US HISTORY - Chapter 11 Key Terms

Fredericksburg

- location of a brutal Virginia battle where General Grant attacked General Lee in "The Wilderness" - the beginning of a year long siege which continued south through Cold Harbor and Petersburg - Grant promised Lincoln "Whatever happen there, there will be no turning back."

Ulysses S Grant

leading a Union that invaded western Tennessee, general that failed at everything in Civilian life; captured Fort Henry and Don Elson

Anaconda Plan

Union Navy blockades southern ports against exports and imports, union riverboats and armies patrol Mississippi River and confederacy, and Union would capture confederacy of Richmond, Virginia

Clara Barton

Union nurse who often cared for sick and wounded on the front lines; she was at Antietam

Habeas Corpus

a court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail before the court to determine why he or she is being jailed

Conscription

a draft that would force certain members of the population to serve in the army

Fort Pillow

a particularly gruesome massacre in Tennessee 1864; Confederate troops kill 200 black prisoners and some white prisoners

Copperhead

northern Democrats who advocated peace with the South

13th Amendment

stated that slavery shall not exist within the US

Monitor

the North's ironclad ship

Merrimack

the South's ironclad ship

John Wilkes Booth

26 year old actor and supporter of the South who assassinated Lincoln

Stonewall Jackson

General Thomas J Jackson had this nickname because he stood like a stone wall. Left arm shot at by ally and died of infection. was the confederacies best leader

Antietam

McClellan battled Lee at this creek; September 17th - Union won the battle; it was the bloodiest one-day battle in America with 26,000 casualties; McClellan did not press forward

Chancellorsville

South defeated North but lost General Thomas J "Stonewall" Jackson to pneumonia due to friendly fire

Vicksburg

Ulysses won by starving the enemy with blockades

Shiloh

a small Tennessee church where Grant gathered his troops; these troops were attacked by Confederate soldiers; both sides took massive hits; battle ended in draw and demostrated how bloody war can be, Generals realized that they should build fortifications, trenches and send out scouts

Gettysburg address

a speech Lincoln made that made people see the United States as united; before, people said "United States are", but after, people said "United States is"

Income Tax

a tax that takes away a specific percent of an individual's income

David G. Farragut

a union fleet commander told to seize New Orleans by Lincoln; he won and also captured Baton Rouge and Natchez

Emancipation Proclamation

all held slaves within the Confederate States are free and can come join us -Lincoln

William Tecumseh Sherman

appointed by Ulysses as commander of the military division of Mississippi

Fort Sumter

battle at this southern fort, originally in union hands, that signaled the start of the civil war when confederate troops forced Robert Anderson to surrender it in South Carolina

George McClellan

cautious and leads an army for the union that he barely fights with

Bounty

commutation, paying $300 fee to avoid conscription

Bull Run

first major blood shed of the civil war 25 miles from union capital Irvin McDowell and Stonewall Jackson south won

Andrew Johnson

the vice president to Lincoln and Lincoln's running mate

Andersonville

the worst Confederate prison; jammed with 33,000 Union men into 26 acres (34 square feet per man); concentration camp style

Gettysburg

three-day battle, which many historians believe to be the turning point of the Civil War; Confederate leader: A.P. Hill; Union leader: John Buford

Robert E. Lee

took command of General Joseph E. Johnson's army; very different from McClellan

Appomattox Courthouse

where Lee and Grant met to arrange a Confederate surrender