Unit 8 chemistry
Real gases differ most from an ideal gas at low temperature and high pressures
The conditions when real gases are most likely to differ from ideal gases.
Charles law
The direct relationship between temperature and volume is known as
Deposition
The direct solidification of a vapor by cooling.
0c
The equivalent value of 273.15k is
Charles law
The volume is directly proportional to the temperature.
Ok=-273c
This is the lowest possible temperature and the temp at which particles stop moving (no ke).
Barometer
Uses the height of a column of mercury to measure gas pressure in millimeters of mercury.
Pressure, number of moles, volume, temperature
What are the four variables for describing a gas and their units.
Gas particles are small and far apart, gas particles are constantly moving rapidly in random directions, elastic collisions occur between particles, this means that when gas particles collide, no ke is lost, ke is transferred from one particle to another
What are the three assumptions ofkinetic molecular theory.
Pressure and temperature
What are two conditions that affect the state of matter of a substance.
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases.
What is Dalton's law of partial pressure.
Ok= -274c
What is absolute zero.
760 mmhg
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level.
Straight line passing through the point 0 0
A graph of pressure versus temperature in kelvins of a gas at constant volume and fixed mass is a
Two phases exists in equilibrium
A line separating the phases on a phase diagram represents conditions at which
Compressibility
A measure of how much volume of matter decreases under pressure.
Pressure and temp at which a sublime exists as a solid liquid or gas
A phase diagram is a graph that gives the conditions of
Decreases
According to boyle's law, if the pressure of a gas increases, the volume will
All matter constricts of tiny particles that are in constant motion
According to the kinetic theory
T+n
Constant for boyle's law.
P+n
Constants for Charles law.
N
Constants for combined gas law.
V+n
Constants for gay lussac's law.
Triple point
Describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another.
Kinetic energy
Energy due to an objects motion.
STP
Established standard temperature and pressure.
Decreases
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume increases as the pressure
Billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas simotaniously colliding with a gas.
Gas pressure is the result of
Of the space between the particles
Gases are easily compressed because
Pressure
Gay lussac's law shows a direct relationship between temp and
Solids
Have a definite shape and volume.
Liquids
Have a definite volume, but no defiine shape.
Temp and ke are dirctly proportional, meaning that as temp increases, average ke increases
How are temp and ke related.
Intermolecular attractions of solids
Strong IA's keep particles tightly packed and really close together.
Charles law
Temp and volume are directly proportional, pressure and moles are constant, the graph is a straight line with a slop of 1.
Normal boiling point
Temp at which a liquid boils at 101.3 KPa.
Normal melting point
Temp at which a solid melts at 101.3 KPa.
Evaporation, Condensation, Freezing, Melting, Sublimation and Deposition
The 6 phase changes of matter.
Gases
No definite shape or volume.
Gay lassacs law
Pressure and temp are directly proportional. Volume and moles are constant. The graph is a straight line.
Boyles law
Pressure and volume are inversely related. Temp and moles are constant. The graph is an L shaped curve.
Double
Raising the temp of a gas from 0c to 273c at constant pressure cause the volume to
True
Solids have a definite shape and volume
Decreases
As one goes further up in altitude, the atmospheric pressure
100 kpa
Assuming all other conditions are constant, what is the new pressure of a gas if the original pressure is 50 kPa and the kelvin temp is doubled.
The motion of the particles ceases and there is no kinetic energy
At absolute zero, write a true statement.
760 mmhg
At sea level, the barometric pressure is equal to
Low temperatures and high pressures
At what two conditions do real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior.
Decreases
Atmosphere pressure blank as elevation increases.
The variables n and p remain constant
In Charles law,
Remains the same because they are elastic collisions
In collisions between ideal gas molecules, the total kinetic energy o the gas
Melting
Is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid.
Evaporation
Is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated.
Condensation
Is the change of water from its gaseous form (water vapor) into liquid water.
Sublimation
Is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
Low temperatures and high pressures
The ideal gas law will be least likely to predict the behavior of a real gas at
Intermolecular attractions of liquids
The particles in liquids are attracted to each other. The IA's keep particles close together.
Gay lussac's law
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature.
Boyle's law
The pressure varies inversely with volume.
Freezing
The process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid.
Inversely, pressure go up as volume goes down
The relationship between the variables for boyle's law.
Directly proportional
The relationship between the variables for gay lussac's law.
Directly proportional
The relationship between variables for Charles law.
