US History Chapter 3

How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy? a. After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions. b. The English destroyed the Iroquois Confederacy temporarily but revived it under Sir Edmund Andros's rule after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. c. English oppression drove the Iroquois to the side of the French, who eagerly sought their support. d. It enabled the Iroquois to build alliances with other tribes against a common enemy. e. The Iroquois adopted the English constitutional system.

a. After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions.

Which one of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century? a. By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands. b. Mixed economies with small farms worked by indentured servants dominated islands such as Barbados throughout the century. c. Frequent uprisings by African slaves caused the English to abandon the West Indies by the 1680s and to relocate staple crop production to mainland North America. d. The free labor system of the West Indies stood in stark contrast to the slave labor system of the Chesapeake. e. Indentured servants replaced African slaves in the West Indies once the demand for slaves in Carolina drained away the African population of the islands.

a. By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands.

What historical evidence demonstrates that blacks were being held as slaves for life by the 1640s? a. Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names. b. Transcripts from legislative debates in the House of Burgesses show that Virginia lawmakers were debating whether permanent slave status was a good idea. c. Records of declining tobacco prices show that it had become harder to keep labor, which would have forced planters to turn increasingly to Africans and away from white servants. d. There is none, because slavery did not fully exist in Virginia until after Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. e. Advertisements for slaves began appearing in newspapers regularly by 1642.

a. Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names.

Which one of the following is true of slavery? a. The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century. b. Christians never were enslaved. c. The Roman Empire outlawed it, but it revived, thanks to Columbus. d. It was nonexistent in Africa until the arrival of European slave traders. e. In every culture in which it existed, it was based on the needs of large-scale agriculture.

a. The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century.

What ironic consequence did William Penn's generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have? a. They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor. b. Now that Pennsylvania attracted so many settlers, Carolina was desperate for laborers and began a vast Indian slave trade. c. They actually discouraged suspicious Europeans from choosing Pennsylvania as a place to settle. d. They led the Puritan authorities in Massachusetts to adopt religious toleration in order to compete with Pennsylvania for colonists. e. They encouraged poor residents of New York and New Jersey to move to Pennsylvania in such numbers that Penn repealed his policies within a decade.

a. They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor.

Nathaniel Bacon: a. actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him. b. had no connection to Virginia's wealthiest planters. c. won unanimous support for his effort to reduce taxes, but his effort to remove all Native Americans from the colony doomed his rebellion. d. burned down Jamestown but never succeeded in taking over the colony or driving out Governor Berkeley. e. was the first colonist to open his own slaughterhouse.

a. actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him.

Carolina grew slowly until: a. rice as a staple crop was discovered to be extremely profitable. b. slaves were brought into the colony. c. an alliance with the Indians was signed. d. cotton was introduced into the colony. e. the king forced the English poor to settle the area.

a. rice as a staple crop was discovered to be extremely profitable.

What form of behavior did William Penn ban in his Pennsylvania colony? a. swearing b. alcohol consumption c. dancing in public or in private d. laughing during religious services e. singing outside of church

a. swearing

Bacon's Rebellion was a response to: a. worsening economic conditions in Virginia. b. increased slavery in the Carolinas. c. Indian attacks in New England. d. the Glorious Revolution in England. e. the Salem witch trials.

a. worsening economic conditions in Virginia.

Which man was once a slave, only to be freed and own slaves himself? a. William Penn b. Anthony Johnson c. Olaudah Equiano d. Robert Carter e. Nathaniel Bacon

b. Anthony Johnson

What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty? a. Settlers could belong to any denomination but had to sign an oath affirming that they would not to oppress Quakers. b. Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving. c. Atheists were welcome as long as they promised not to attack religion publicly. d. Church attendance was mandatory, but the state did not specify which type of church. e. There were no restrictions.

b. Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)? a. New England's tribes united against the colonists. b. Native Americans destroyed twelve Massachusetts towns, which helped establish them in the minds of New Englanders as bloodthirsty savages. c. Native Americans up and down the eastern seaboard began rebelling against colonial rule when they saw what happened to their New England counterparts. d. Massachusetts banned all Native Americans from living within its borders. e. Great Britain formed the New England Confederation to protect against Native American depredations.

b. Native Americans destroyed twelve Massachusetts towns, which helped establish them in the minds of New Englanders as bloodthirsty savages.

Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial period? a. Runaways were very rare because slaves knew that attempting to escape would be futile. b. Some slaves were the offspring of white traders and therefore knew enough English to turn to the legal system, at least until Virginia lawmakers prevented them from doing so. c. A number of bloody rebellions prompted a wholesale revision of slave codes. d. It was limited because slaves at the time were too new to the colonies to understand the concept of freedom. e. All runaways headed for freedom in French Canada.

b. Some slaves were the offspring of white traders and therefore knew enough English to turn to the legal system, at least until Virginia lawmakers prevented them from doing so.

Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote? a. everyone, male and female b. a majority of the male population c. all males d. Quakers e. all white people

b. a majority of the male population

The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell: a. required the Royal Navy to use only Protestant navigators on its ships. b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch. c. freed England's North American colonies from economic regulations (in order to stimulate prosperity). d. added New Netherland to the British empire. e. authorized several mapmaking expeditions to the New World.

b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake: a. black men were not permitted to marry white women, but black women could marry white men. b. free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court. c. free blacks were not permitted to serve in the militia unless they signed a loyalty oath. d. the sale of any married slave was prohibited. e. the children of enslaved women were free; the status of enslavement was not inherited.

b. free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court.

What was William Penn's most fundamental principle? a. voting rights for all adult men b. religious freedom c. communally owned property d. economic liberty e. support for women's suffrage

b. religious freedom

When England took over the Dutch colony that became New York: a. the English eliminated all of the religious freedoms that the Dutch had allowed. b. the English ended the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names. c. the English respected Dutch antislavery laws, so that New York became a center for free African-Americans in North America. d. the local population declined because of England's new and repressive rule. e. England tried to maintain Dutch culture but ordered residents to learn English.

b. the English ended the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names.

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism: a. merchants should control the government because they contributed more than others to national wealth. b. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power. c. the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off of the economy. d. colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods. e. England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but only to non-Catholic buyers.

b. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.

Governor William Berkeley's regime: a. corrupted Penn's plans for the Pennsylvania colony, but the democratic system that Penn created made it impossible for him to do anything about it. b. was a corrupt alliance of the Virginia colony's wealthiest tobacco planters. c. offended tobacco planters, who felt that he allowed Nathaniel Bacon to exert too much influence in the House of Burgesses. d. greatly affected Virginia during its four years in power. e. extended Virginia's claims to California, thus leading to the naming of the northern California city of Berkeley.

b. was a corrupt alliance of the Virginia colony's wealthiest tobacco planters.

Unlike slavery in America, slavery in Africa: a. declined in importance during the 1600s. b. was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation. c. led to much higher death rates. d. was entirely race-based. e. existed only for women.

b. was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation.

William Penn was a member of which religious group? a. Puritans b. Anglicans c. Quakers d. Roman Catholics e. Presbyterians

c. Quakers

To Quakers, liberty was: a. limited to white, landowning men. b. strictly defined. c. a universal entitlement. d. extended to women but not to blacks. e. limited to the spiritually inclined.

c. a universal entitlement.

The Virginia slave code of 1705: a. simply brought together old aspects of the laws governing slaves and slavery. b. completely rewrote and changed the earlier slave laws. c. embedded the principle of white supremacy in law. d. made clear that slaves were subject to the will of their masters but not to anyone who could not claim ownership of them. e. was the work of Nathaniel Bacon.

c. embedded the principle of white supremacy in law.

Ideas of race and racism in seventeenth-century England: a. inspired the creation of an African slave labor force. b. caused many Englishmen to become abolitionists when they saw that slavery was based on these ideas. c. had not fully developed as modern concepts. d. originated in the writings of Sir Walter Raleigh. e. prompted Shakespeare to write Hamlet.

c. had not fully developed as modern concepts.

What inspired the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina? a. the colonists' refusal to trade with the Yamasee and Creek b. an alliance of the Yamasee and Creek with the Iroquois Confederacy, which had declared war against New York colonists c. high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers d. the English colonists' plans to begin capturing Native Americans to sell as slaves e. a bloody rebellion by African slaves against their masters near Charles Town

c. high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers

Slave labor in the Chesapeake region increasingly supplanted indentured servitude during the last two decades of the seventeenth century, in part because: a. the opening of the new colony of North Carolina attracted enough whites to make up for the loss of those who would have come to the New World as indentured servants. b. Bacon's Rebellion reminded leaders of the dangers of allowing racial intermarriage. c. improving conditions in England reduced the number of transatlantic migrants. d. a monopoly on the slave trade made it easier to import Africans. e. indentured servants began forming associations that went on strike for better conditions.

c. improving conditions in England reduced the number of transatlantic migrants.

When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage: a. every other colonial assembly followed suit. b. Governor William Berkeley vetoed the measure, which led to Bacon's Rebellion. c. it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians. d. mass protests followed. e. slaves quit attending church.

c. it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians.

In its early years, Carolina was the "colony of a colony" because its original settlers included many: a. former indentured servants from Virginia. b. supporters of Anne Hutchinson seeking refuge from Massachusetts. c. landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados. d. Protestants upset over Catholic rule in Maryland. e. planters from Cuba hoping to expand their sugar cane empires.

c. landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados.

The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York: a. was the work of the Dutch, who did not trust the English to protect their religious freedom. b. resulted especially from displeasure among residents of Manhattan. c. reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch. d. affirmed religious toleration for all denominations. e. eliminated the property requirement for voting.

c. reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch.

