unit five, civil liberties and civil rights

Which Amendment to the Constitution extended the protections guaranteed in the Bill of Rights to intrusions by State governments?

14th Amendment

Which amendment deals with religion?

1st

The strongest suggestion of a right to privacy comes from which amendment?

4th

Because Miranda v. Arizona requires the police to inform you of your rights at the beginning of the PROCESS of arrest, it is inherently a...

5th amendment case.

Which amendment guarantees you the right to confront your accusers (to cross examine witnesses against you)?

6th Amendment

The rights of the accused can be found in which amendments?

8, 6, 5

Your right to privacy is constructed from which amendments?

9, 1, 3, 4

Chambers v. Babbitt

A federal court would use the Tinker Standard to determine whether the principal's decision to ban the t-shirt was legal. The Fraser Standard applies to obscene, lewd, and/or vulgar language. The Hazelwood Standard applies to speech related to school sponsored activities. The Morse Standard is reserved for student speech that advocates the use of illegal drugs. Elliot's t-shirt though partially symbolic conveyed a political message. The case that established the Tinker Standard was Tinker v. Des Moines. In this case the court described the "disruption test." In order for a school to ban political speech, they must prove there is the likelihood of substantial disruption to school activities as a result of the speech. Some important facts that would support the Principal's position were: 1) there were 14 fights prior to January 16, 2) one fight led to the hospitalization of a student, 3) students had complained to administration, 4) a student "perceived as gay" had his/her car vandalized and 5) a heated argument concerning sexual orientation had previously occurred outside of school but involved current students. Some important facts that would support Elliot were: 1) none of the 14 fights documented sexual orientation as the root cause, 2) he had worn the t-shirt before with no disruption 3) only 1 student had complained to administration directly 4) the principal chose not to investigate the "heated discussion" at the JAM meeting 5) it was the principal that described the "heated discussion" as "gay-bashing". In Chambers v. Babbitt, 145 F. Supp. 2d 1068 (D. Minn. 2001), the Court said: To the extent that Principal Babbitt's Jan. 17th decision was based on the tendency of the "Straight Pride" message to offend others, then the prohibition of the t-shirt was unconstitutional, and That facts presented to the Court do not support a finding that the Jan. 17, 2001 decision was based on a reasonable belief that a "substantial disruption with school activities" would occur.

The opinion in Greece v. Galloway reflected which view point?

Accommodationist

Which of the following standards requires that the plaintiff prove that the publisher of the libelous statement knew that the statement was false and acted with reckless disregard for the truth?

Actual Malice

Which of the following rights is in the Sixth Amendment?

All of these are rights contained in the Sixth Amendment: Your right to a lawyer. Your right to a jury of your peers. Your right to a speedy and public trial.

Which Supreme Court case said the Bills of Rights applied only to the National Government?

Barron v. Baltimore

The Imminent Lawless Action test was established in which Supreme Court case?

Brandenburg v. Ohio

In which of the following Supreme Court cases, did the court rule that calling someone a "********ed racketeer" and a "damned fascist" in a public place did not convey ideas and were, therefore, not sbuject to First Amendment protections. The court described these utterances as "fighting words" - words that "inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace".

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire

In the Declaration of Indepedence, Thomas Jefferson claimed "all men are created equal." Does civil liberties or civil rights seek to expand our concept of "men" and achieve this lofty goal?

Civil Rights

What are the three things you might look for to determine "excessive entanglement?"

Coercion, Oversight, Perception

The 8th Amendment protects from which of the following government actions?

Cruel and Unusual Punishment

14th amendment

Defines citizenship as all persons born or naturalized in United States (ratified July 9, 1868).

What was the compelling state interest in Wisconsin v. Yoder?

Education

The "Thumb" of the fifth amendment allows government to take private property from public use. This power is called?

Eminent Domain

Official sponsored prayer in public schools, even if voluntary, was ruled to violate the Establishment Clause in the 1962 _ Supreme Court case.

Engel v. Vitale

Which court case said that "school-led," "school-initiated" prayer is unconstitutional?

Engel v. Vitale

The origins of the prohibition agaist prior restraint comes from

England

Which of the following would not be considered symbolic speech?

Evan McMullin tweets "the President has no credibility".

"Warrantless" searches are totally illegal and unconstitutional.

