URP 3001: CITIES OF THE WORLD EXAM 2

During the Soviet period, "progress" was narrowly conceptualized as: -ruralization. -commercialization. industrialization. centralization.

-industrialization.

In a microrayon, as developed during the Soviet period, in what kind of residential units did people live? -terrace housing -single-family houses and duplexes -multistory apartment buildings -garden apartments

-multistory apartment buildings

What was built on the spot in St. Petersburg where Emperor Alexander II was assassinated in 1881? -the tomb that houses Lenin's remains -the Church of Our Savior -the Hermitage -the Kremlin

-the Church of Our Savior

Which one of the following is not part of Berlin's iconic landscape today? -Potsdamer Platz -Brandenburg Gate -Akershus Castle -Kurfürstendamm (Ku'damm)

Akershus Castle

What city is often thought of as the capital of Europe because it serves as the European Union's administrative headquarters? -Brussels -Paris -Luxembourg -Strasbourg

Brussels

Tourism plays a major role in Middle Eastern and North African economics. Which of the following statements does not exemplify tourism's impact on cities in the region? -Abandoned historical cities and sites such as Petra, Ephesus, and Carthage are being revitalized for tourists. -Cities such as Sharm El Sheikh are experiencing urban growth from coastal tourism. -Cities are being bulldozed to make way for nature preserves such as in the Imlil Valley or Cappadocia. -Portions of cities are being developed for tourists, while residents live in their own separate sections.

Cities are being bulldozed to make way for nature preserves such as in the Imlil Valley or Cappadocia.

Which one of the following statements did not apply during Soviet times but is true of Russian and Central Asian cities today? -Cities have resisted economic impulses to suburbanize. -Cities are relatively isolated from the forces of globalization. -Cities are home to branches of European and Japanese banks. -Cities seek investment from Moscow banks but not foreign countries.

Cities are home to branches of European and Japanese banks.

Which one of the following is not true of the waste management problem in most large sub-Saharan African cities? -Uncontrolled landfills allow toxins to seep into the ground water. -Plastics are increasingly common waste material and they do not biodegrade. -Efforts are being made to teach people how to burn their waste at home. -More waste remains in the neighborhoods than goes to the landfills.

Efforts are being made to teach people how to burn their waste at home.

Which one of these statements about Jerusalem is incorrect? I-t began as a hill town near the southern tip of the western Fertile Crescent. -West Jerusalem is very Jewish and East Jerusalem is very Arab. -It occupies an attractive site and strategic location. -East Jerusalem is largely Arab except for the "settlements."

It occupies an attractive site and strategic location.

Of the following cities, which one had the smallest number of European settlers and therefore is the most deserving of being called "a bona fide African city"? -Nairobi -Abidjan -Lagos -Dakar

Lagos

Only two of the largest cities in sub-Saharan Africa are megacities. They are: -Lagos and Kinshasa. -Abidjan and Lagos. -Johannesburg and Abidjan. -Kinshasa and Johannesburg.

Lagos and Kinshasa.

Conflict and instability has led to forced migration within the Middle East and North Africa. Which of the following statements best describes the situation of involuntary migrants in the region? -Very few refugees from MENA stay in the region, preferring countries in Europe or East Asia. -MENA is home to a large number of international refugees and internally displaced people. -None of the above. -MENA is home to very few international refugees or internally displaced people.

MENA is home to a large number of international refugees and internally displaced people.

What city currently ranks as the only Alpha-class world city in all of Russia and Central Asia? -Tashkent -Novosibirsk -St. Petersburg -Moscow

Moscow

What city was shaped by its relative location near the headwaters of the Volga, Dvina, and Dnieper River systems, all of which flowed in different directions? -St. Petersburg -Moscow -Kazan -Krasnodar

Moscow

What country is among the most urbanized in sub-Saharan Africa and has the most deeply developed urban hierarchy? -Senegal -Kenya -Nigeria -South Africa

South Africa

Which one of the following sub-Saharan Africa countries has been identified as one of the BRICS? -Senegal -Cameroun -Ivory Coast -South Africa

South Africa

The Communist Revolution in 1917 brought to an end the Tsarist Period in Russian history and inaugurated the Soviet Period. What was the Revolution's impact on the location of the capital city? -St. Petersburg, which had long served as the capital city of tsarist Russia continued to serve as the capital city of the USSR. -St. Petersburg served as the capital city of tsarist Russia, but Moscow was chosen as the capital city of the USSR. -Moscow, which had long served as the capital city of tsarist Russia continued to serve as the capital city of the USSR. Moscow served as the capital city of tsarist Russia, but St. Petersburg was chosen as the capital city of the USSR.

St. Petersburg served as the capital city of tsarist Russia, but Moscow was chosen as the capital city of the USSR.

What is the relationship between the kasbah and the medina in a city like Rabat? -The medina is located inside the kasbah. -They are both names for the ancient walled city. -The kasbah is the old city and the medina is the new city. -The kasbah is located inside the medina.

The kasbah is located inside the medina.

What is the status of green space in Beirut? -Green space is gradually replacing parking lots. -Green space per person has grown to meet the World Health Organization's standard. -Green space is limited in acreage but accessible to all. -There is an average of 0.8 square meters of green space per person.

There is an average of 0.8 square meters of green space per person.