Slavery developed more slowly in North America than in the English West Indies because: a. it was a longer trip from Africa to North America, making slavery less profitable. b. planters in Virginia and Maryland agreed that indentured servants were far less troublesome. c. the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time. d. Parliament passed a law in 1643 that gave tax breaks to British West Indian planters who imported slaves but not to American colonists who imported slaves. e. those living in the British West Indies opposed slavery until the American colonies won their independence in the Revolutionary War.

c. the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time.

William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because: a. King Charles I wanted Quakers to have a place where they could enjoy religious toleration. b. he supported the crown during the Glorious Revolution. c. the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America. d. he conquered the Swedes and Dutch who previously had controlled the land. e. his invention of what was then called the "penncill" made him incredibly rich.

c. the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.

Before founding Pennsylvania, William Penn assisted a group of English Quakers to set up a colony in what became: a. New Hampshire. b. North Carolina. c. Delaware. d. New Jersey. e. Ontario.

d. New Jersey.

Of colonists in British North America, which group was the wealthiest? a. Philadelphia merchants b. Boston political elite c. Virginia tobacco farmers d. South Carolina rice planters e. New York merchants

d. South Carolina rice planters

Spain's Las Siete Partidas, a series of laws touching on slavery: a. strongly influenced the English as they devised their own laws about slavery. b. was strictly enforced in Mexico, Cuba, and other Spanish colonies until those areas achieved independence. c. required masters to free female slaves on their twenty-first birthdays. d. gave slaves some opportunities to claim rights under the law in Spain's American empire. e. did not apply to Spanish possessions in the New World.

d. gave slaves some opportunities to claim rights under the law in Spain's American empire.

The economy of the Carolina colony: a. was based on plantation agriculture from the beginning. b. immediately proved profitable because of its reliance upon rice. c. was exactly the same as that of Barbados. d. originally centered on cattle-raising and trade. e. had nothing to do with slavery.

d. originally centered on cattle-raising and trade.

Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia? a. a large and sustained increase in the importation of indentured servants b. generous payments to Native Americans to encourage them to give up their lands to white farmers c. changes in the political style of Virginia's powerful large-scale planters, who adopted a get-tough policy with small farmers and hired their own militia to enforce their will d. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations e. an order from Governor Berkeley that Native Americans could serve in the militia

d. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations

"Enumerated" goods: a. made up the bulk of items imported into the colonies from abroad. b. were those the English colonies could not produce under terms of the Navigation Acts. c. created a financial drain on the English government during the seventeenth century. d. were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that could only be sold initially in English ports. e. were specifically exempt from England's mercantilist regulations.

d. were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that could only be sold initially in English ports.

Which of the following was not a factor that made African slavery appealing to English planters in the New World? a. Since slaves' terms of service never expired, unlike those of indentured servants, Africans could create a permanent labor force. b. Europeans believed that Africans were more accustomed to hard agricultural labor than were Native Americans, and thus would be better workers. c. Africans had long since developed a resistance to European diseases, making epidemics less likely than among Native American laborers. d. Africans could not claim the protection of English common law. e. A long English legal tradition of discriminating against dark-skinned peoples eased the legalization of slavery.

e. A long English legal tradition of discriminating against dark-skinned peoples eased the legalization of slavery.

Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way? a. Pennsylvania was the only colony in which efforts at conversion focused on turning Native Americans into Quakers. b. The colony bought all of the land the Native Americans occupied and moved them west of the Appalachians, meaning that Indians were relocated but not decimated. c. Because Quakers were pacifists, they had to bring in militias from other colonies to take over Native American lands. d. Despite Quaker pacifism, Pennsylvanians were determined to exterminate the natives. e. Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.

e. Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.

Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia? a. The economy was doing so well that even though they made less money than large-scale planters, their problems were too small to justify their rebellion. b. They had access to the best land, but a glut in the tobacco market left them in poverty. c. Their taxes were incredibly low—the one issue with which they were pleased. d. They could count on the government to help them take over Native American lands and thereby expand their meager holdings. e. The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.

e. The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.

What was the Covenant Chain? a. the promise James II gave Parliament that he would marry a Protestant princess b. an agreement between the Dutch and the Mohican Nation that led to the founding of New Netherland c. a mythical piece of priceless gold jewelry that Europeans wished to acquire from the Iroquois d. an important Puritan text that spelled out the doctrine of predestination e. an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy

e. an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina: a. were modeled on the governing structure of the Iroquois Confederacy. b. banned slavery as antithetical to their goal of creating a society based on peasants working for noblemen. c. allowed no elected assembly. d. permitted only members of the Church of England to worship freely. e. proposed a feudal society in the New World, complete with hereditary nobility.

e. proposed a feudal society in the New World, complete with hereditary nobility.

What commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? a. tobacco b. indigo c. silver d. cotton e. sugar

e. sugar

What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the midseventeenth century? a. England's defeat of the Netherlands in the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War of 1649 b. England's victory in a 1676 religious war with Spain c. a treaty signed with the Iroquois Confederacy d. the incredible financial success of the British East India Company e. the restoration of the monarchy in 1660

e. the restoration of the monarchy in 1660