U.S. History Chapter 3 Study Guide
rail link between the East and the Western U.S.
Transcontinental railroads
self-appointed law enforcers
Vigilantes
Succeeded his father as chief of the Nez Perce in 1871
Chief Joseph
government departments and their non-elected employees
Civil Service
African Americans who migrated from the South to the West after the Civil War
Exodusters
public lands where Native Americans were forced to live by the federal government
Reservations
practice of the political party giving jobs and appointments to its supporters, rather than to people
Spoils System
method of ranching in which the rancher allowed his or her livestock to roam and gaze over a vast area of grassland
open range-system
What was the primary effect on Native Americans being confined to reservations?
Their nomadic way of life was increasingly effected
Democratic and Populist leader who ran unsuccessfully three times for the US presidency
William Jennings Bryan
25th President of the United States
William McKinley
1890 confrontation between U.S. cavalry and Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance
Wounded Knee
land designated by the federal government for building schools, roads, or railroads
Land grant
group of Mexican Americans living in New Mexico who attempted to protect their land and way of life from encroachment by white landowners
Las Gorras Blancas
What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to?
Little meaningful legislations was passed
Which type of people were most likely to support the Populist Party in the 1890s?
small farmers
President Grant is remembered as a corrupt president because he...
Allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption
absorbed into the main culture of a society
Assimilated
1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated US Army troop
Battle of Little Big Horn
What economic conditions led to difficulties in the farming industry in the late nineteenth century, and how did farmers react to those problems?
Crop prices dropped dramatically. Farmers reacted by buying machines to produce more and to replace what they weren't selling, but they often couldn't pay it back because they were to expensive
1887 law that divided reservation land into private family plots
Dave's General Allotment Act
farmers organization formed after civil War
Grange
1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years
Homestead Act
What effect did the discovery of gold and silver have on the development of towns and communities in the West?
It led to people to move to the west and they could create more railroads and towns with the money they mined
How did the federal government affect the practice of mining in the West?
It provided land and patents for new inventions for large mining companies.
In what regions of the nation were populist party most popular and why?
It was mostly popular in the west since it did not really apply to urban workers, because they were not farmers
What conflict arose between farmers and ranchers settling western lands?
farmers demanded water rights from ranchers
currency not backed by gold or silver
fiat money
policy of designating monetary units in terms of their value in gold
gold standard
How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era?
he toured the nation, doing his own campaign
network of farmers' organizations that worked for political and economic reforms in the late 1800s
Farmers Alliance
An employee in the US Department of Agriculture who worked to improve the lives of farmers and the agricultural industry
Oliver H. Kelley
1883 law that created a civil service system for the federal government in an attempt to hire employees on a merit system rather than on a spoils system
Pendleton Service Act
A political party's organization that wins voter loyalty and guarantees power to a small group of leaders who often abuse it for their own gain.
Political machines
A party formed in 1891 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms
Populist party
1864 incident in which Colorado militia killed a camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians
Sand Creek Massacre
A war chief and important spiritual leader who became the first-ever chief of all the Lakota Sioux bands in the 1860s. After surrendering to the Army in 1881, he lived on a reservation where he was killed by the Indian Police sent to arrest him.
Sitting Bull