled and unskilled workers.

The strength of the Democratic party in the Gilded Age lay with?: A white southerners and northern urbanites. B the educated and the affluent. C western farmers and cattlemen. D opponents to the tariff and civil service reform.

A white southerners and northern urbanites.

The Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson upheld which of the following principles?: A "Clear and present danger." B "Separate but equal." C "One man, one vote." D "With all deliberate speed." E "Without redeeming social value."

B "Separate but equal."

The Homestead Act provided?: A that Indians should henceforth own their lands as individuals rather than collectively as tribes. B 160 acres of free land within the public domain to any head of household who would settle on it and improve it over a period of five years. C large amounts of federal government land to Great Plains cattle ranchers who would contract to provide beef for the Union army. D 40 acres of land to each former slave above the age of 21. E that the land of former Confederates should not be confiscated.

B 160 acres of free land within the public domain to any head of household who would settle on it and improve it over a period of five years.

Which of the following became a major exponent of the architectural principle "form follows function"?: A Thomas Eakins. B Frank Lloyd Wright. C August Saint-Gaudens. D Winslow Homer. E Mary Cassatt.

B Frank Lloyd Wright.

8 She was the Afro-American woman, born in slavery and later to become the respected editor of a newspaper, who fought hard against the campaign of lynching used in the south during the 1890s?: A Harriet Beecher Stowe. B Ida B. Wells. C Harriet Tubman. D Dorothea Dix. E Ida Tarbell.

B Ida B. Wells.

What is an accurate contrast between the Populists and politically active Progressives?: A the Populists sought to limit the power of government, the Progressives expanded the power of government to address social needs. B Populist supporters were largely Southern or Western agrarians, Progressive supporters were largely middle class urban professionals. C the Populists made some political gains at the state level, but failed in national politics; the Progressives, ignoring state politics, enjoyed success at the national level. D the Populist Party never won a presidential election, between 1900 and 1920, the Progressive Party never lost one.

B Populist supporters were largely Southern or Western agrarians, Progressive supporters were largely middle class urban professionals.

During the early 1900s, the term "yellow journalism" referred to?: A anti-Asian editorials and articles. B a sensational, often lurid style of reporting of the news. C an expression of opinion, not a reporting of the news. D a reporting of news which reflected the political slant of the city machines and boss rule.

B a sensational, often lurid style of reporting of the news.

The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that?: A rural America would defeat urban America. B a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes. C the South remained solid for the Democratic party. D factory workers would favor inflation.

B a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes.

In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, the United States Supreme Court did which of the following?: A upheld the sanctity of contracts. B affirmed the power of the federal government over commerce. C ruled that federal, rather than state, legislation applied to Native Americans. D held a state law void because it conflicted with a provision of the United States Constitution. E affirmed its power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.

B affirmed the power of the federal government over commerce.

Which of the following was NOT a factor in shaping Gilded Age politics?: A politics was seen more as a way to get office rather than a way to press certain issues. B business remained separate from politics. C in national politics, neither party could keep both a majority in Congress and a president in the White House. D none of the presidents in this period could be described as a strong leader.

B business remained separate from politics.

When Woodrow Wilson became president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country's financial structure was that the?: A large banks were scattered too widely around the country. B currency was inelastic. C Bank of the United States had been greatly weakened. D banking system had been overregulated by the federal government.

B currency was inelastic.

During the first quarter of the 20c, a major concern that influenced our foreign policy was?: A preventing the outbreak of war in Europe. B defending the approaches to the Panama Canal. C creating international machinery to arbitrate disputes. D meeting the challenge of Japanese imperialism. E gaining international acceptance of the neutral concept of freedom of the seas.

B defending the approaches to the Panama Canal.

8 As a result of the introduction of mass transit in cities?: A working-class neighborhoods were broken apart. B different social groups no longer lived close together. C more mixed-use areas consisting of residences, shops, and factories emerged. D human resources were drawn inward toward the central city.

B different social groups no longer lived close together.

The basic economic motivation behind the coinage of silver was to?: A encourage reduced production of agricultural products. B ease the burden of debtors. C increase foreign trade. D encourage increased production of agricultural products.

B ease the burden of debtors.

The main purpose of initiative, referendum, and recall was to?: A reduce federal control over local government. B enlarge citizens' control over state and local governments. C stimulate economic growth. D restore the balance between state and federal power

B enlarge citizens' control over state and local governments.

After the boom of the 1870s and early 1880s, agriculture in the West?: A went into a period of stable growth. B experienced a long period of economic decline. C enjoyed a further boom until the 1910s. D changed little for the next decade.

B experienced a long period of economic decline.

In the 19c, railroads formed pools in order to?: A share equipment and terminals for greater efficiency. B fix prices and divide business for greater profit. C inflate the value of assets and profits before selling the stock. D better serve farmers in remote rural areas. E increase competition by dividing up large companies into smaller ones.

B fix prices and divide business for greater profit.

During the 1890s, leaders who, like Grover Cleveland, favored economic expansion but not the annexation of overseas territory?: A became more vocal and began to dominate government decision making. B gradually lost ground to those who advocated both formal and informal imperialism. C completely abandoned their position in the aftermath of the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War. D came to be concentrated almost exclusively in the Republican party.

B gradually lost ground to those who advocated both formal and informal imperialism.