Inside cities across the Middle East and North Africa, one can find souks. Which of these statements best defines a souk? -a private neighborhood where parts of an extended family have their own houses -a large open-air plaza in the center of the city, often dedicated to historical figures -a large building where communal water supplies were cooled and pumped into the city along a series of pipes and canals -a traditional market where vending stalls are functionally organized around specific goods and services

a traditional market where vending stalls are functionally organized around specific goods and services

Oslo is: -the city where the Nobel Peace Prize is announced annually. -a city in which nature reserves comprise two-thirds of its territory. -all. -a port city as well as a capital city.

all

Over the course of European history, various circumstances have spurred new urban planning initiatives. These include: -uncontrolled growth of cities during the industrial era. -all. -the devastation of cities during World War II. -declining population and economic growth starting in the late 20th century.

all

Ways in which landmarks are tied to the identity of cities include: -commemorating the history of a place. -all. -representing major economic forces in a city. -adding distinctive silhouettes to the skyline.

all

Arab cities in the Gulf region are characterized by: -a large amount of green space supported by revenues from oil production. -all of the above. working populations from South Asia, Europe, and the U.S. -modern buildings incorporating traditional architectural themes.

all of the above.

In the late 20th century, Ghana began to follow the World Bank's recommendations for economic reform. As a result, Accra: -put resources into building new roads and upgrading the airport -witnessed a decline in state-controlled businesses. -established export-processing zones to attract foreign investment. -all of the above.

all of the above.

Access to fresh water in the Middle East and North Africa is: -not an issue because recent studies have shown that aquifers in the region are still recharging faster than they are used. -not an issue because the region experiences frequent rains from storms off the nearby seas. -an issue due to a lack of sustainable management and increasing pressures on resources. -an issue only for a few specific cities such as Sana'a; most other cities in MENA have sustainable access to fresh water.

an issue due to a lack of sustainable management and increasing pressures on resources.

Kiev (or Kyiv) emerged from Viking control as the trading center that would become the core of the Slavic state of Rus. Kiev's power was linked to trade: -between European and Asiatic Russia. -between eastern Europe and western Europe. -between the Arctic region of the north and the desert region of central Asia. -between Rus, the Baltic Sea and the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

between Rus, the Baltic Sea and the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

What was the most influential force in molding the landscapes of Eastern European cities from the 1950s through the 1980s? -centralized planning -market forces -royal decrees -mercantile capitalism

centralized planning

Which of the following does not represent the growth of ethnic diversity in European cities? -the popularity of Muslim given names -the presence of ethnic enclaves -cities being renamed -the popularity of ethnic foods

cities being renamed

What was absent from Soviet planning principles? -concerns about the impact of urban development on the environment -reliance on medium and high-density housing -the need to plan in 5-year cycles -rail lines to serve industrial centers

concerns about the impact of urban development on the environment

Apartheid in South Africa: -has been abolished and all traces of its legacy are now gone. -enforced racial separation in an extremely geographical manner. -was designed to reduce the socioeconomic gap between Whites and Blacks. -continues to be the law of the land.

enforced racial separation in an extremely geographical manner.

European cities are known for their: -high density and compact form -all -high-rise skylines -retention of medieval fortifications

high density and compact form

The "quarters" that developed within the old walled cities of the Middle East: -were defined exclusively on religious lines. -developed because of differences in income, wealth, and class. -mimicked the security and social cohesiveness of the village. -continue to be walled and gated sub-units of the city.

mimicked the security and social cohesiveness of the village.

Dodoma, Lilongwe, Yamoussoukro, and Abuja are all: -planned green cities. -megacities with colonial roots. -new capital cities. -mining cities of southern Africa.

new capital cities.

International migrants to cities on the European mainland: -are channeled mostly to rural areas immediately outside city boundaries. -are declining in number each year because of laws restricting immigration. -often live in enclaves largely dominated by a -- -single ethnic group. -are spread relatively evenly across most cities.

often live in enclaves largely dominated by a single ethnic group.

Which of these features are least likely to be found in the medina of a Middle Eastern or North African city? -narrow streets -wells -parking lots -open courtyards

parking lots

As cities in sub-Saharan Africa have grown since independence: -their urban form has coalesced around the colonial planning models. -non-governmental institutions have taken over the delivery of most public services. -patterns of government dominance have been replaced by more reliance on private enterprise. -indigenous African forms have almost eliminated the European influence.

patterns of government dominance have been replaced by more reliance on private enterprise.

Bucharest's landscape was transformed by Romanian President Ceauçescu after he came to power in 1966. Which one of the following is not part of Ceauçescu's legacy? -suburban homes replaced by apartment blocks -the House of the Republic as the heart of the city's new civic center -grand boulevards designed as socialist gateways to the city -preservation of the city's historic central areas

preservation of the city's historic central areas

As the progress of democratic reforms has stalled and elections are held less frequently, what has emerged in Russian and Central Asian cities as an alternative to electoral politics? -petitions to the United Nations for enforcement of global norms -public urban activism, including street demonstrations -"shadow" cabinets that present alternatives to governing officials -investigations conducted by local newspapers and magazines

public urban activism, including street demonstrations

Beginning in the 9th century, cities on Africa's Swahili coast on the Indian Ocean developed economically, culturally, and politically as a result of trade with: -European fleets which had just rounded Africa's southern cape -the Guinea coast of Africa. -the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf. -the Chinese.

the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf.