Unit 8 Reading Assignment

phenyl

-C6H5

PVC

rigid, resistant to most chemicals

LDPE

translucent, soft, flexible

PETE

transparent, shatter-resistant, impervious to acids and atmospheric gases

Which of the following are different forms of polystyrene? Select all that apply.

Expandable Crystal

Which of the "Big Six" polymers would most likely be used to make milk containers?

HDPE

Which type of synthetic polymer is the most recycled in terms of millions of pounds?

PET

What is the most common monomer arrangement for PVC, PP, and PS?

Repeating head-to-tail

The term "shifting baseline" refers to _____.

a change in what people expect as "normal"

A ___________-____________ product is fabricated from different percentages and types of recycled materials.

recycled-content

Which of the following options correctly describe a polymer? Select all that apply.

-A polymer is made up of repeating units called monomers. -The prefix poly indicates that a polymer is made up of many smaller units. -Polymers have high molecular masses.

methyl

-CH3

Which of the following options correctly describe the recycling of plastics? Select all that apply.

-Codes on plastic containers help to separate different types of polymers. -Once sorted, plastics are melted.

Which of the following options correctly describe eco-friendly polymers? Select all that apply.

-Eco-friendly polymers have been used in automobile parts. -Eco-friendly polymer waste decomposes easily. -Eco-friendly polymers are made from materials such as wood, cotton, starch, and sugar.

Which of the following structural properties are associated with LDPE? Select all that apply.

-Molecules of this polymer consist of 500 monomeric units. -The polyethylene chain is branched.

Which of the following options correctly describe condensation polymerization? Select all that apply.

-Nylon is an example of a condensation polymer. -When the monomers of a condensation polymer combine a small molecule is eliminated.

Which of the following statements correctly describe/define the word plastic? Select all that apply.

-Plastic is sometimes used a synonym for synthetic polymer. -Plastic is both an adjective and a noun.

Which of the following are advantages of recycling? Select all that apply.

-Recycling may contribute to lower pollution of air, water, and soil during manufacture. -The amount of waste in landfills is reduced. -Recycling helps us to conserve natural resources such as petroleum, timber, and water.

Which of the following options correctly describe biodegradable polymers? Select all that apply.

-Some biodegradable polymers do not degrade in landfills due to the lack of oxygen and microorganisms. -Biodegradable polymers contain monomers that create weak spots in the polymer chain.

Which of the following are examples of shifting baselines? Select all that apply.

-The Internet is accepted as a normal way of life. -People in technological cultures no longer remember life without electric lighting.

A phenyl group ______. (Select all that apply.)

-is composed of a 6-membered ring of carbon atoms -has the formula -C6H5

Sustainable packaging ______. (Select all that apply.)

-is recovered effectively after use -is safe and healthy for individuals throughout its life cycle -optimizes the use of renewable or recycled source materials

Which of the following statements correctly describe true recycling? Select all that apply.

1. True recycling requires synergy by many different people and agencies. 2. True recycling involves a closed loop where materials are collected, sorted, and converted into consumer products that are later recycled. 3. True recycling needs to be marketed in order to have a consumer base for the products produced.

What type of forces are a result of an attraction between molecules due to a distortion in the electron cloud, which causes an uneven distribution of negative charge?

Dispersion forces

Which of the following statements correctly describe polystyrene? Select all that apply.

Expandable polystyrene is light and a good thermal insulator. Crystal polystyrene is hard and brittle.

Which of the following physical properties is associated with a polymer that possesses amorphous regions?

Flexibility

Which of the following is/are considered municipal solid waste (MSW)? Select all that apply.

Grass clippings Old microwave Banana peel

What forces cause polyethylene to be a solid material?

London dispersion forces

most to least recycled

PET HDPE PVC

Which of the "Big Six" polymers would most likely be used to make clear soda bottles?

PETE

Which of the following polymers are formed through addition polymerization? Select all that apply.

PP LDPE HDPE PS PVC

Which of the following options correctly describe the applications of the big six polymers? Select all that apply.

PP is used in the manufacture of carpeting. PS is used to fabricate food wrap.

Which of the following options correctly describe plasticizers? Select all that apply.

PVC commonly contains plasticizers. Plasticizers disrupt the regular packing of polymer molecules.

Crystalline region

Polymer molecules are arranged in a regular pattern.

Amorphous regions

Polymer molecules are disordered and random.

Why are biodegradable polymers not currently widely employed?

The environmental impacts of degrading biodegradable polymers are unclear.

Five of the "big six" polymers undergo _____ polymerization.

addition

What is the name of the functional group in hexamethylenediamine?

amine

The waste most produced in the United States is of _____ origin.

biological

A thermoplastic polymer _____.

can be melted and reshaped with heat

Polymers that are formed by a combination of functional groups such that a small molecule (e.g., water) is eliminated are known as ______ polymers.

condensation

The repeating head-to-tail monomer arrangement is the most common for PVC, PP, and PS. This arrangement provides more _____ regions in the polymer.

crystalline

Polymers can possess different regions, which are characterized by the degree of order in the polymer chains. Regions of the polymer that are very ordered are called _____ regions, whereas regions of the polymer that are very disordered are called _____ regions.

crystalline; amorphous

What is the name of the functional group in ethylene glycol?

hydroxyl group or alcohol

Dispersion forces are a type of _____ force that causes an attraction between molecules that results from a distortion of the _____ cloud that causes an uneven distribution of charge.

intermolecular; electron

The intermolecular forces that cause polyethylene to be a solid material are ______ forces.

london dispersion

PP

opaque, very tough, resistant to oils, high melting point

most abundant waste to least abundant waste

paper food scraps yard trimmings plastics metals

Which of the following starting materials is NOT used to synthesize eco-friendly polymers?

petroleum

A compound that is added in small amounts to make a polymer more soft and pliable is called a(n) _____.

plasticizer

starting with the most desirable activity at the top of the list:

reduce reuse recycle recover

HDPE

rigid, tough, dense

PS

somewhat brittle, rigid, dissolves in many organic solvents

Packaging materials designed and used in such a way to reduce their environmental impact are called _____ packaging materials.

sustainable