False

A person cannot be tried twice for breaking both a federal and state law with one criminal act.

False

An accused can refuse to be fingerprinted, photographed, or part of a police lineup.

False

As was the case in the O.J. Simpson trial, judges sometimes allow federal trials to be televised.

False

Even if people give up their Miranda rights, their statements to police cannot be used in court.

False

In certain cases, the Constitution allows the government to pass laws that penalize a person who has not had the benefit of a trial.

False

One amendment allows voters to direct their representatives on how to vote on certain issues.

False

Police can usually search your car without probable cause because your car is mobile and evidence could be easily destroyed.

False

Soldiers and sailors that commit crimes have the same legal protections as other citizens.

False

The Constitution only protects the civil liberties of U.S. Citizens.

False

The Sixth Amendment does not guarantee legal representation for those accused of minor crimes.

False

The right to free assembly and petition guaranteed by the First Amendment allows any type of activity during assembly.

False

Which type of speech has the lowest level of protection ?

Fighting Words

8th amendment

Forbids unreasonably high ball to be set by courts. Also, punishment may not be cruel or unusual (such as torture).

Which is NOT a right guaranteed in the 1st Amendment?

Freedom from Unreasonable Search and Seizure

Which was the first freedom to be selectively incorporated?

Freedom of Speech

Which Supreme court case incorporated your sixth amendment right to counsel/lawyer in all felony cases?

Gideon v. Wainwright

Which case incorporated the right to counsel in all felony cases?

Gideon v. Wainwright

Which court case started the process of selective incorporation, the process that extended the Bill of Rights protections to intrusions from State Governments?

Gitlow v. New York

2nd amendment

Gives state militias the right to bear arms or keep weapons.

Which Supreme Court official recognized/constructed a right to privacy?

Griswold v. CT

The Supreme Court ruled that ta state law prohibiting the use of birth control was unconstitutional in the case of

Griswold v. Connecticutt

1st amendment

Guarantees and protects freedoms of religion, assembly, press, petition, and speech.

In which student free speech case did the Principal exercise prior retraint when remove articles on teenage pregancy and divorce prior to the publication of the student newspaper?

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

Which of the following are elements of the 5th Amendment? I. the Right to Remain Silent II. The Right to an Attorney III. A Grand Jury Protection IV. A Protection against Double Jeopardy V. A Right to a Jry Trial

I, III and IV only

Which of the following were the "facts of the case" in Lemon v. Kurtzman? I. Rhode Island was using taxpayer funds to pay teachers in parochial (religious) schools. II. The Board of Regents of New York had authorized a short voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of the school day. III. A school district permitted student-selected and student-led prayer to be delivered via the public address systewm at the district's homw football games. IV. Pennsylvania was paying teacher in private school to provide secular (non-religious) education services. V. A city council passed an ordinance prohibiting the possession of animals for sacrifice and slaughter as practiced in the rituals of Santeria.

I. and IV. only

What does libel mean? I. written defamation of a person's character or reputation II. broadcasted defamation that exposes a person to public hatred III. published pictures that defame a person's character IV. oral defamation of a person's character or reputation V. publishing in print lies about a person

I., II., III. and V. only

Which of the following are elements of the 6th Amendment? I. The Power of Eminent Domain II. The Right to a Jury of your Peers III. The Right to the Assistance of Counsel IV. An Assurance of Due Process V. The Right to Cross-examine Witnesses

II, III,and V only

What does "abridge" mean in the context of the first amendment? I. A span over an otherwise impassable expanse II. to curtail III. to shorten without losing the sense or meaning IV. to lessen in scope and authority V. to preserve

II. and IV. only

Which are clauses that pertain to religion? I. the Equal Protection Clause II. the Free Exercise Clause III. the Due Process Clause IV. the Supremacy Clause V. the Establishment Clause

II. and V. only

All of the following are reasons to preserve the freedom of the press except

If the story is untrue, there is already a remedy.