"Yellow dog" contracts were contracts?: A in which employers agreed not to hire Chinese immigrants. B in which workers promised not to strike or join a union. C that guaranteed that only union members would be hired. D all of these choices are correct.

B in which workers promised not to strike or join a union.

President Grover Cleveland responded to the 1894 Pullman strike by?: A offering to serve as a mediator. B intervening on the side of management. C remaining uninvolved and doing nothing. D intervening on the side of labor.

B intervening on the side of management.

Which of the following statements about the presidential election of 1912 is TRUE?: A it established the Socialist party as the major third party in American politics for many years. B it weakened the progressive wing of the Republican party for many years. C it cracked the Solid South. D it made the Democratic party dominant in Northern cities. E it marked the shift of the black vote from the Republican to the Democratic party.

B it weakened the progressive wing of the Republican party for many years.

The combination of European musical influences with African musical influences dame together in 1890s New Orleans to form a new distinctly American musical style called?: A gospel. B jazz. C folk. D country. E blues.

B jazz.

Thomas Nast achieved fame and influence as a?: A radio commentator. B political cartoonist. C photographer. D film producer. E newspaper publisher.

B political cartoonist.

The Populist movement of the 1890s can best be described as a?: A trade union movement located in major Eastern cities. B political coalition of farming interests directed against banking and railroad interests. C reform movement seeking to eliminate urban poverty and slums. D political interest group desiring a war with Spain to protect U. S. interests in Cuba.

B political coalition of farming interests directed against banking and railroad interests.

In late 19c cases dealing with the rights of blacks, the Supreme Court decided that?: A the Fourteenth Amendment protected citizens from private acts of discrimination but not from governmental acts. B racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities. C poll taxes and literacy tests were illegal. D the civil rights clauses of the Fifteenth Amendment were unconstitutional.

B racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities.

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it?: A revolutionized the business system. B represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business. C actually did nothing to control the abuses of big business. D failed to prohibit some of the worst abuses of big business, such as pools and rebates.

B represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.

The groups that migrated to the cities after the Civil War included large numbers of all of the following groups EXCEPT?: A southern Blacks. B southern Whites. C foreign immigrants. D eastern farmers.

B southern Whites.

The 1880s movement for the eight-hour working day is usually associated with which of the following labor organizations?: A the Teamsters Union. B the Knights of Labor. C the Industrial Workers of the World. D the Congress of Industrial Organizations. E the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union.

B the Knights of Labor.

To justify their policies, the new American expansionists of the late 1800s offered all of the following reasons EXCEPT?: A strong nations were destined by natural law to dominate weak ones. B the U. S. should try to create a community of nations to guarantee world peace. C a strong navy was the key to becoming a great nation, and colonies would serve as bases for such a navy. D the U. S. had a duty to spread its superior institutions to less civilized peoples.

B the U. S. should try to create a community of nations to guarantee world peace.

An important factor in the rapid development of industry in the United States during the last half of the 19c was?: A increasing competition in the oil business. B the availability of capital for investment purposes. C a stable economic cycle. D effective regulation of monopolistic business practices by the national government.

B the availability of capital for investment purposes.

The Populists' subtreasury plan called for?: A a new banking system in America. B the government to advance credit to farmers for crops stored in government storehouses. C a new system of credit for all American workers. D the government to eliminate the crop lien system in the South.

B the government to advance credit to farmers for crops stored in government storehouses.

The major point of difference between the two black leaders Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois was over their view of?: A the need for education. B the importance of better race relations. C the need for immediate equality for blacks and whites. D the significance of independence for Africa. E using white institutions to help the blacks.

B the importance of better race relations.

Which person would most likely have been inclined to vote for William McKinley in 1896?: A an owner of a silver mine. B the president of a bank in Indiana. C a member of the Knights of Labor. D an Illinois farmer with a $5,000 mortgage on his farm. E a person who favored vigorous enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

B the president of a bank in Indiana.

During the 1860s and 1870s, the Grangers carried out all of the following activities EXCEPT?: A they established cooperatives. B they forged a political coalition with organized labor. C they supported political candidates sympathetic to the farmers' needs. D they disseminated information about new scientific agricultural techniques.

B they forged a political coalition with organized labor.

Which statement BEST describes many of the reforms proposed by the Populist Party?: A they were just campaign promises. B they were won through the efforts of other political parties at a later time. C they were undesirable in a democratic country. D they disappeared from public interest.

B they were won through the efforts of other political parties at a later time.

The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government?: A brought democracy to urban dwellers. B was designed to remove politics from municipal administration. C was developed in Wisconsin. D made giant strides under the leadership of Hiram Jackson.

B was designed to remove politics from municipal administration.

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 had in common the fact that they?: A convinced the Populists that they had achieved their goals. B were greatly strengthened by the Supreme Court in the years after they were passed. C ended the Republican domination of the U. S. Senate. D had no impact on the U. S. economy for several years after they were passed. E were intended to do away with the spoils system in politics.

B were greatly strengthened by the Supreme Court in the years after they were passed.

Thorstein Veblen?: A wrote An American Tragedy. B wrote about conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure. C argued that too many industrial experts were becoming business managers. D defended the productive efficiency of big business against its critics.

B wrote about conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure.

The Farmers' Alliances of the 1880s appealed primarily to?: A small farmers in the Northeast who found themselves unable to compete with large Western farms. B established and well-to-do farmers who desired to limit production in order to sustain high prices. C Southern and Great Plains farmers frustrated with low crop prices and mired in the sharecrop and crop lien systems. D owners of the giant "bonanza" farms of the northern plains states who sought special advantages from the government. E Chinese immigrants serving as agricultural workers with low pay and poor working conditions, primarily in the Eastern states.

C Southern and Great Plains farmers frustrated with low crop prices and mired in the sharecrop and crop lien systems.

The federal government's Indian policy between 1876 and 1900 was characterized by?: A an attempt to compensate the Indians for past mistreatment. B a concern for the preservation of a tribal lifestyle among the Indians. C a movement to encourage the Indians to learn the ways of white society. D a program to protect and maintain the buffalo herds.

C a movement to encourage the Indians to learn the ways of white society.

At the Portsmouth Peace Conference ending the Russo-Japanese War, Teddy Roosevelt helped to establish?: A U. S. control over the potentially rich Manchurian peninsula. B that Portsmouth, New Hampshire, would be the headquarters of the World Court established to resolve international disputes. C a new balance of power between the Russians and the Japanese. D the end of British influence over the affairs of China. E the expulsion of all foreign nations from China.

C a new balance of power between the Russians and the Japanese.

Those believing in the idea of the "Melting Pot" predicted that?: A each immigrant group would always maintain its separate identity. B all immigrant groups would eventually adopt an English culture. C a unique American culture would emerge from the blending of Old World cultures. D some immigrant groups would retain their culture while others would gradually blend into the mainstream culture.

C a unique American culture would emerge from the blending of Old World cultures

Jacob Coxey's 1894 march on Washington, D. C. called for?: A tougher immigration restrictions. B a government takeover of the railroads. C an increase in the supply of paper money. D recognition of the legitimacy of labor unions. E generosity in granting pensions to Civil War veterans.

C an increase in the supply of paper money.

The use of African-American troops in the United States Army during the Spanish-American War had the effect of?: A leading to the complete desegregation of the United States military. B promoting a significant, if temporary, wave of racial unity throughout the nation. C arousing racial tensions among troops and with communities around posts, especially in several southern states. D none of the above, for there were no black troops in the United States military at this time.

C arousing racial tensions among troops and with communities around posts, especially in several southern states.

Why did the proportion of women working in clerical jobs increase in the late 19c and early 20c?: A because women had smaller hands than men, they were better typists. B clerical work demanded many different skills that women usually possessed. C because many women had taken typing and shorthand courses in school, employers did not have to invest much in training them. D clerical jobs usually led to the managerial positions that most working women desired.

C because many women had taken typing and shorthand courses in school, employers did not have to invest much in training them.

Labor relations at the end of the 19c were?: A relatively peaceful because welfare paternalism prevailed and employers treated employees like family. B relatively peaceful because employers had successfully eliminated labor unrest. C characterized by violence and thousands of strikes. D occasionally turbulent, but most grievances were dealt with effectively through collective bargaining.

C characterized by violence and thousands of strikes.

With respect to government-controlled public lands, Roosevelt generally favored?: A absolute preservation in their natural states. B leasing for unrestricted private exploitation. C conservation with carefully managed development. D outright sale to private developers who could use the land in any way they wished.

C conservation with carefully managed development.

What did Grover Cleveland think was the way to deal with the Depression of 1893-1897?: A sell $62 million in gold to Wall Street bankers J. P. Morgan and August Belmont. B enact the Sherman Silver Purchase bill. C defend the gold standard and bolster government gold reserves. D purchase 3.5 million ounces of silver.

C defend the gold standard and bolster government gold reserves.

Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" and Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" were similar in that both?: A expanded the rights of states to regulate business operations within state borders. B removed restrictions on the rights of women and minorities. C expanded the government's role in regulating businesses and business monopolies. D removed restrictions on the rights of unions to organize within the workplace. E expanded the notion of individualism inherent in their laissez-faire economic policies.

C expanded the government's role in regulating businesses and business monopolies.

Stalwarts, Half-Breeds, and Mugwumps were?: A names for Democratic Party reformers. B Native American political groups of the late 19c. C factions of the Republican party that fought over issues like civil service reform. D independent political parties.

C factions of the Republican party that fought over issues like civil service reform.

Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom?: A advocated social-welfare programs. B opposed fragmentation of big industrial combines. C favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship. D supported minimum-wage laws.

C favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship.

During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of white farmers in the solid South refused to desert the Democratic party and support the Populist party because they?: A had nothing to gain politically. B had little to gain politically. C feared losing political power to blacks. D believed that too many Populists were former Republicans.

C feared losing political power to blacks.

Both Social Darwinism and classical economics agree that?: A humans are descended from lower animals. B the government should ease the lot of the poor. C free competition promotes human progress. D government ownership of the majority of the means of production is desirable.

C free competition promotes human progress.

The federal government aided settlement into the Great Plains region by all of the following means EXCEPT?: A offering settlers large areas of land at very small fees if they would live there for five years. B making it easy to establish western territorial governments. C giving cash bonuses to every settler who established residency in the new territories. D changing federal land law frequently to adjust to western circumstances.

C giving cash bonuses to every settler who established residency in the new territories.

