US History 1 Chapter 4 Section 3
Tribute
Money paid for protection
midnight judges
The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration.
John Marshall
American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review.
Zebulon Pike
American soldier and explorer whom Pikes Peak in Colorada is named. His Pike expedition often compared to the lewis and Clark expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisianna Purchase
Louisiana Purchase
1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.
Sacagawea
A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark
Judiciary Act of 1801
A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists.
William Clark
A skilled mapmaker and outdoorsman chosen to explore the Louisiana Territory
Judicial Review
Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws
Meriwether Lewis
Army captain appointed by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and lands west to the Pacific Ocean and Secretary
Robert Livingston
Bought New Orleans and all the French territory west of the Mississippi River from Napoleon for 15 million dollars. He was only supposed to negotiate for a small part of New Orleans for 10 million so Jefferson was upset when he heard about Livingston's deal.
impressment
British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
Embargo of 1807
Declaration by President Thomas Jefferson that banned all American trade with Europe. As a result of the war between England and Napoleon's France, America's sea rights as a neutral power were threatened; Jefferson hoped the embargo would force England and France to respect American neutrality.
Samuel Chase
Federalist Supreme Court justice impeached by the House in 1804 but acquitted by the Senate
Essex Junto
Group of Massachusetts Federalists who met to voice their displeasure with the policies of Thomas Jefferson during Jefferson's second term, and proposed that the New England states and New York secede from the Union.
Napoleon
Leader of France and the person who sold Louisiana and New Orleans to United States
Barbary Pirates
Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations
Marbury v Madison
This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review