Urinary System Review

How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine? a. 1% b. 10% c. 50% d. 99%

a. 1%

Which of the following will reduce the glomerular filtration rate? a. Angiotensin 2 b. increased GHP c. ADH d. Aldosterone

a. Angiotensin 2

Which of the following substances would not be found in the normal filtrate? a. albumin b. glucose c. potassium d. urea

a. albumin

The most superficial layer of the kidney is the a. cortex b. medulla c. renal pyramids d. renal papilla

a. cortex

Which aspect of the ureter prevents backflow of urine? a. enters bladder at oblique angle b. has a large radius c. has a mucosal lining

a. enters bladder at oblique angle

When urine enters the collecting duct it is ________ to the blood a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic d. isosmotic

a. hypotonic

The collecting ducts are __________ to water when the hormone ____________ is present a. permeable; ADH b. permeable; aldosterone c. impermeable; ADH d. impermeable; aldosterone

a. permeable; ADH

Most of the nutrients in the filtrate are reabsorbed in the a. proximal convoluted tubule b. distal convoluted tubule c. loop of Henle d. glomerular capsule

a. proximal convoluted tubule

Which part of the kidney contains cone shaped renal pyramids? a. renal medulla b. renal cortex c. renal columns d. renal pelvis

a. renal medulla

The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity a. retroperitoneal b. intraperitoneal c. extraabdominal d. supraperitoneal e. subcapsular

a. retroperitoneal

Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder a. cremaster b. detrusor c. diaphragm d. vesicular e. dartos

b. detrusor

The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney a. cortex b. hilum c. renal corpuscle d. renal capsule e. sinus

b. hilum

Which of the following conditions would increase the glomerular filtration rate? a. increase in colloid osmotic pressure b. increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure c. increase in capsular hydrostatic pressure d. all of the above

b. increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Nephrons are found mostly in the a. renal medulla b. renal cortex c. renal capsule d. renal sinus

b. renal cortex

The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the: a. urethra b. ureter c. collecting duct d. renal vein

b. ureter

How many mL of urine are produced in an hour? a. 30 mL b. 75 mL c. 60 mL d. 50 mL

c. 60 mL

Which gland sits atop each kidney? a. pancreas b. pituitary c. adrenal d. interlobar gland

c. adrenal

Which of the following would be an abnormal constituent of urine? a. sodium b. potassium c. albumin d. urea

c. albumin

Podocytes are part of the a. filtration slits b. juxtaglomerular apparatus c. glomerular capsule d. proximal convoluted tubule

c. glomerular capsule

In the micturation reflex, the detrusor muscle is stimulated to contract by a. sphincter neurons from the brain b. sympathetic fibers c. parasympathetic fibers d. visceral sensory fibers from the vagus

c. parasympathetic fibers

In the distal convoluted tubule, a ________ is secreted for every sodium ion that is reabsorbed a. chloride ion b. bicarbonate ion c. potassium ion d. calcium ion

c. potassium ion

Which of the following would not inhibit micturation? a. stimulation of the somatic motor neurons to the external urethral sphincter b. activation of the sympathetic pathways c. relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter d. relaxation of the detrusor muscles

c. relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter

The renal corpuscle consists of a a. renal tubule b. glomerulus c. glomerular capsule d. both b and c

d. both b and c

Which of the following structures is not part of the nephron? a. distal convoluted tubule b. glomerulus c. loop of Henle d. collecting duct

d. collecting duct

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney a. sinusoidal b. trabecular c. medullary d. cortical e. extrinsic

d. cortical