Unit Test 1

Machiavelli's concept of virtù, of an intuitive leader, was an derived in part from the political theories of

Aristotle

The fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans was possible through the use of ____ bombardment.

Cannon

Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest are two examples of what kind of European interest in China?

Catholic missionary

In his preface, Cervantes claimed he had written Don Quixote of La Mancha to "ridicule the absurdity" of notions of

Chivalry

Henry the Navigator of Portugal occupied the Moroccan port of Ceuta, claiming that it had once been

Christian

The Ottoman's benefitted from the trade of a new commodity. _________ which was produced in Ethiopia and yemen

Coffee

Coffeehouses allowed the literate urban public to meet, read ___________, and exchange ideas.

Daily newspapers

Odo Nobunaga employed what in his endeavor to unify Japan under his authority in the late sixteenth century?

European guns

"Renaissance" thinkers and artists considered their period a time of "rebirth" (the literal meaning of the word in the ________ language).

French

Humanism was an intellectual movement that focused on human culture, in such fields as philosophy, philology, and literature, and based on the corpus of Greek and Roman texts

Greek and Roman

After Vasco da Gama circumnavigated the African continent in 1498, Portugal was able to open up direct trade relations with what Asian nation?

India

After its fall to the ottomans, Constantinople became known as

Istanbul

The caravel was developed in __________ to make travel along the Atlantic easier.

Lisbon

Isaac Newton's _________ Principles of Natural Philosophy, published in 1687, was the towering achievement of the New Sciences.

Mathematical

Although Babur's forces at the battle of Panipat were outnumbered, he had what technological advantage?

Muskets

What were moriscos in fifteenth-century Spain?

Muslims who had converted to Christianity

Akbar had the Mahabharata and Ramayana translated into

Persian

A central doctrine of Calvin's Protestantism was his belief in

Predestination to heaven or hell

In the fourteenth and fifteenth century, China's population dropped from 100 to 60 million, largely due to

The Black death

The main impulse for the revivalist movement know as the "Great Awakening" of the 1730s and 1740s was:

The tour of the Methodist preachers John and Charles Wesley through Georgia.

How did the Qing improve traditional Chinese guns?

They added a matchlock firing mechanism

Under Süleyman "the Magnificent" most of the Janissaries were stationed in barracks in and near the

Topkapi Palace

In the Persian-hindu synthesis known as the "Mughal Style" of painting, what was the Hindu contribution?

Vibrant colors

Blaise Pascal's theories about altitude and air pressure led to what practical application of the vacuum?

Weather-forecasting

Bombay was an important acquisition by the British East India Company because it gave the company

a good harbor

Both the Salem Witch Trials and the Great Awakening revolved around

a literal or fundamentalist interpretation of Protestantism.

Although he limited their powers in many ways, how did Tokugawa Ieyasu increase the power of the daimyo and samurai?

allowed them power over all commoners

One factor causing the Protestant Reformation was the raising of revenue by the church through the indulgence, for

ambitious building projects

Bartolomé de las Casas became an opponent of the encomienda system after he

became a priest and then a monk

What new branch of mathematics did Newton and Leibniz simultaneously develop?

calculus

In the seventeenth century, the preferred non-alcoholic drink in Western Europe was

coffee

Mansabdars were a class of elite bureaucrats who served the Mughal emperor by sometimes furnishing soldiers for war and by their primary function,

collecting taxes

The Songhay emperors were able to dominate vassal states because the Songhay taxed what trade?

gold

Although Benin traded fewer slaves to Europe than other West African states, Benin did increase its trade of slaves for

guns

Ming military power was based on their command of gunpowder weapons, and as early as the 1390s, what were the Ming doing with their guns?

mounting them on ships

How did upper caste Hindus view Muslims, including the Mughals?

ritually unclean

Eighty percent of all African slaves transported to the Americas worked on _________ plantations.

sugar

Although silk remained important, Europeans in the eighteenth century became increasingly interested in importing what from China?

tea

The navigation acts of 1651 and 1660 required all goods transported from England to American colonies to be

transported on English ships

Hobbes speculated that humans in a state of nature would always choose to:

wage war