unit 7

What climate zone is represented by the Climate 1 polygon?

Midlatitude Steppe

Arctic sea ice reached a historic minimum in 2012 that was approximately __________ the size of the long-term average recorded during 1979-2000.

one half

Data from what length of time are represented on a climograph?

30 years

Based on the data in the Average Temperature Change folder within the High Emissions Scenario, which of the following statements is most strongly supported?

The mid-latitude landmasses are projected to increase in temperature more than the low-latitude landmasses.

Which of the following important agricultural regions will likely experience the greatest decrease in average precipitation in the high emissions scenario?

American Southern Plains

According to the data in the Deaths from Climate Change folder, what world region has the highest death rates attributable to climate change?

sub-saharan africa

A speed of 40 kilometers per hour is typical of the movement of a middle latitude cyclone across the landscape.

true

Calculate the projected mean annual temperature for each location in the year 2100, and determine how each of these cities rank in terms of global warming. Note that the future temperature of a location can be determined by adding the future temperature increase to the initial temperature provided. Also, note that the number of decades between year 2000 and year 2100 is 10. Finally, some locations may have the highest or lowest temperatures in 2000, but may not necessarily have the highest and lowest temperatures in 2100. The rate makes all the difference! Rank the locations by temperature from greatest to least.

*from greatest to least* Washington DC, Madrid, Melbourne, Montreal, Copenhagen

Which of the following explains why these climates are nevertheless found along the continental margins of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans?

Atmospheric circulation primarily occurs from west to east. These regions are more eastern; therefore, they are impacted by circulation from the west. The continental bodies on which these zones are found are too large for the whole land mass to be affected by the ocean.

Based on your comparison of the climograph (representing 30 years of data) and the single year of weather data for Terre Haute, which three of the following statements are probably true? *Check all that apply.*

Flooding was most likely a problem in Terre Haute in June 2008. August 2008 precipitation was far below average in Terre Haute. Weather in a single year can be very different from that of the 30-year average shown in a climograph.

What global surface component of pressure and wind correlates with the area expected to see the greatest increase in precipitation by 2090?

ITCZ

In Terre Haute, Indiana, which month has the lowest average precipitation?

January

What climate zone is represented by the Climate 2 polygon?

Sub-Arctic

Based on your careful review of the climographs for Terre Haute and for Cape Town, South Africa (repeated below), which three of the following statements are probably true?

Terre Haute, Indiana, is in the Northern Hemisphere, while Cape Town is in the Southern Hemisphere. Terre Haute, Indiana lies outside of the tropics. Agriculture in and around Terre Haute, Indiana, does not generally require irrigation because there is sufficient precipitation, but agriculture in Cape Town may need it.

How does the total annual precipitation for Terre Haute in 2008 compare with this city's 30-year average climate?

The total annual precipitation for Terre Haute in 2008 was about 10 inches higher than its 30-year climate average.

Which of the following cities is represented by the data presented in Climograph 1?

Winnipeg, Manitoba

The Greek classification of climate included all but ________.

a knowledge of longitude

Based on their locations relative to significant latitudinal regions, which of the following cities would likely fall within the region once defined as the "Torrid Zone" by the Greeks?

abuja

The hottest places on Earth are ________.

associated with a lack of clouds

The highest rainfall totals in the world are found in the Dfc type of climate.

false

Which North American region is projected to see the greatest increase in growing season length by 2080?

quebec

The correct designation for a hurricane is as a(n) ________.

tropical cyclone

The accompanying table lists the monthly rainfall data (in millimeters) for three cities in Africa. Use the data in this table to determine the correct location for each city (1, 2, or 3) on the accompanying map. Be sure to consider the type of climate each city would have when making your determinations. Drag the appropriate label (City A, B, or C) to its correct location on the map (1, 2, or 3). *Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.*

*top to bottom:* City B, City A, City C

Which climate type is known for clear skies in the summertime?

Csa

What climate zone is represented by the Climate 4 polygon?

Humid Continental

In Terre Haute, Indiana, one month has the highest maximum and minimum temperatures and is virtually tied for the highest average monthly precipitation. Which month is it?

July

Which of the following statements is best supported by the information in the Malaria in Africa folder?

Malaria transmission will increasingly occur at higher elevation locations.

While climate change has been commonly associated with global warming, there will be other severe changes to the climate and Earth's system. A warming climate will change the patterns and frequency of precipitation and droughts, flooding, extreme weather, sea levels, fire hazards, power and transportation systems, and even our own health and safety. The figure below depicts some of the impacts that are likely to be associated with climate change. Using the figure below, correctly match the climate-change impact with the appropriate continent.

North America - the continent with the greatest risk of melting ice Europe - the continent least susceptible to increased storm intensity Australia - the continent least at risk of increased precipitation and floods Africa - the continent that is most susceptible to more droughts Asia - the continent that is the most susceptible to more fires

Which of the following cities is represented by the data presented in Climograph 2?

San Francisco, CA

Based on the data in the Runoff Projection folder, which of the following rivers would likely see the biggest decrease in runoff by 2080?

colorado river

What color smoke coming from a coal-fired power plant would indicate wasted fuel?

black

Which of the placemarks in the Extreme Locations folder has the highest recorded temperature?

c

The desert would be the obvious zone of origin of a(n) ________ air mass.

cT

Many pollutants from coal-fired power plants are properly managed today. Which of the following is currently considered to be the biggest threat to the environment?

carbon dioxide

The minimum area of Arctic sea ice cover has been __________ as air and water temperatures have been __________ over the past several decades.

decreasing, increasing

Arctic sea ice naturally __________ during the dark, cold winters and __________ during the spring and summer.

expands, contracts

In a warm front, warm air pushes underneath cold air.

false

All fossil fuels, including coal, are considered an indirect form of ____________ energy.

solar

In terms of general location of a climate, in what place would one expect to find a humid continental climate in the United States?

the Great Lakes (Buffalo, NY)

Which of the following locations would see the greatest amount of average temperature change by the 2090s?

the arctic

Which of the following statements is not correct about the description of changes in greenhouse gas concentrations and temperature?

In the late 20th century, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide had almost the same concentration.

During peak usage, what happens to the cost of electricity?

it almost always increases

On the following diagram identify the following features: *Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.*

top left: monthly precipitation top right: avg. max. temp. left box: temperature middle box: avg. min. temp. right: precipitation

Polar and subarctic climates generally have small precipitation totals. However, these climates are classified as humid rather than dry. Which of the following statements help to explain this apparent paradox?

In cold climates, the low temperatures mean there is little evaporation. In these climates, the net precipitation is greater than the evaporation, even though there is little precipitation.

What climate zone is represented by the Climate 3 polygon?

Tropical Wet

As sea ice melts and becomes liquid water, __________ heat is then absorbed from the Sun, creating warmer surface waters.

more

Where is electricity made at a coal-fired power plant?

generator

Based on characteristics of air masses, one could correctly infer that cold fronts are uncommon in the tropical latitudes.

true