Unit 6 History Test

Increased anxieties about political radicalism led to restrictions on the freedom of speech.

"We realize that certain bodies of men, who do not believe in the basic principles of our Republic, having taken advantage of American hospitality to secure residence within our territory, have brought into organization a large number of committees and associations whose avowed purpose it is to destroy our Government (using force if necessary) and to place the country under the domination of some such self-constituted commission of Socialists or Bolshevists as has brought anarchy and misery upon Russia. "To nullify the pernicious influence of these enemies of the Republic, we, the undersigned, herewith declare and take oath that we hold ourselves ready to answer any call to defend our country against any and all attempts to change our Government by usurpation or by force. We seek for this pledge the widest publicity and urge all citizens, irrespective of sex, age, creed, or race, who believe as we do in the importance of maintaining American principles, to join us in this pledge. "We further declare our purpose to do our utmost to secure for those who come to our country from foreign lands a clearer and nobler sense of citizenship than they have heretofore realized; and to develop these new residents into understanding American citizens, to emphasize to them the value of the great privilege that is within their reach of securing American citizenship, and to secure their co-operation in combating the pernicious propaganda which aims to undermine the Government." "Petition of the National Security League," 1923 The excerpt best serves as evidence in support of which of the following arguments about the home front during and after the First World War? a. African Americans who moved to cities of the North and West encountered discrimination. b. Middle-class reformers sought to improve living and working conditions for the urban working classes. c. The United States departed from its foreign policy of noninvolvement in order to defend democracy. d. Increased anxieties about political radicalism led to restrictions on the freedom of speech.

refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles

"Article X says that every member of the League, and that means every great fighting power in the world, ... solemnly engages to respect and preserve ... the territorial integrity and existing political independence of the other members of the League. If you do that, you have absolutely stopped ambitious and aggressive war." Woodrow Wilson's statement above was made in justification of his a. opposition to the resolution on racial equality put forward at the Paris peace negotiations by the Japanese delegation b. insistence on "open treaties, openly arrived at" c. decision to send troops to northern Russia and Siberia after the Bolshevik Revolution d. refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles e. refusal to award Fiume to the Italians

A. Mitchell Palmer

"The Department of Justice will pursue the attack of these 'Reds' upon the Government of the United States with vigilance, and no alien, advocating the overthrow of existing law and order in this country, shall escape arrest and prompt deportation." The declaration above was made by

Critiques by radicals of United States foreign policy

"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. . . . The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right." Majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States, 1919 The Schenck case emerged most directly from the context of which of the following? a. African American migration from the rural South to the urban North b. Critiques by radicals of United States foreign policy c. Challenges by women to their prescribed status in society d. Nativist resistance to migration from abroad

Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791

"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. . . . The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right." Majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States, 1919 The restrictions imposed by the Schenck decision most directly contradicted which of the following earlier developments in the United States? a. Arguments for self-government asserted in the Declaration of Independence b. Expansion of voting rights during President Andrew Jackson's administration c. Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791 d. Assertion of federal power over states' rights in the 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland decision

Participants in the Great Migration

"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad.... "We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who, by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possession of the vast continent of our forefathers." Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, adopted at the first convention of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), August 1920 The ideas expressed in Garvey's declaration drew the most significant support from which of the following? a. Presidents favoring colonization efforts b. Urban Progressive reformers c. Former slaves d. Participants in the Great Migration

The concept of self-determination debated at the Treaty of Versailles peace talks

"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color. "We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad.... "We strongly condemn the cupidity of those nations of the world who, by open aggression or secret schemes, have seized the territories and inexhaustible natural wealth of Africa, and we place on record our most solemn determination to reclaim the treasures and possession of the vast continent of our forefathers." Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, adopted at the first convention of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), August 1920 Which of the following most plausibly influenced Garvey's argument in the excerpt? a. New cultural expressions that emerged from the Harlem Renaissance b. Calls for integration of the United States armed forces c. The emerging support for United States intervention in the affairs of Asia and Latin America d. The concept of self-determination debated at the Treaty of Versailles peace talks

It pushed the United States closer to participation in the First World War.

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona." The message above had which of the following effects? a. It was used to justify a declaration of war against Mexico. b. It led to accusations against alleged communists in the State Department. c. It pushed the United States closer to participation in the First World War d. It helped the Hearst newspapers to garner public support for the war against Spain. e. It resulted in the Palmer raids of 1919.

Immigration from Europe peaked in the early decades of the twentieth century.

"We realize that certain bodies of men, who do not believe in the basic principles of our Republic, having taken advantage of American hospitality to secure residence within our territory, have brought into organization a large number of committees and associations whose avowed purpose it is to destroy our Government (using force if necessary) and to place the country under the domination of some such self-constituted commission of Socialists or Bolshevists as has brought anarchy and misery upon Russia. "To nullify the pernicious influence of these enemies of the Republic, we, the undersigned, herewith declare and take oath that we hold ourselves ready to answer any call to defend our country against any and all attempts to change our Government by usurpation or by force. We seek for this pledge the widest publicity and urge all citizens, irrespective of sex, age, creed, or race, who believe as we do in the importance of maintaining American principles, to join us in this pledge. "We further declare our purpose to do our utmost to secure for those who come to our country from foreign lands a clearer and nobler sense of citizenship than they have heretofore realized; and to develop these new residents into understanding American citizens, to emphasize to them the value of the great privilege that is within their reach of securing American citizenship, and to secure their co-operation in combating the pernicious propaganda which aims to undermine the Government." "Petition of the National Security League," 1923 Which of the following evidence best supports the claims made in the excerpt? a. Migration of African Americans gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed ethnic identities. b. Urban political machines thrived by providing immigrants with social services and employment in exchange for votes. c. Progressive reformers disagreed about immigration restrictions. d. Immigration from Europe peaked in the early decades of the twentieth century.

Nativist campaigns led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration from Europe and Asia.

"We realize that certain bodies of men, who do not believe in the basic principles of our Republic, having taken advantage of American hospitality to secure residence within our territory, have brought into organization a large number of committees and associations whose avowed purpose it is to destroy our Government (using force if necessary) and to place the country under the domination of some such self-constituted commission of Socialists or Bolshevists as has brought anarchy and misery upon Russia. "To nullify the pernicious influence of these enemies of the Republic, we, the undersigned, herewith declare and take oath that we hold ourselves ready to answer any call to defend our country against any and all attempts to change our Government by usurpation or by force. We seek for this pledge the widest publicity and urge all citizens, irrespective of sex, age, creed, or race, who believe as we do in the importance of maintaining American principles, to join us in this pledge. "We further declare our purpose to do our utmost to secure for those who come to our country from foreign lands a clearer and nobler sense of citizenship than they have heretofore realized; and to develop these new residents into understanding American citizens, to emphasize to them the value of the great privilege that is within their reach of securing American citizenship, and to secure their co-operation in combating the pernicious propaganda which aims to undermine the Government." "Petition of the National Security League," 1923 Which of the following most directly refutes the argument presented in the third paragraph of the excerpt? a. Racial violence and segregation contributed to a Great Migration during and after the First World War. b. New forms of mass media contributed to greater awareness of regional and international cultures. c. Nativist campaigns led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration from Europe and Asia. d. Controversies emerged over the roles of science and religion in United States culture and education

United States policies favorable to Great Britain undercut American neutrality.

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 The point of view in the excerpt best supports which of the following historical arguments about United States involvement in the First World War before 1917? a. German attacks on American ships justified a United States military response. b. United States policies favorable to Great Britain undercut American neutrality. c. The actions of Germany promoted the democratic principles of the United States. d. Great Britain was defending humanitarian ideals shared with the United States.

Joining the war was a departure from the traditional foreign policy of nonintervention.

"Who has registered the knowledge or approval of the American people of the course this Congress is called upon in declaring war upon Germany? Submit the question to the people, you who support it. You who support it dare not do it, for you know that by a vote of more than ten to one the American people as a body would register their declaration against it. "I venture to say that the response which the German people have made to the demands of this war shows that it has a degree of popular support which the war upon which we are entering has not and never will have among our people. The espionage bills, the conscription bills, and other forcible military measures . . . [are] proof that those responsible for this war fear that it has no popular support. . . . "It was our absolute right as a neutral [power] to ship food to the people of Germany. That is a position that we have fought for through all of our history. . . . "The only reason why we have not suffered the sacrifice of just as many ships and just as many lives from the violation of our rights by the war zone and the submarine mines of Great Britain as we have through the unlawful acts of Germany in making her war zone in violation of our neutral rights is simply because we have submitted to Great Britain's dictation. . . . We have not only a legal but a moral responsibility for the position in which Germany has been placed . . . . By suspending the rule [of law] with respect to neutral rights in Great Britain's case, we have been actively aiding her in starving the civil population of Germany. We have helped to drive Germany into a corner, her back to the wall, to fight with what weapons she can lay her hands on to prevent the starving of her women and children, her old men and babes." Senator Robert La Follette, speech in the United States Senate, 1917 Which of the following can best be concluded about United States involvement in the First World War based on the point of view expressed in the excerpt? a. The vast majority of popular opinion was in favor of declaring war. b. Americans did not assert rights of neutrality early in the war. c. Joining the war was a departure from the traditional foreign policy of nonintervention. d. Cultural connections made Americans sympathetic toward the Allied Powers.

expanded job opportunities in Northern factories

African American migration to the urban North during the First World War was due primarily to

Central Powers; Allies

As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria—Hungary as leaders of the _______________, while Russia and France were among the _______________.