Which of the following statements best summarizes Theodore Roosevelt's position on trusts?: A trusts are an economic evil and should be destroyed in every case. B only trusts in the railroad and oil industries are acceptable. C good trusts should be tolerated while bad trusts are prevented from manipulating markets. D only trusts in the meatpacking industry should be broken up. E anything that stands in t he way of complete and unrestricted economic competition is evil and should be removed.

C good trusts should be tolerated while bad trusts are prevented from manipulating markets.

Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil?: A its scientists developed processes for refining oil more efficiently. B it bought out the Erie Railroad in order to keep transportation charges low. C its corporate structure--known as horizontal integration--allowed the company to grow tremendously. D it was one of the first companies to invest heavily in advertising.

C its corporate structure--known as horizontal integration--allowed the company to grow tremendously.

Why was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act an improvement over the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?: A its execution was placed squarely in the Attorney General's hands. B for the first time the actions of labor unions were not restricted. C labor unions and farm organizations were no longer considered as monopolies in restraint of trade. D penalties in the form of fines and imprisonment were to be imposed on unions. E labor unions as well as trusts were defined as monopolies in restraint of trade.

C labor unions and farm organizations were no longer considered as monopolies in restraint of trade.

A major reason for the low wages of unskilled workers throughout the late 19c was that?: A most industries simply made too little profit and thus were unable to pass on higher wages to labor. B the great expense of modern factories and equipment made higher wages impossible. C management was able to draw on cheap labor on a global scale. D the cost of living was lower, and so workers required less in wages.

C management was able to draw on cheap labor on a global scale.

As a result of the Depression of 1893?: A the federal government adopted a silver standard of currency. B the Populists expanded their following to the urban working classes. C new attitudes towards poverty and government responsibility emerged. D the Democrats and Republicans unified around strong leaders.

C new attitudes towards poverty and government responsibility emerged.

Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Tammany Hall?: A industrial and business leaders. B organized religion. C poor urban immigrants. D middle-class shop owners. E wealthy rural landowners.

C poor urban immigrants.

Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Populist party?: A having government take over and run the railroads. B increasing the money supply. C raising the protective tariff. D having the people elect U. S. senators instead of state legislatures' choosing them. E none of these choices are correct.

C raising the protective tariff.

The cattle boom on the Great Plains ended in part because?: A many ranchers preferred raising sheep. B too few people were willing to risk investment. C severe weather conditions and overgrazing wiped out many ranchers. D new breeds of cattle made ranching less profitable.

C severe weather conditions and overgrazing wiped out many ranchers.

All of the following joined to create the Populist Party EXCEPT?: A the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. B the Knights of Labor. C the American Federation of Labor. D the Farmers' Alliance.

C the American Federation of Labor.

Mark Twain called the era following the Civil War the "Gilded Age" because?: A it was an age of universal benefit for all Americans. B of the tremendous number of gold strikes that took place. C the glitter and flashiness of the time seemed to mask the ugliness and crass materialism that lay beneath the surface. D the gold and silver issues seemed to dominate the era.

C the glitter and flashiness of the time seemed to mask the ugliness and crass materialism that lay beneath the surface.

The Nineteenth Amendment granting women the right to vote was embraced by many Progressives because?: A a large minority of American voters now favored it. B the women agitating for it moderated the radicalism of their campaign. C the higher moral character of women would help clean up politics. D it could offset growing jingoism and militarism, especially once World War I began.

C the higher moral character of women would help clean up politics.

What reason was given by President Cleveland for intervening with federal troops in the Pullman Strike of 1894?: A the Governor of Illinois requested the troops. B the strike endangered the national health and safety. C the strike interfered with the United States' mails and interstate commerce. D federal property was being destroyed. E the strike endangered the national defense.

C the strike interfered with the United States' mails and interstate commerce.

The anti-imperialists in the 1890s opposed U. S. acquisition of an empire for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?: A acquiring Pacific territories would bring "inferior" Asian races into the nation as potential citizens. B an empire would require a large standing army and entangling foreign alliances. C the vast majority of Americans opposed such empire-building. D imperialism was simply immoral, a repudiation of America's commitment to human freedom.

C the vast majority of Americans opposed such empire-building.

What was a major reason that farmers did NOT settle the Great Plains before 1860?: A they had enough good land in the East. B they had no way to stop cattle ranchers from using the Great Plains for grazing. C they did not know how to cope with the absence of water and trees. D farm families were too small to provide enough labor to plant and harvest crops on the plains.

C they did not know how to cope with the absence of water and trees.

Which of the following was among the objectives of Booker T. Washington?: A to keep up a constant agitation of questions of racial equality. B to encourage Blacks to be more militant in demanding their rights. C to encourage Blacks to work hard, acquire property, and prove they were worthy of their rights. D to urge blacks not to accept separate but equal facilities. E to form an organization to advance the rights of Blacks.

C to encourage Blacks to work hard, acquire property, and prove they were worthy of their rights.

Jane Addams opened a settlement house for which of the following two reasons?: A to earn rent money and to fight the political bosses. B to create a home base for launching a political career and to fight neighborhood crime. C to help her neighbors and to create meaningful work opportunities for educated women. D to clean up Halsted Street and to become the first female war boss.

C to help her neighbors and to create meaningful work opportunities for educated women.

Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled "The Shame of the Cities"?: A attacked the United States Senate. B exposed the deplorable conditions of blacks in urban areas. C unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government. D laid bare the practices of the stock market.

C unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.

