US Government: Chapter 3

Arguments made by the Framers in favor of federalism (3)

1. National and state gov have a system of like checks and balances 2. Control selfish interests of factions 3. National gov is strong enough to preserve the Union and protect the people

Four examples of powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments

1. collect taxes 2. build roads 3. enforce the law 4. to create lower courts

Four examples of powers that belong solely to the federal government

1. declare war 2. coin money 3. establish post offices 4. raise and support armies

Four examples of powers that belong solely to the states

1. regulate drivers' licenses and motor vehicle departments 2. establish public school systems 3. take measures for public health and welfare 4. establish local governments (towns)

Ruling that the states can't regulate interstate commerce; 1 of 2 competing ferry routes was given a monopoly by New York and the other sued

Gibbons v Ogden

Declared the Keating- Owen Act (a child labor act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was invasion of state authority

Hammer v Dagenhart

New York tried to limit the hours bakers could work and it was declared unconstitutional because of the 14th amendment

Lochner v New York

established judicial review; Supreme Court cannot rule on the case involving supreme court judges' commision and ruled earlier Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

Marbury v Madison

Ruling that a state can't tax a federal agency; Maryland tried to tax Bank of the US

McCulloch v Madison

Justified that the states were allowed to limit women's work hours because they were considered weaker and childbearing; First case to use the "Brandeis Brief"; 10 hr workday

Muller v Oregon

Traumatic historical event that led to strong government regulation of business

The Great Depression

Federal grants that let the states decide how the money will be spent (like in areas of education or health)

block grants

Federal grants to states that can only be used for specific matters

categorical grants

powers shared by both the states and Congress

concurrent powers

a union in which the power belongs to the states; very small central gov

confederation

the situation in which the national, state, and local levels work together to solve problems

cooperative federalism

powers that belong solely to Congress

delegated powers

government in which national and state governments have particular roles

division of powers

the belief that a precise separation of national and state authority is both possible and desired

dual federalism

powers specifically granted to Congress

enumerated powers

In the event of a conflict between state and federal law, which takes precedence?

federal law

government in which the power is divided between national and state governments

federation

federal cash payments to states for programs the states (at least partially) administer

grants-in-aid

powers of Congress not specifically listed in the Constitution but are suggested by the Elastic Clause

implied powers

the belief that the states had the right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional within their own boundaries

nullification

powers that belong solely to the states

reserved powers

government in which power belongs only to the national government

unitary system