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Sorry, I can't have coffee. I'm about to go out. Hello Julia! I was about to call you!

'Be about to' means something will happen very soon We often use 'was / were about to' to talk about things that nearly happened but didn't.

That was a funny show (= the show made us laugh). The weather is funny today (= the weather is strange). That was a really fun evening (I enjoyed the evening). It was fun at your place (I had a good time). The party was fun (the party was enjoyable).

1) it makes me laugh, it's a good joke 2) it's a bit strange or weird I enjoy myself

He is always getting told off She is going to get fired

In passive "get" is more informal, common. Usually for bad things. (когда не известно кто субъект)

Were you IN time? Did you get to the shop before it closed? I didn't get to the shops IN time to buy the new iPhone. It was already sold out

In time' means 'not late' or 'before it's too late'. Usually, there's some thing or event that's going to happen, and you need to arrive or send your work, etc, before that time. After that time, it's often not possible to do the thing

The train arrived ON time. She arrived ON time for the dinner party, at 7pm exactly. The trains never arrive ON time in this country

On time' means 'at the right time' or 'at the time that we decided'. It's for things where there is a right moment to arrive or to do something. If you arrive or do the thing afterwards, you're late

After having cleaned, he had a cup of coffee After having talked to James, she knew what to do

We can use 'after + having + past participle' to show that one thing was completely finished before we started another thing We can also use verb+ing in this case: after eating / after cleaning. Using 'having + past participle' makes the idea of the first thing being finished stronger. It's also a bit more formal.

She is by far the best student in the class (= she is much, much better than the other students). This is the most expensive hotel by far.

We can use 'by far' before a superlative adjective to mean that the thing is much, much better. We can also use 'by far' after the noun.

John's coat isn't here. He must have gone home Where's Julie? She must have missed the bus

We can use 'must + have + past participle' to make guesses about the past. We use 'must + have' when we are pretty sure that the action happened. Often, we think it's logically very likely.

Lying in the hammock, she felt the first drop of rain. (= While she was lying in the hammock, she felt the first drop of rain.) Eating dinner, he remembered he had homework to do. (= While he was eating dinner, he remembered he had homework to do.) Having left the house, he realised he had forgotten his keys. (= After he had left the house, he realised he had forgotten his keys.) Having cooked dinner, she sat down with a drink. (= After she had cooked dinner, she sat down with a drink.)

We can use a clause that starts with verb+ing to say when something happens. They have a similar meaning to 'while' or 'when'. The subject of the participle clause and the subject of the main clause must be the same. ​ We can also use 'having + past participle' to talk about time. In this case, it means something like 'after'.

I had read the book before the class. We had finished the work when the boss arrived I paid the waiter after I had taken out my purse. I paid the waiter after I took out my purse. When she had eaten dinner, she felt better

We can use the past perfect to talk about something that was finished before a second point in the past. This is just like the present perfect for things that are finished before the present When we use a word like 'before', 'after' or 'as soon as', we can choose the past simple instead of the past perfect. These two sentences mean the same thing and you can choose either. В основном с when

I hope (that) it's sunny where you are. I hope (that) she's having a wonderful time. I hope (that) you can come to the party tomorrow I hope to come to the party tomorrow. (= I hope that I can come to the party tomorrow.)

We use 'hope' to talk about things in the present or future that we think might really happen or are really happening. ​We use '(that) + clause' when we use 'hope' to talk about the present. The clause is in the present simple (mostly for stative verbs) or the present continuous We often use 'can' with 'hope' for the future. We can use 'to + infinitive' with 'hope' for the future. When we use 'to + infinitive', the subject is the same as the subject of 'hope'.

Let's go to the cinema tonight. Let's have a coffee!

We use 'let's + infinitive' (without 'to') to make suggestions. It means the same as 'shall we + infinitive' or 'I suggest ...'. (Let's = let us.)

I don't have any plans. (Neutral.) I have no plans (Strong = I definitely don't have any plans.) We ate none of it. I bought none of the fruit. Did you drink any of the milk? I drank none.

We use 'no' before a plural or uncountable noun. The meaning is the same, but the emphasis is different. 'No' makes the negative feeling stronger. We can't use 'no' with 'of'. So, we use 'none of' instead. None + of + pronoun. None + of + determiner + noun We can use 'none' alone, without a noun, if the meaning is clear. (We can't use 'no' in this way.)