Vernonia v. Acton

In order for "government" to conduct a search/seizure in this location, what does the government need to have. The location in this case study is public school. "Government" is then school officials. The standard needed to search is "reasonable suspicion". Which court case established this precedent? The Supreme Court case that established this precedent was New Jersey v. T.L.O. How would you describe "Mary Jane's" expectation of privacy in this situation? One would apply the expectation of privacy test. Remember it is a two part test. The court agreed that the forced collection and testing of urine was a search. Thus there was at least some expectation of privacy. However, this expectation is less when the government (the school) is acting as a temporary custodian. As schoolmaster, government has more power to supervise and control students, then it would if they were outside of school. The fact that students are required to take physical examinations and be vaccinated is evidence of this lessened expectation of privacy. Student athletes have even less expectation of privacy in that they typically change clothes in a communal locker room, submit to additional physical examinations, and accept additional behavioral regulations. Ultimately, the Court determined the privacy expectation compromised by obtaining urine samples is minimal in that the conditions for collection are the same conditions students would typically experience in any public restroom. The privacy concern around the information collected from the urine sample was addressed because the test only looked for standard drugs, not medical conditions such as epilepsy or pregnancy. Finally, this information was shared with a small "need to know" group. How would you determine the "reasonableness" of this search? How dangerous is the item? How reliable is the information? How badly is the person's privacy invaded? The court determined that the "reasonableness" of the search was judged by balancing the intrusion against the legitimate government interest (the prevention of drug abuse at school). Apply the standard/precedent to this scenario? Answer the question "was 'Mary Jane's' rights violated? No. Mary Jane's rights were not violated. Explain how you got to yes or no. In this case the government interest to prevent drug use and abuse at school, particularly among athletes where use could lead to injury of the athlete or others, was "important enough" to warrant the suspicionless search of all student athletes. This interest outweighed the limited expectation of privacy outlined in question 3.

What are the two conditions that have to be met for government to take your private property?

It must be for public use and You must be given just compensation

What was the 1971 Supreme Court case that established a three-part test for determining if a government law or action violates the Establishment Clause?

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Which Supreme Court case created the test used to determine if a government action violates the Establishment Clause?

Lemon v. Kurtzman

So, first, expectation of privacy, do you have more or less expectation of privacy in school than home?

Less

Civil liberties is connected to which constitutional principle?

Limited Government

The language of 4th amendment demands that a judge use which philosophical attitude toward the Constitution?

Loose Constructionist

What court case incorporated the exclusionary rule as protection against search conducted by state and local police?

Mapp v. Ohio

What was the name if the court case that incorporated the exclusionary rule?

Mapp v. Ohio

The right of an accused person to be informed of his or her right to a lawyer is a provision of the

Miranda Rule

In __________ the Supreme Court ruled that the police must proactively inform you of your rights?

Miranda v. Arizona

Where would I have a greater expectation of privacy?

My house

Which Supreme Court decision said that the censorship of the content of a story before it is in print or aired on television is unconstitutional?

Near v. Minnesota

Which Supreme Court decision created the standard/precedent/ test that the courts use to determine whether a public official has been libeled?

New York Times v. Sullivan

In which of the following Supreme Court decisions did the Court uphold the prohibition against prior restraint and at the same time limited the President's power of executive privilege?

New York Times v. the United States

Where would I have a greater expectation of privacy?

On my cell phone in my house

5th amendment

Outlines legal rights of people in criminal proceedings. Before being brought to trial for a felony, a person must be charged with a specific crime. Persons may not be tried twice for the same crime. A person can not be forced to give testimony against himself in court. Persons accused of a crime are entitled to due process - that is, a fair hearing or trail. The government may not seize private property for public use without paying the owner a fair market price.

The highest level of protection is reserved for what type of speech?

Political Speech

7th amendment

Preserves the right of trial by jury in civil cases or cases involving parties contesting private matters.

4th amendment

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires a warrant if there is a probable cause or reason to believe that a search will produce evidence of a crime.

6th amendment

Protects the rights of people in criminal cases and guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial. The accused must be told the charges against him and must be allowed to have a lawyer.

9th amendment

Provides that the people retain certain rights, even though the Constitution does not specifically list them.

Which of the freedoms from the 1st amendment suggests an assumption of privacy?

Religion

The Free Exercise Clause of the Constitution would prevent the government from all of the following except?

Requiring students to stand during the Pledge of Allegiance

3rd amendment

Says that lodging for soldiers in private homes is only permissible with the consent of the owner.

10th amendment

Says that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states. This amendment limits the power of the federal government.

In which of the following Supreme Court cases, did the court say "The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent." The "clear and present danger" standard was later replaced by the "imminent lawless action" standard.

