Unit V: Communication
Nursing Diagnosis for patient difficulty communicating
Impaired verbal communication
The nurse should be aware of communication blocks
True
Types of Channels of communication
Visual,Kinetic, Verbal/Non-verbal
Communication factors of Diagnosis
Many patients experience difficulty with communication
Denotative Communication
understood the same way for all of a culture
Small group communication
communication occurring within small groups. Goal oriented.
interpersonal Variables
factors within both the sender and receiver that influence communication
Factors of communication during Assessment
Physical and emotional Developmental Sociocultural Gender
Nonverbal communication includes
- personal appearance - posture and gait - facial expression - eye contact - gestures - sounds - territoriality and personal space
Non-therapeutic communication Techniques
Blocks the development of a trusting and therapeutic relationship
Timing
Communicate to patient when they are unimpaired or not distracted
Message
Content from the sender
Communication and the planning phase
Continuity of care; collaborating with other health care members
Environment
Influences communication. Determines the confidence of those involved. Determines how much and what they will share.
Transpersonal
Interaction within a person's spiritual domain "prayer"
Vocab with a patient
Make sure to speak in terms patient can understand. Be careful using medical terms and slang.
Channels of communication
Means of conveying message.
Communication in the Evaluation phase
Nurse's and clients need to determine whether the plan of care has been successful What was effective Does the plan need modification
Examples of Non-therapeutic Blocks to communication
Personal questions Giving opinions Changing subject Automatic responses- stereotyping (not taking concerns seriously) False reassurance (hope) Sympathy- concern, sorry, pity. It's nice NOT therapeutic Asking explanations- why? Giving approval or disapproval- opinions/judgement Defensive/aggressive responses- says pt no right to opinion Arguing- challenges pt, implies pt is lying, misinformed, or uneducated
What are the phases of the nurse patient relationship?
Preorientation Orientation Working Termination/Transition
Examples of Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Sit facing the patient Observe an open posture Lean toward a patient Establish and maintain intermittent eye contact Relax Sharing observations Sharing hope Showing humor Sharing empathy-communicate this Sharing feelings- do not take personal emotions put on you Using touch Silence- promotes patient to talk Providing info- give details; allow pt to make decisions Clarify- "I'm not sure I understand.. are you saying" Focusing-key details med. side effects, treatments Paraphrasing- restate patients words in your own words Questions- relevant; seek more info Summarizing- review key aspects
Adapting Communication Techniques
Techniques used in dealing with patients with sensory alterations or cultural differences
Implementation of communication
Therapeutic communication techniques Non-therapeutic communication techniques Adapting communication techniques
Feedback
The receiver's response to a message
Connotative communication
Understanding based on thoughts, feelings, and ideas about the word.
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and ideas and convey acceptance and respect and to achieve a positive relationship.
Elements of Professional Communication
appearance, demeanor, behavior, courtesy, use of names, trustworthiness, autonomy and responsibility, assertiveness
Metacommunication
broad term that refers to all factors that influence communication
Relevence
information presented should be relevent at the time
Public
interaction with an audience
Referent
motivates one person to communicate with another
Professional Nursing Relationships
nurse-patient nurse-family nurse-health team nurse-community
Interpersonal
one on one. Nurse and patient
Sender and Receiver
one who deliver and one who receives the message
Intrapersonal
self talk
Special needs patients require
special channels of communication
Symbolic communication
the verbal and nonverbal symbolism used by others to convey meaning
