Unit 8 chemistry

Real gases differ most from an ideal gas at low temperature and high pressures

The conditions when real gases are most likely to differ from ideal gases.

Charles law

The direct relationship between temperature and volume is known as

Deposition

The direct solidification of a vapor by cooling.

0c

The equivalent value of 273.15k is

Charles law

The volume is directly proportional to the temperature.

Ok=-273c

This is the lowest possible temperature and the temp at which particles stop moving (no ke).

Barometer

Uses the height of a column of mercury to measure gas pressure in millimeters of mercury.

Pressure, number of moles, volume, temperature

What are the four variables for describing a gas and their units.

Gas particles are small and far apart, gas particles are constantly moving rapidly in random directions, elastic collisions occur between particles, this means that when gas particles collide, no ke is lost, ke is transferred from one particle to another

What are the three assumptions ofkinetic molecular theory.

Pressure and temperature

What are two conditions that affect the state of matter of a substance.

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases.

What is Dalton's law of partial pressure.

Ok= -274c

What is absolute zero.

760 mmhg

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level.

Straight line passing through the point 0 0

A graph of pressure versus temperature in kelvins of a gas at constant volume and fixed mass is a

Two phases exists in equilibrium

A line separating the phases on a phase diagram represents conditions at which

Compressibility

A measure of how much volume of matter decreases under pressure.

Pressure and temp at which a sublime exists as a solid liquid or gas

A phase diagram is a graph that gives the conditions of

Decreases

According to boyle's law, if the pressure of a gas increases, the volume will

All matter constricts of tiny particles that are in constant motion

According to the kinetic theory

T+n

Constant for boyle's law.

P+n

Constants for Charles law.

N

Constants for combined gas law.

V+n

Constants for gay lussac's law.

Triple point

Describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another.

Kinetic energy

Energy due to an objects motion.

STP

Established standard temperature and pressure.

Decreases

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume increases as the pressure

Billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas simotaniously colliding with a gas.

Gas pressure is the result of

Of the space between the particles

Gases are easily compressed because

Pressure

Gay lussac's law shows a direct relationship between temp and

Solids

Have a definite shape and volume.

Liquids

Have a definite volume, but no defiine shape.

Temp and ke are dirctly proportional, meaning that as temp increases, average ke increases

How are temp and ke related.

Intermolecular attractions of solids

Strong IA's keep particles tightly packed and really close together.

Charles law

Temp and volume are directly proportional, pressure and moles are constant, the graph is a straight line with a slop of 1.

Normal boiling point

Temp at which a liquid boils at 101.3 KPa.

Normal melting point

Temp at which a solid melts at 101.3 KPa.

Evaporation, Condensation, Freezing, Melting, Sublimation and Deposition

The 6 phase changes of matter.

Gases

No definite shape or volume.

Gay lassacs law

Pressure and temp are directly proportional. Volume and moles are constant. The graph is a straight line.

Boyles law

Pressure and volume are inversely related. Temp and moles are constant. The graph is an L shaped curve.

Double

Raising the temp of a gas from 0c to 273c at constant pressure cause the volume to

True

Solids have a definite shape and volume

Decreases

As one goes further up in altitude, the atmospheric pressure

100 kpa

Assuming all other conditions are constant, what is the new pressure of a gas if the original pressure is 50 kPa and the kelvin temp is doubled.

The motion of the particles ceases and there is no kinetic energy

At absolute zero, write a true statement.

760 mmhg

At sea level, the barometric pressure is equal to

Low temperatures and high pressures

At what two conditions do real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior.

Decreases

Atmosphere pressure blank as elevation increases.

The variables n and p remain constant

In Charles law,

Remains the same because they are elastic collisions

In collisions between ideal gas molecules, the total kinetic energy o the gas

Melting

Is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid.

Evaporation

Is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated.

Condensation

Is the change of water from its gaseous form (water vapor) into liquid water.

Sublimation

Is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

Low temperatures and high pressures

The ideal gas law will be least likely to predict the behavior of a real gas at

Intermolecular attractions of liquids

The particles in liquids are attracted to each other. The IA's keep particles close together.

Gay lussac's law

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.

Boyle's law

The pressure varies inversely with volume.

Freezing

The process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid.

Inversely, pressure go up as volume goes down

The relationship between the variables for boyle's law.

Directly proportional

The relationship between the variables for gay lussac's law.

Directly proportional

The relationship between variables for Charles law.