Unit V: Communication

Nursing Diagnosis for patient difficulty communicating

Impaired verbal communication

The nurse should be aware of communication blocks

True

Types of Channels of communication

Visual,Kinetic, Verbal/Non-verbal

Communication factors of Diagnosis

Many patients experience difficulty with communication

Denotative Communication

understood the same way for all of a culture

Small group communication

communication occurring within small groups. Goal oriented.

interpersonal Variables

factors within both the sender and receiver that influence communication

Factors of communication during Assessment

Physical and emotional Developmental Sociocultural Gender

Nonverbal communication includes

- personal appearance - posture and gait - facial expression - eye contact - gestures - sounds - territoriality and personal space

Non-therapeutic communication Techniques

Blocks the development of a trusting and therapeutic relationship

Timing

Communicate to patient when they are unimpaired or not distracted

Message

Content from the sender

Communication and the planning phase

Continuity of care; collaborating with other health care members

Environment

Influences communication. Determines the confidence of those involved. Determines how much and what they will share.

Transpersonal

Interaction within a person's spiritual domain "prayer"

Vocab with a patient

Make sure to speak in terms patient can understand. Be careful using medical terms and slang.

Channels of communication

Means of conveying message.

Communication in the Evaluation phase

Nurse's and clients need to determine whether the plan of care has been successful What was effective Does the plan need modification

Examples of Non-therapeutic Blocks to communication

Personal questions Giving opinions Changing subject Automatic responses- stereotyping (not taking concerns seriously) False reassurance (hope) Sympathy- concern, sorry, pity. It's nice NOT therapeutic Asking explanations- why? Giving approval or disapproval- opinions/judgement Defensive/aggressive responses- says pt no right to opinion Arguing- challenges pt, implies pt is lying, misinformed, or uneducated

What are the phases of the nurse patient relationship?

Preorientation Orientation Working Termination/Transition

Examples of Therapeutic Communication Techniques

Sit facing the patient Observe an open posture Lean toward a patient Establish and maintain intermittent eye contact Relax Sharing observations Sharing hope Showing humor Sharing empathy-communicate this Sharing feelings- do not take personal emotions put on you Using touch Silence- promotes patient to talk Providing info- give details; allow pt to make decisions Clarify- "I'm not sure I understand.. are you saying" Focusing-key details med. side effects, treatments Paraphrasing- restate patients words in your own words Questions- relevant; seek more info Summarizing- review key aspects

Adapting Communication Techniques

Techniques used in dealing with patients with sensory alterations or cultural differences

Implementation of communication

Therapeutic communication techniques Non-therapeutic communication techniques Adapting communication techniques

Feedback

The receiver's response to a message

Connotative communication

Understanding based on thoughts, feelings, and ideas about the word.

Therapeutic Communication Techniques

Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and ideas and convey acceptance and respect and to achieve a positive relationship.

Elements of Professional Communication

appearance, demeanor, behavior, courtesy, use of names, trustworthiness, autonomy and responsibility, assertiveness

Metacommunication

broad term that refers to all factors that influence communication

Relevence

information presented should be relevent at the time

Public

interaction with an audience

Referent

motivates one person to communicate with another

Professional Nursing Relationships

nurse-patient nurse-family nurse-health team nurse-community

Interpersonal

one on one. Nurse and patient

Sender and Receiver

one who deliver and one who receives the message

Intrapersonal

self talk

Special needs patients require

special channels of communication

Symbolic communication

the verbal and nonverbal symbolism used by others to convey meaning