Horatio Alger?: A used in influence in Washington to get many of the federal government's large steel orders for Andrew Carnegie. B coined the term "survival of the fittest." C wrote rags-to-riches storied for boys. D was J. Pierpont Morgan's closest friend and financial adviser.

C wrote rags-to-riches storied for boys.

Underneath the surface...the activity of privilege appears, the privileges of the street railways, the gas, the water, the telephone, and the electric-lighting companies. The connection of these industries with politics explains the power of the boss and the machine. Who would most likely have made this statement?: A a Puritan. B a Populist. C a Transcendentalist. D a Muckraker. E an isolationist.

D a Muckraker.

The anti-immigration movement that emerged during the progressive period was fueled by all of the following EXCEPT?: A immigrants were creating unmanageable urban problems. B unrestricted immigration was a threat to the nation's racial purity. C the new immigrants were much less assimilable than were earlier immigrants. D a completely open immigration policy was contrary to American tradition.

D a completely open immigration policy was contrary to American tradition.

President Grover Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because?: A the islands were not particularly productive. B the United States did not have the naval power to protect the islands. C passage of the McKinley tariff made Hawaiian sugar unprofitable. D a majority of native Hawaiian opposed annexation to the United States.

D a majority of native Hawaiian opposed annexation to the United States.

Booker T. Washington believed that the best way for blacks to improve their status in the United States was to?: A struggle militantly against all forms of racial discrimination in order to gain educational opportunity. B form a nationwide council to work for federal laws against lynching. C leave the United States and return to their African origins. D accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society.

D accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society.

The Progressive movement's attitude toward monopoly was one of?: A advocating a cooperative economy. B encouraging the progressive development of trusts which had a social conscience. C ignoring the subject as of minor importance in comparison with dishonest politics and corrupt morals. D advocating the end of corporate privileges in government and the regulation or destruction of trusts. E desiring the institution of profit-sharing.

D advocating the end of corporate privileges in government and the regulation or destruction of trusts.

Which statement best summarizes the Open Door Policy?: A the United States should have its own sphere of influence in China. B Japan should be excluded from trading with China. C China should be punished for its support of the Boxer Rebellion. D all nations should be granted equal trading rights in China. E the United States should control international trade in the Pacific.

D all nations should be granted equal trading rights in China.

During the late 19c, what was the relationship between the southern agrarian protest movement and southern attitudes toward blacks?: A some populists wanted to build an interracial movement and tried to defend the rights of blacks. B most southern populists were antiblack. C the white elite tried to inflame agrarian racism and stimulate urban black sentiment against agrarian radicalism. D all of these choices are correct.

D all of these choices are correct.

Terence V. Powderly, head of the Knights of Labor, advocated?: A a gradual end to the wage system and the reorganization of society on cooperative principles. B temperance. C the admission of blacks into local Knights of Labor assemblies. D all of these choices are correct.

D all of these choices are correct.

The concept of "limited liability" contributed to the development of corporations and was appealing to many Americans because?: A they risked only their own investment and were not responsible for the debts of the corporation. B they did not have to be personally involved in the corporation to purchase stock in it. C entrepreneurs could now amass great sums of money for investment purposes. D all of these choices are correct.

D all of these choices are correct.

The railroads influenced the cattle industry by?: A helping to make the "long drive" economically feasible. B transporting cattle to markets in the North and the East. C bringing in farmers who fenced the Plains, eventually ending the open-range form of cattle ranching. D all of these choices are correct.

D all of these choices are correct.

What happened to bring about the passage in 1906 of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act?: A the revelation that Colden's Liquid Beef Tonic contained 26.5% alcohol. B the disgusting descriptions found in The Jungle. C proregulation pressure from the larger food-processing, meatpacking, and medicinal companies. D all of these choices are correct.

D all of these choices are correct.

Europeans who came to the United States after 1880 have been described as "new" immigrants mainly because they?: A were considered physically and mentally superior to earlier immigrants. B arrived before the closing of the frontier and settled farms in the West. C came chiefly from northern and western Europe. D came generally from different countries than most earlier immigrants.

D came generally from different countries than most earlier immigrants.

Supporters of the Populist Party included large numbers of all of the following groups EXCEPT?: A mid western family farmers. B southern tenant farmers. C western miners. D eastern labor union members.

D eastern labor union members.

The social ethic which prevailed in late 19c America stressed that?: A family background should determine social rank. B social class should determine social rank. C greed had more to do with success than good character did. D economic success was available to anyone who worked hard.

D economic success was available to anyone who worked hard.

The advocates of women's suffrage significantly increased their general public support during the Progressive Era when they put increased emphasis on the argument that women's suffrage would?: A lead to full social and economic power for women within a generation. B increase political power and office-holding opportunities available to women. C bring more women into the industrial work force, thereby countering recession. D enhance the likelihood of the successful enactment of other progressive reform causes.

D enhance the likelihood of the successful enactment of other progressive reform causes.

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act?: A held that trade unions fell under the anti-monopoly restraints of the Sherman Act. B regarded labor as an article of commerce. C helped Congress to control interstate commerce. D explicitly legalized strikes and peaceful picketing.

D explicitly legalized strikes and peaceful picketing.

Which of the following population trends occurred in the United States from 1860 to 1910?: A gradual decline of the rural population in absolute numbers. B shift of the majority of the urban population from central city to suburbs. C significant shift of the population from the North to the South. D faster rate of growth for the cities than for the general population.