Don't you want coffee? (= I'm surprised that you don't want coffee, so I'm checking that you really don't want any) Haven't you done your homework? (= I'm surprised that you haven't done your homework, so I'm checking that it's true)

sometimes, we can make negative questions. These include 'not' (or 'n't') after the auxiliary verb. We use them to show surprise

My car is very old. I'm worried it's going to GIVE OUT soon.

stop working

The car stalls

the car suddenly stops working because not enough power is reaching the engine

Play areas for children are SPRINGING UP all over the place. Opposition groups are SPRINGING UP like mushrooms

to appear or develop quickly and/or suddenly

Finding pleasure: engaging in activities you enjoy is a great way to STAVE OFF stress

to prevent

It's not a great restaurant, but in this part of the city, it's as good as it gets There's nothing I enjoy more than spending time at home with my family. That's as good as it gets.

to say that nothing better is possible or available to say that something is very good and cannot be improved

3. I'm GUNNING FOR a promotion at work

try hard to get something (often used in continuous tenses)

Julie is working hard at the moment. I think she's ANGLING FOR a promotion.

try to get something without asking for it directly (often used in continuous tenses)

He WHEELED AROUND and started shouting at me

turn around quickly

The weather last weekend was terrible, so the game was RAINED OFF

when an outside event is cancelled because of rain (often passive)

You have to FORK OUT if you want a new phone

pay for something especially when you don't really want to

The police will PIECE the story TOGETHER from the evidence

put parts of something together to make a whole

And then, they THROW their coats ON and walk out the door!

quickly put on usually clothes

The weather forecast says it's going to BUCKET DOWN all weekend.

rain hard

Either we go out for dinner or we stay at home. We either go out for dinner or we stay at home. Either Jack dropped the vase or John did (= or John dropped the vase). Either she wants to come or she doesn't (= or she doesn't want to come).

One way is as a conjunction, to connect one clause with another clause. It emphasises the idea of two separate choices a little bit. We can choose where to put 'either' We often only use an auxiliary verb in the second part of the sentence. We use this if the verb and object are the same but the subject is different if the subject and the verb are the same, but in the second part we have the negative.

I'll call you when I've written the report. (= I will finish the writing first, then I will call you.) She'll come to the restaurant when she has finished work.

Sometimes we use the present perfect after 'when'. This emphasises that the action after 'when' will be finished before we do the other action

The form is 'subject + have (in any tense) + object + past participle'. I've had my computer fixed John will have his house painted 'Get' is less formal than 'have' I got my house cleaned I'm getting my hair cut tomorrow (= someone else is going to cut my hair tomorrow

We use a causative verb when we want to talk about something that someone else did for us or for another person. It means that the subject caused the action to happen, but didn't do it themselves. Maybe they paid, or asked, or persuaded the other person to do it.

Some people just need a little HELP ALONG the way

assist someone or something in achieving an aim

That's a useful rule to GO BY. I'll GO BY what they say.

be guided by something or form an opinion from experience

The teacher would always SINGLE her OUT for her fantastic projects

choose someone from a group for special treatment, often criticism or praise

A company's success can HINGE ON good marketing

depend completely on something

If we SCREEN part of the waiting room OFF, we could make a little clinic there.

divide a room into separate parts with a wall or curtain

They PLAY ON your feelings to make money

exploit someone's feelings or weak points in an unfair way

In the end, the police managed to HUNT the criminal DOWN

find with a long search

The children will POLISH these sweets OFF when they get home

finish food or drink quickly and completely

Even taking a quick walk may help you PERK UP and refocus.

gain or regain energy

He was in hot water with the boss after she arrived two hours late That company is interested in our product - we should strike while the iron is hot Don't get hot under the COLLAR! It's just a traffic jam She dropped her old friend like a hot POTATO when she moved to the city hat politician is full of hot air We were in the forest when it started to get dark, so we decided to hotfoot it out of there The food really wasn't too hot but the restaurant was very pretty

when someone is angry with you to make the most of good conditions angry to abandon something talk nonsense or lies go quickly out of somewhere not very good

Fresh scones (buns), straight from the oven

Свежие булочки, прямо из печки.

The conversation was deep / profound

общение было глубоким

We've decided ON the red shirt. I'm hoping FOR good weather tomorrow

остановились на, решили надеюсь на