Schenck v. United States

Which of the following term is used to describe the process by which the rights in the Bill of Rights have been applied to the States on a case by case, right by right basis?

Selective incorporation

What test can be used to determine if a government requirement interferes with the free exercise clause?

The Balance Test

Separationists elevate the importance of which clause in the first amendment?

The Establishment Clause

Accommodationst elevate the importance of which clause in the first amendment?

The Free Exercise Clause

Which of the following standards is the current test the courts use to determine if government can regulate your speech (not in school)?

The Imminent Lawless Action Test

Otto Pan v. Inta Fyre

The Superintendent or Principal would use the Lemon Test to determine whether Zach can read his story in front of the class. Courts were already applying the first two prongs of the Lemon Test prior to 1971, it was Lemon v. Kurtzman that added the third prong. In this case you would have to prove that : There is a secular/non-religious purpose to the reading of the story in front of the class; The reading of the story in front of the class neither advances nor inhibits religion; or The reading of the story in front of the class does not result in excessive government entanglement with religion. Here are some facts that support Mr. Pan's solution to allow Zach to read the story in private to him. Zach's story comes from The Beginner's Bible: Timeless Children's Stories. The story is an adaption of Genesis 29: 1-30:20. Zach would read the story during the school day. Zach would read the story in front of classmates. The reward was teacher designed. Zach's classmates are required by law to be in school. Here are some facts that would support Zach reading the story in front of the class. Zach chose the story, not the teacher, not the school, not government. All students who met the proficiency goal in reading were allowed to choose a story. The story met the length and complexity requirement. No other students were asked to read their stories in private. If Zach read the story in private, Zach would be treated differently based on the content of his story. No, Zach does not get to read his story in front of the class. Zach's reading of the story does not violate the first prong of the Lemon Test. The purpose of this activity was to reward students who had met a reading proficiency goal. However, it does violate the second prong of the Lemon Test. The reward was neutrally available to all students regardless of religion. (Okay) The religious story selected was the result of individual choice and not school choice. (Also, okay) However, there would be an indirect benefit to religion if the school provided the time and space for the reading of the story. The time and space provided is a result of a school/government decision and not Zach's. The reward is a school-sponsored/school-designed activity. Moving on to the third prong, entanglement, allowing Zach to read the story, could be perceived as the school endorsing religion. Finally, and most importantly, there would be a coercive element in that Zach's classmates do not have a choice. They have to be in school. Principal Fyre could be sued for violating Zach's right to freely exercise his religion based on the content of her conversation with Zach's mother. Specifically, the comments "there was no place in public school for the reading of the bible" and "maybe you should take your child out of public school, since you don't appear to be public school material". Principal Fyre appears to demonstrate hostility towards religion and creates a climate where Zach might fear to engage in student initiated, student-led prayer at school.

Which is not a prong of the Lemon Test?

The action/rule neither can regulate a practice but not a belief.

Which clause of the 14th Amendment allowed for the expansion of civil liberties, specifically as protections from intrusions by State governments?

The due process clause

What are the two conditions that limit the government's eminent domain power?

The government must justly compensate you and the property taken must be for a public use.

Though Federalist 84 was a big fail, Hamilton's agrument was addressed in the Bill of Rights. Which amendment suggests that the people have more rights than are listed?

The ninth amendment

What does the 9th Amendment say?

The rights listed in the Bill of Rights is not an exhaustive list. There are more rights the people have.

Potential jurors cannot be disqualified based on their race, gender, or religious beliefs.

True

Probable cause could be defined as evidence that would convince a reasonable person that a crime has been committed or is in the process of being committed.

True

The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments and serves to protect civil liberties.

True

The Constitution prevents the government from making laws that punish a person for actions that were considered legal when they were committed.

True

The Eighth Amendment has been used to challenge the death penalty.

True

The First Amendment gives individuals the right to express their concerns to government officials.

True

To protect the rights of a person accused of a federal crime, the Fifth Amendment requires that a grand jury determine if there is sufficient evidence for the government to bring a case.

True

In which of these situations do you not have a right?

While you are sleeping at a friends house, your parents decide to search your room.

In what previous case did the Supreme Court also use a balance test - where a compelling interest of the government is weighed against an individual freedom?

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Can the police use evidence gathered in a LEGAL search even if it wasn't what they were looking for to gain a conviction?

Yes

If you are driving and are pulled over by the police, have you been "seized?"

Yes

Your First Amendment freedon of speech guarantee would not protect you from which of the following actions?

You post a video of yourself burning the American Flag while at a Black Lives Matter protest, your employer, Chick Fil A, fires you.

What elements are being balanced against each other in the balance test?

a compelling interest of the state, the free exercise clause clause

What is the Free Exercise Clause?

a person's First Amendment right to his or her individual religious beliefs

The public trial requirement of the 6th amendment is designed to be

a protection for the accused

Which is the best defintion for a "bright line rule"?

a standard with no alternative interpretations

Which action is more intrusive on a student's privacy?

a strip search of the student

Again, in order for a public official to successfully sue for libel, the public official would have to prove

actual malice.

Which of the following is NOT associated with the concept of civil liberties?

additional power given to government to protect the rights of the people

Which of these are grounds for a warrantless search?

all of these are grounds for warrantless searches: when you have been "seized" base on valid grounds when the evidence is in plainview when the police are in "hot pursuit" when the person has consented to the search

Jurisprudence is best defined as

all the important court cases on a topic.

The Fifth Amendment protects the accused from self-incrimination

all: by requiring the police to tell a suspect that he or she may refuse to answer questions. by allowing the accused to refuse to testify. by preventing the police from using physical force to get a confession.

The Sixth Amendment's guarantee of a speedy trial

all: keeps a defendant who cannot pay bail from being held in jail for long periods. makes it less likely that the witnesses will forget important details. decreases the risk of lost evidence.

What is the primary reason to have freedon of speech?

allow for the criticism of government

The 1984 Equal Access Act

allowed student-run religious groups to meet in public schools.

Which is not an liberty guaranteed by the 1st Amendment?

assembly petition press religion speech ... search and seizure

The establishment clause of the Constitution would prevent the government from all of the following actions except?

banning female Muslim staff members from wearing hijabs in school

Why was a change of venue requested in Timothy McVeigh's trial?

because McVeigh's lawyers felt that he cold not get a fair trial in Oklahoma City

Why does the First Amendment forbid the establishment of an official religion?

because an official religion might discourage the practice of other religions

According to Supreme Court rulings, which of the following is not a form of symbolic speech that is protected by the First Amendment?

burning a draft card

In which of the following ways does the Fourth Amendment protect a person's right to security?

by preventing a police officer from stopping and searching a person in public without probable cause

The Constitution prevents a person from being held in jail without reason

by requiring a writ of habeas corpus.

Cable television stations have greater constitutional protections than other stations because

cable stations do not use public airways

What guidelines has the Supreme Court used to determine what is cruel and unusual punishment?

current social standards

Fifth Amendment guarantee that the government will use fair and lawful procedures when fulfilling its functions

due process

According to the 14th Amendment, States cannot take your life, freedom or stuff without

due process.

The _ Clause of the 1st Amendment would not allow a local government to place a religious holiday display, such as a nativity, in a public park.

establishment

The exclusionary rule says that

evidence obtained in an illegal search cannot be used to gain a conviction in court.

Prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court

exclusionary rule

In addition to guaranteeing the rights of freed slaves, the Fourteenth Amendment

extended due-process requirements to actions by the states.

The fourth amendment prevents

government from conducting unreasonable searches and seizures.

A presentment is a

grand jury report stating that there is enough evidence to justify a trial.

The importance of D.C. v. Heller is that it concluded that the second amendment

guarantees an individual's right to bear arms.

"And to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation" is linked to what latin phrase that mean "show me the body?"

habeas corpus

The federal government can suspend the right to habeas corpus

in times of rebellion or invasion.

What are civil liberties?

individual rights that cannot be violated by the government

What is a more reliable source of information?

information gathered from student interviews

One provision of the Eighth Amendment is that a

judge cannot set excessive bail.