know how to answer this

Briefly explain Wilson's goal for the Paris Peace Conference. Briefly explain the reason WIlson was unable to achieve all his goals. Briefly explain the impact of the Treaty of Versailles

limit United States sovereignty

Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations would

Italians and Poles

In the period from 1900 to 1921, which of the following groups made up the largest share of immigration to the United States? a. Italians and Poles b. Mexicans and Cubans c. English and Irish d. French and Germans

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

Match each civilian administrator below with the World War I mobilization agency that he directed. A. George Creel B. Herbert Hoover C. Bernard Baruch D. William Howard Taft 1. War Industries Board 2. Committee on Public Information 3. Food Administration 4. National War Labor Board

loans from the American public.

Most of the money raised to finance World War I came from

voluntary compliance

Most wartime mobilization agencies relied on _______________ to prepare the economy for war.

promote the right of national self-determination

One stated objective of Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace after the First World War was to a. promote the right of national self-determination b. destroy the Central Powers' military strength c. provide monetary assistance to rebuild Europe d. ensure the military dominance of the United States over the European powers e. ensure that the Central Powers paid the Allied nations for war damages

shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy.

President Wilson viewed America's entry into World War I as an opportunity for the United States to a. reestablish the balance of power in European diplomacy. b. rebuild its dangerously small military and naval force c. shape a new international order based on the ideals of democracy. d. expand America's territorial holdings. e. establish a permanent military presence in Europe.

support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court

The United States home front during the First World War was marked by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT a. government regulation of fuel, food, and transportation b. participation of women in factory work, government service, and volunteer work c. tax rates on individuals and estates d. support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court e. employment opportunities for African Americans and Mexican Americans

battlefield victories.

The United States' made the least of their contributions to the Allied victory in World War I in the way of

suspected communists and anarchists

The Palmer Raids of 1919 were conducted against

fear of communism and radicalism

The Palmer raids of 1919 to 1920 were most closely related to the

been willing to compromise with League opponents in Congress.

The Senate likely would have accepted American participation in the League of Nations if Wilson had

Germany and Mexico

The Zimmermann note involved a proposed secret agreement between

arouse public support for the Treaty of Versailles

The cartoon above portrays President Wilson trying to

During and immediately after the First World War

The first massive migration of Black Americans from the South occurred during which of the following periods a. In the decade after the Second World War b. During and immediately after the First World War c. During the Great Depression d. Immediately following the Civil War e. During the civil rights movement of the 1960's

Jeanette Rankin

The first women to be elected to congress was

fears that immigrants were dangerous radicals or would increase competition for jobs

The policy suggested in the image was most directly a response to a. beliefs that immigrants would help establish a more multicultural and diverse United States b. concerns that immigrants would draw on social welfare resources c. fears that immigrants were dangerous radicals or would increase competition for jobs d. demands that the government play a smaller role in regulating immigration

mobilize popular support for the First World War

The purpose of the Committee on Public Information, headed by George Creel, was to

prohibition; women's suffrage

Two constitutional amendments adopted in part because of wartime influences were the Eighteenth, which dealt with _______________, and the Nineteenth, whose subject was _______________.

The United States public expressed widespread anti-German sentiment.

Which of the following occurred on the home front during the First World War? a. The federal government issued rationing coupons for food and gasoline. b. The United States government placed Japanese Americans in relocation camps. c. The United States public expressed widespread anti-German sentiment. d. Women joined the military in large numbers. e. Military commanders desegregated the armed forces.

acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for

It was established to mobilize domestic support for the war effort during the First World War.

Which of the following correctly describes the Committee on Public Information? a. It was an antislavery group that formed after the Compromise of 1850. b. It was established to mobilize domestic support for the war effort during the First World War. c. It was the effort led by Samuel Adams to rally colonists against British taxes. d. It was the first organization to oppose legalizing abortion. e. It was a business lobby against Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.

Business executives and industrialists

Which of the following groups would have been most likely to oppose the policy suggested in the image? a. Leaders of organized labor unions b. African American migrants to northern cities c. Social Darwinists and nativists d. Business executives and industrialists

recognition of Allied economic and territorial agreements made during the war

Wilson's Fourteen Points incorporated all of the following EXCEPT a. national self-determination b. recognition of Allied economic and territorial agreements made during the war c. freedom of the seas d. creation of an international organization to preserve the peace and security of its members e. open diplomacy

the unconditional adherence of the United States to the charter of the League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson hardened Senate opposition to the Treaty of Versailles by his refusal to compromise on the issue of a. protectorate status for African colonies seized from Germany b. reparations limited to the amount Germany could afford to pay c. the border between Italy and Yugoslavia d. the unconditional adherence of the United States to the charter of the League of Nations e. plebiscites to determine the new borders of Germany