D faster rate of growth for the cities than for the general population.

The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890?: A severely hurt creditors by causing an inflationary spiral. B established that the greenbacks issued during the Civil War could remain in circulation. C caused a substantial increase in the nation's money supply. D fixed the government's monthly purchase of silver in weight rather than dollars.

D fixed the government's monthly purchase of silver in weight rather than dollars.

D. W. Griffith's early motion picture, The Birth of a Nation?: A was an attempt to further the prohibition movement. B depicted the important role of women in the shaping of the republic. C was strongly anti-German in content. D furthered racial prejudice because of the way it depicted blacks.

D furthered racial prejudice because of the way it depicted blacks.

The Hepburn Act strengthened the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission by?: A declaring that rate discrimination and rebates were legal. B compelling railroads to file tax reports. C declaring the use of Pinkerton detectives by the railroads null and void. D giving it the power to set maximum rates that railroads could charge. E authorizing it to issue injunctions against the railroads.

D giving it the power to set maximum rates that railroads could charge.

Many employers cut wages in the late 19c by?: A eliminating pension plans. B hiring skilled workers. C eliminating health insurance plans. D hiring women and children.

D hiring women and children.

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion EXCEPT?: A a large pool of unskilled labor. B American ingenuity and inventiveness. C an abundance of natural resources. D immigration restrictions.

D immigration restrictions.

The most dangerous aspect of urban life in the late 19c was?: A opium addiction. B air pollution. C the increase of murders and robberies. D inadequate water and sewage systems.

D inadequate water and sewage systems.

Scholars considered the 1896 election "critical" because?: A it showed that the American people will reject radicalism. B it brought progressive politicians into power. C it discredited the free silver crusade. D it initiated a realignment in the power of the two main political parties.

D it initiated a realignment in the power of the two main political parties.

What was the significance of the Venezuelan crisis of 1895 and America's "jingoistic" behavior?: A it provided Americans with control of the gold of the Orinoco basin. B it proved the cooperative partnership of the new Pan-American Union could work. C it showed that the U. S. should not try to build a canal across Venezuela. D it revived the Monroe Doctrine and strengthened U. S. power in Latin America.

D it revived the Monroe Doctrine and strengthened U. S. power in Latin America.

A closed shop requires workers to?: A receive national security clearance. B promise not to join a union. C receive their pay in cash. D join a union to secure a job. E apply for unemployment benefits.

D join a union to secure a job.

John Dewey's theories on "progressive education" advocated all of the following EXCEPT?: A rote memorization was an ineffective way of earning. B school's developing a student's social outlook. C children best learn by doing. D knowledge of the facts was the purpose of education. E students should be encouraged to work on group projects.

D knowledge of the facts was the purpose of education.

The ideology of progressivism, insofar as it had one, generally?: A called for redistribution of incomes from wealthy to poor and a socialist approach to government. B was rooted in firm and fixed standards of morality and truth. C stressed trying to meet the special needs of each identifiable private interest. D mixed a liberal concern for the poor with a conservative wish to control social disorder.

D mixed a liberal concern for the poor with a conservative wish to control social disorder.

A long-range influence of Samuel Gompers on the American labor movement was his advocacy of?: A unrestricted immigration. B industrial unionism. C compulsory arbitration of industrial disputes. D non-involvement in party politics. E government regulation of hours and wages.

D non-involvement in party politics.

John Dewey was associated with?: A the establishment of the junior high school. B campaigning for child labor laws. C the "back-to-basics" movement. D progressive education. E the establishment of tax-supported public schools.

D progressive education.

The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?: A created strong governmental machinery for dealing with corrupt business practices. B both outlawed rebates. C created price controls for industry. D proved to be ineffective in the regulation of business abuses.

D proved to be ineffective in the regulation of business abuses.

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court argued that?: A segregation on the basis of race was unconstitutional. B the Fourteenth Amendment outlawed practices that emphasized racial distinctions. C separate but equal laws would create separate but unequal facilities. D states could pass laws separating people on the basis of race as long as equal facilities was provided.

D states could pass laws separating people on the basis of race as long as equal facilities was provided.

In his book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890), Alfred T. Mahan argued which of the following?: A that colonial possessions are a drain on the nation's resources. B that a strong merchant marine is less important than a navy. C that naval bases are unnecessary for the protection of colonial possessions. D that great empires are based on naval supremacy. E that land forces are more important than naval forces.

D that great empires are based on naval supremacy.

Helen Hunt Jackson's book entitle A Century of Dishonor (1880) recounted?: A American imperialism and its effects on the middle class. B discriminatory practices employed by the United States government against African-Americans. C the atrocities of the Spanish-American War. D the long record of broken treaties and injustices against American Indians. E the abuses involving big business trusts in America.

D the long record of broken treaties and injustices against American Indians.

Edward Bellamy and Henry George shared the belief that?: A the disadvantages of the competitive system outweighed its advantages. B the clue to real reform lay in the tax structure. C progress accompanied the poverty engendered by private land ownership. D the nation's material progress had not been accompanied by social justice. E the evils of their day were essentially incurable.

D the nation's material progress had not been accompanied by social justice.

All of the following included new outlets for selling consumer goods at the end of the 19c EXCEPT?: A the mail order catalog, for rural residents. B the chain store, for the working class. C the downtown department store, for city dwellers. D the outlying shopping mall, for middle class commuters living at the end of the streetcar lines.

D the outlying shopping mall, for middle class commuters living at the end of the streetcar lines.

The Chinese in America encountered a form of racial prejudice for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?: A the belief that they were recruited by the bosses to undercut wages. B the perception that they threatened the values of "white society." C the feeling that their religious beliefs made them "heathens." D the perception that they were unwilling to perform hand work.

D the perception that they were unwilling to perform hand work.

Which of the following accurately describes a trend in American society in the 1880s and 1890s?: A the middle class declined in numbers and influence. B the percentage of women in the labor force decreased. C most married women worked to support their families. D the workplace became more tightly organized and structured. E the wealthy avoided signs of self-indulgence.

D the workplace became more tightly organized and structured.

One of the primary beliefs of the Farmers' Alliances was that?: A individual competition was the most efficient means of determining fair farm prices. B the ratio of gold to silver should be 18 to 1. C the railroads should be under state, not federal control. D too much power was in the hands of a few corporations and financial institutions.

D too much power was in the hands of a few corporations and financial institutions.

The Niagara Movement, founded in 1905 by W. E. B. Du Bois, fought for?: A cheaper electricity in the St. Lawrence-upper New York region. B greater public involvement in the electricity monopoly. C woman suffrage. D universal suffrage and civil rights for African Americans.

D universal suffrage and civil rights for African Americans.

The "Gospel of Wealth," as advanced by Andrew Carnegie, promoted the concept that people with wealth should?: A give aid directly to the poor. B devout time to the public welfare. C donate the bulk of their wealth to religious institutions. D use their resources to help society.

D use their resources to help society.

In the West, the immigrants who bore the brunt of labor hostility in the 1870s and 1880s were?: A Jewish. B German. C Irish Catholic. D Russian. E Chinese.

E Chinese.

In 1890, Jacob Riis vividly portrayed life in an American urban slum in his work?: A The Jungle. B The Octopus. C Ragged John. D Maggie, Girl of the Streets. E How the Other Half Lives.

E How the Other Half Lives.

After the Granger laws ran into legal problems and were overturned in the case of Wabash v. Illinois, Congress attempted to provide relief through the?: A Sherman Antitrust Act. B graduated income tax. C Atlanta Compromise. D Homestead Act. E Interstate Commerce Act.

E Interstate Commerce Act.

The price which society pays for the law of competition...is great; but the advantages of this law are also greater....[W]hether the law be benign or not, we must say of it: It is here; we cannot evade it;... it is best for the race, because it ensures the survival of the fittest in every department. The above passage is characteristic of?: A Calvinism. B Progressivism. C cultural pluralism. D egalitarianism. E Social Darwinism.

E Social Darwinism.

The United States did NOT restrict immigration during most of the 19c for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?: A there was a continuous demand for cheap labor. B population growth did not present serious ecological problems then. C immigrants from China made excellent workers in building railroads. D many Europeans wanted to immigrate to America. E an amendment to the Constitution was necessary to enact such legislation.

E an amendment to the Constitution was necessary to enact such legislation

Progressives supported greater participation in the political process through all of the following EXCEPT?: A primary elections. B recall. C initiative and referendum. D direct election of senators. E city manager government.

E city manager government.

An important result of the Populist movement was that it?: A split the Republican Party. B helped to discredit the muckrakers. C promoted the acceptance of industrial unionism. D succeeded in gaining enough votes in agricultural states to form the "farm bloc." E helped to liberalize the Democratic party platform of 1896.

E helped to liberalize the Democratic party platform of 1896.

After the Civil War, the West favored the issue of greenbacks because?: A this would increase the market for silver. B the war had raised the prices of food outrageously. C the government was unable to raise funds by marketing bonds. D it wanted hard money backed by the gold standard. E inflation and cheap dollars would favor the farmers, who were in debt.

E inflation and cheap dollars would favor the farmers, who were in debt.

Which of the following statements is LEAST true about immigration to the U. S. between 1880 and 1900?: A most immigrants were unskilled day laborers. B immigration increased steadily during these years. C immigrants tended to be Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, or Jewish. D Chinese immigrants were excluded by law during most of these years. E most immigrants came from northern and western Europe.

E most immigrants came from northern and western Europe.

By the end of the 19c, jingoism in the United States was encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT?: A European imperialism. B yellow journalism. C international Darwinism. D naval views of Alfred Thayer Mahan. E new immigrants.

E new immigrants.

Which of the following did turn-of-the-century American artists tend to make the subject of most of their paintings?: A romanticized images of the American frontier. B realistic portrayals of rural family life. C rapidly disappearing pristine natural landscapes. D abstract images. E realistic urban scenes.

E realistic urban scenes.

In its decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court held that?: A separate facilities for different races were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional. B no black slave could be a citizen of the United States. C Affirmative Action programs were acceptable only when it could be proven that specific previous cases of discrimination had occurred within the institution or business in question. D imposition of a literacy test imposed an unconstitutional barrier to the right to vote. E separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional.

E separate but equal facilities for different races were constitutional.

Which type of governmental assistance was most helpful to labor during the period 1876-1914?: A Presidential support in nationwide strikes. B amendments to the federal Constitution. C federal legislation. D Supreme Court decisions. E state legislation.

E state legislation.

When President Taft called for "Dollar Diplomacy," he advocated?: A that American government money be loaned to underdeveloped countries. B purchasing foreign-owned territories. C the rejection of the Open Door Policy. D encouraging foreign exports by reducing tariffs. E that American businessmen should invest in underdeveloped countries rather than lend those countries U. S. dollars.

E that American businessmen should invest in underdeveloped countries rather than lend those countries U. S. dollars.

McKinley officially urged the Senate to accept acquisition of the Philippines for all of the following reasons EXCEPT?: A we couldn't give them back to Spain. B someone else such as Germany may take the Philippines if we don't. C the Filipinos were unfit for self-government. D we were obligated to Christianize and civilize the Filipinos. E the Phlippines were a potential source for corporate business profits.

E the Phlippines were a potential source for corporate business profits.

The opening of Japan by the United States in the mid-19c was followed by a period of major change known as the Meiji Restoration. Which of the following was one of the major characteristics of the Meiji Restoration?: A the destruction of the "emperor system." B the complete rejection of Shintom and other traditional values. C the colonization of Japan by Western Europe and the United States. D the "refeudalization" of the agricultural economy. E the creation of a modern political state which paved the way for industrialization.

E the creation of a modern political state which paved the way for industrialization.

The first "big business" in America, at least in terms of finance, labor relations, and management, was?: A the oil refining industry. B the telephone industry. C the movie industry. D the steel industry. E the railroad industry.

E the railroad industry.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine established which of the following?: A the right of European nations to forcefully collect debts in the Western Hemisphere. B the right of the United States to build and fortify an Atlantic-Pacific canal. C the independence of Panama from Columbia. D the right of the U. S. to act as an arbitrator in European conflicts with Western hemisphere nations. E the right of the U. S. to act as a police power in the Western Hemisphere nations.

E the right of the U. S. to act as a police power in the Western Hemisphere nations.

Jane Addams is most closely associated with which of the following?: A temperance reform. B higher education for women. C women's suffrage. D Protestant missions. E the settlement house movement.

E the settlement house movement.

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe the Progressives?: A they favored government regulation of business on behalf of the public interest. B they were concerned with the social and economic conditions of the city. C they advocated a more orderly and efficient society. D they called for a stronger state and federal government. E they represented farmers and the working class.

E they represented farmers and the working class.

Theodore Roosevelt's chief criticism of the muckrakers was that they?: A influenced only a limited number of voters. B supplied the Democrats with good political issues. C undermined reforms already in progress. D lacked sufficient documentation for many of their writings. E were more adept at exposing abuses than at constructive efforts.

E were more adept at exposing abuses than at constructive efforts.

The two factors that did most to stimulate rapid western settlement were?: a)the Homestead Act and the railroad. b)removal of the buffalo and Native Americans from the plains. c)the gold rushes and the rise of the great cattle kingdoms. d)the removal of the Indians and the gold rushes.

a)the Homestead Act and the railroad.

The United States' policy toward the Native American changed dramatically with the passage in 1887 of the Dawes Act, which?: a)wiped out tribal ownership of property and granted 160 acres to heads of families. b)treated the tribes as independent nations. c)established new and larger reservations for all tribes. d)granted full citizenship to all tribal members. e)forbade selling alcohol or guns on reservations.

a)wiped out tribal ownership of property and granted 160 acres to heads of families.

During the late 1800s, farmers supported free and unlimited coinage of silver mainly because they believed that it would lead to?: a)the establishment of government farm price supports. b)higher prices for farm products. c)the lowering of rates charged by railroads. d)lower prices for consumer goods.

b)higher prices for farm products.

According to the new view of the environment that was developing in the late 19c?: a)humans tended to be disturbers of nature. b)nature existed to be tamed and conquered. c)natural resources were abundant and existed to be exploited. d)natural wildlife management would help to stabilize the buffalo

b)nature existed to be tamed and conquered

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier shaped America by?: a)killing off many of the most adventurous individuals. b)stimulating individualism, nationalism, and democracy. c)producing institutions very much like those of Europe. d)creating new opportunities for women.

b)stimulating individualism, nationalism, and democracy.

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the end of the open range cattle a)droughts. b)farming. c)railroads. d)barbed wire. e)sheep herding.

c)railroads

The rapid development of railroads in the United States was accomplished?: a)in large measure through the investment of European banking firms. b)exclusively through the support of large numbers of small investors. c)with the help of some of the largest government subsidies ever granted. d)almost totally through the investment of a handful of shrewd millionaires.

c)with the help of some of the largest government subsidies ever granted.

The mining towns which developed between 1860 and 1890?: a)were often abandoned after the mines closed. b)were predominantly settled by men. c)frequently suffered from lawlessness. d)all of these choices are correct.

d)all of these choices are correct.

The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the?: a)Battle of Little Big Horn. b)Battle of Potowanamie Creek. c)Dawes Severality Act. d)Massacre at Sand Creek. e)Battle of Wounded Knee.

e)Battle of Wounded Knee

Open-range ranching came to an end due to?: a)overproduction of beef and declining prices. b)federal support for irrigated agriculture. c)the range wars between cattlemen and sheepherders. d)increase in cattle production in the Midwest and East. e)fencing of the plains with barbed wire

e)fencing of the plains with barbed wire