According to guidelines set by the _ test, it is constitutional to provide interpreters for deaf children attending religious schools because doing so ensures equal access to education.

lemon

The Supreme Court has ruled that the First Amendment does not allow _, a written statement or visual presentation intended to hurt a person's reputation.

libel

Judicial interpretativism is the attitude toward the Constitution as...?

loose constructionism

Which of the following is an exception to prior restraint?

national security

What does a school official need to search a student's locker?

nothing

Child pornography and other types of offensive material are considered _ and are not protected by the First Amendment.

obscenity

What is more dangerous in a school setting?

personal use of opiods the distribution of opiods

Government's authority to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the people, limited by due process

police power

The basic idea to the fourth (4th) amendment is:

police/law enforcement cannot search your stuff without probable cause and a warrant signed by a judge

Prior restraint can be best defined as

pre-publication censorship of the press

The First Amendment prevents the government from using _ to censor information or idea that someone might seek to publish in a newspaper.

prior restraint

Which freedom is not protected in the first amendment?

privacy

In order for a valid warrant to be issued, the police must have _ to believe that a crime has occured or is occuring.

probable cause

Reasonable grounds upon which a law enforcement officer can request permission to search a person's property

probable cause

Fairly applying a law that requires a group to get a permit to hold a parade is an example of

procedural due process

The Supreme Court has ruled that to remain neutral toward religion, the government may exempt religious organizations from paying _ taxes.

property

The Third Amendment prohibits government from

quartering soldiers in your home.

Suspicionless searches are sometimes allowable. The example in the video was

random traffic stops to search for drunk drivers.

What is the standard for a school official to search a student's person, belongings or effects?

reasonable suspicion

The standard for searches in schools and traffic stops is This means

reasonable suspicion a person could reasonably believe that a crime has been committed or is about to be committed

What is the standard needed to conduct a search in school setting by a school official

reasonable suspicion only

The Second Amendment guarantees your

right to bear arms

The fourth (4th) amendment seeks to balance _ and _

security, liberty

The use of language that encourages rebellion against the government is _ and is not protected by the First Amendment.

sedition

Adjudication

series of steps that determine whether a claim should be paid

New York Times v. Sullivan established the test for libel against a public official as false statement that

shows actual malice

The basic idea to the 3rd Amendment is that:

soldiers cannot take over your home

Among the 12 amendments originally proposed for the Bill of Rights was one that would have

specified how congressmembers would be compensated.

Which group of people do not have the same protections against searches and seizures?

students

Standard that the courts may apply to determine if a law itself is reasonable or a violation of constitutional rights

substantive due process

Which amendment allowed for the incorporation of the Bill of Rights as protections against State government intrusions?

the 14th Amendment

Which amendment to the Constitution allowed for the incorporation of the Bill of Rights?

the 14th Amendment

What two amendments are most associated with the constructions of your due process rights?

the 5th and 6th Amendments

What amendment guaranteeing a right to a jury tiral in civil cases was briefly mentioned in Episode 28?

the 7th Amendment

What body decides if laws or policies violate constitutional freedoms?

the Supreme Court

McDonald v. the City of Chicago is important because

the Supreme Court incorportated a prior interpretation of the 2nd Amendment to apply to the States as well as the national government.

The Supreme Court in Lemon V. Kurtzman ruled that the actions of the Government as detailed in the facts of the case violated the establishment clause of the Constitution because

the action led to excessive government entanglement with religion.

In a test of sedition laws, what rule did the Court establish to decide if an expression was seditious and not protected by the First Amendment?

the clear and present danger test

Because of the New York Times v. U.S., the burden of proving the need for prior restraint falls on

the government.

Up to 1868, it was understood that the Bill of Rights only protected you from intrusions by which level of government?

the national level

Which of the following religious practices did the Supreme Court rule an exception to the Free Exercise Clause because the practice broke the law or threatened the public good?

the practice of bigamy by Mormons

Which part of the 8th Amendment is considered a right of the accused, not a right of the guilty?

the prohibition against excessive bail

The First Amendment does not protect

the right to bear arms.

One reason for keeping trials public is

to allow the public to see ow the judicial system works.

A warrant is required

to listen in on a person's private telephone conversation

Why might the government limit individual freedoms?

to protect the safety and health of the public

In the interest of national security, the U.S. government limits free speech by outlawing _, any act that aids a U.S. enemy during wartime.

treason

Which of the following is an example of what the courts have generally defined as hate speech?

verbally insulting someone of a different race to the point of causing a disturbance

In order to search your house, the police tpyically need _____ which is supported by the oath or affirmation of a judge.

warrant

The 5th Amendment contains all of the following except:

your right to a speedy and public trail.