Unit 9: The Endocrine System

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother breast?

Prolactin (PRL) and oxytosin

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ____.

addison's Disease

male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called _____________.

androgens

which of the following is a potent stimulator of alderon release?

angiotensin ||

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.

anterior pituitary gland

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitery?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH); #2

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________.

antidiuretic hormone (ADH); #4

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming more urine and as a result, increases blood pressure?

antidiuretic hormone(ADH); #1

Which hormone is known as vasopressin do to its effect on blood pressure by causing constrictions of arterioles (small arteries)?

antidiuretic hormones (ADH); #3

a hormone produced by the heart, known as __________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and pressure.

atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The two hormones releced by the pituitary gland are _______.

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Hypersecretion of the glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor , results in _______.

cushing's Syndrome

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of the antidiuretic hormone(ADH)?

diabetes

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

endocrine system

The fight-or-flight response triggers the release of ______.

epinephrine

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to stimulate production of red blood cells by the bone marrow?

erythropoietin

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?

estrogens and progesterone

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.

follicle-stimulating hormones

cortisone and cortisol are types of ___________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

glucocorticoids

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

goiter

Hormones of the Hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete it's hormones. how would you classify this type of endocrine stimulation?

hormonal

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called __________.

human chorionic gonadotropic

Which hormone, produced by the placenta, stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone so that the lining of the uterine is not sloughed off in menses>

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood concentration of calcium ions. this mechanism operates by a __________.

humoral stimulas

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?

increased blood pressure

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ______ to decrease levels.

insulin

Which two important hormones are produced by the islet cells (islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas?

insulin and glucose

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone as _________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

insulin; glucagon

The pineal gland produces _____.

melatonin

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?

melatonin

As the efficiency of the ovaries declines in middle age, a woman's ability to bear children ends. What is this known as?

menopause

the hypothalamus makes two hormones ___________ and __________, they are stored By the Posterior Pituitary.

oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

What gland releases catecholamine?

pancreas

calcitonin is made by the _____ cells of the thyroid gland

parafollicular

Tetany resulting from uncontrollable muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the ________.

parathyroid glands

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to __________.

pituitary dwarfism

which endocrine gland is closely associated with the hypothalamus?

pituitary gland

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes ______.

promote the formation of sex cells

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to _________.

reabsorb sodium ions

Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

regulates salt content in the blood

Some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?

sleep aid

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?

steroid hormone

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?

stimulation of the posterior pituitary

The hormone produced by male testes which is necessary for sperm production?

testosterone

In the second messenger system, what serves as the first messenger.

the hormone

water soluble hormones, such as protiens and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________.

the second-messenger system

What is the primary function of thymosin?

thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes

Which gland is located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum?

thymus

what is the target organ of the thyrotropic hormone(TH), or Thyroid-stimulation hormone(TSH)?

thyroid

the body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called _____.

thyroid hormone

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release Thyroxine (T4)?

thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Select the statment that best describes the function of the tropic hormones.

tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones