US History- Chapter 1

The following were all of the primary industries of the west during the late nineteenth century:

mining, ranching, commercial farming, and railroad building

"Big business" had massive bureaucracies managed by

professionals rather than owners and were financed through a national banking system centered on Wall Street

The first transcontinental railroad wad created in 1869

when two railroads, the Central Pacific, building from California, and the Union Pacific, building from the Missouri River, joined at Promontory Point, Utah

In the late nineteenth century, American newspapers

Acted as cheerleaders to political parties

All of the following except ____________ were used to disenfranchise black voters

Admissions tickets

Progressivism was

An alternative option for social change to the more radical forms, such as socialism

Why did Grover Cleveland think the federal government should allow southern whites to control their states?

He was committed to the authority of local government

Which of the following was not one of the consequences of the nation's high protective tariff in the late nineteenth century?

High tariffs kept Americans from drinking liquor

What was the most significant form of public entertainment in America throughout the nineteenth century (other than politics)

Minstrel shows

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was

1. Highly multiracial 2. Highly divided along racial lines 3. Paid higher wages than workers in the east

Between the financial panic of 1873 and 1893

1. Manufactures cut costs by increasing production 2. Replaced skilled labor with technology 3. Drew upon the international labor market for a cheaper workforce

Andrew Carnegie was the most successful of this period and

1. Migrated from Scotland 2. First worked in textile mill 3. Mastered the telegraph, railroad, oil, and steel industries throughout his career.

In calling for war with Spain in 1898, President McKinley announced that America's war aims included

1. Recognition of Cuban independence 2. Protection of endangered American property in Cuba 3. Restoration of peace in Cuba

The Pullman Strike of 1894

1. Was one of the bloodiest labor conflicts in U.S. history 2. Resulted in 60 workers being killed by federal troops 3. Was the result of desperate workers joining Eugene Deb's railway union

The ministers of the "Social Gospel" advocated which of the following?

A belief that corporate capitalism was organized sin

The restoration of American democracy, Roosevelt believed

A moral awakening

What activity did the Sherman Anti-trust Act outlaw?

Combination in restraint of trade

What set W.E.B DuBois apart from the majority of progressives of his times?

He wanted to address the costs of racism in American society

The Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

Define the separate but equal principle

Unlike their proceeders, progressives were comfortable with

Expanding government power to implement change

The National Association for the advancement of Colored People (NAACP) won its first court battle in 1915 against the

Grandfather clause, which denied the right to vote to the descendants of slaves

Theodore Roosevelt symbolized the expansionist beliefs in which of the following ways?

He believed the future of the United States was dependent on controlling global trade

How did the sharecrop system contribute to the impoverishment of the south

It bound the region to a single cash crop

What was the impact of the Harrison Mckinley Tariff on foreign affairs?

It gave the president new authority in trade relations with other countries

All of the following statements except for which one refer to the Socialist Party between 1900 and about 1914?

It was financed by the Communist Party in the United States

The Open Door policy was designed to

Keep the markets of China open to the United States

Which of the following statements refers to the Boxer Rebellion?

McKinley sent troops to China to protect Americans and American possessions

What was even more effective than the U.S. army in confining Indians to reservations

Near extermination of the bison

Classes were distinguished as the industrial workers could

Not afford to live further than walking distance from their jobs.

What best describes placer mining in the West?

Prospector panning for precious metals in a mountain stream.

The populist party advocated all of the following, except

Redistribution of wealth and land ownership

Which of the following now-ordinary provisions was or were introduced by the progressives?

Secret ballots and voter registration

Some argued that is the United States failed to expand its economy overseas

The United states would decline just like the Roman Empire

The "New Women" of the progressive era symbolized

The growing strength and influence of American women in social and political change

According to social Darwinists, what was the cause of human inequality?

The natural struggle for survival ensured the elevation of the fittest

According to Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection,

The strongest examples in a species always survived

The rise of progressive era reforms coincided with

The transformation of political campaigns

Why were so many women attracted to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union?

They liked the camaraderie and political activism

Why did immigrant families have so many children?

They needed children's labor to get by

Women could not vote in the nineteenth century. How did they participate in politics?

They provided practical support such as donating meeting halls or preparing food for rallies.

How did intellectuals define high culture in the second half of the nineteenth century?

Through the contrast between the Virgin as a symbol of Christianity and the dynamo as a symbol of modernity

What was the purpose of the Homestead Act

To settle the West with independent small farmers

Late in the nineteenth century, the middle class in America

Was native born, white, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestant

The Cornstock Lode in Nevada

Was the largest single vein of gold and silver in the United States

How did urban development contribute to a loosening of morals in the United States?

Young workers were freed from the constraints of parents and small-town life

A trust is

business devise by which different producers agree to operate a single company to control competition