US History Domain 4 Matching Study Guide
capitalism
economic system based on free trade and "laissez-faire" attitudes
Treaty of Versailles
ended World War I but set the stage for World War II by blaming Germany, closing Germany's industry down (which hurt the Germany economy), and requiring millions of dollars of reparations from Germany to the Allied victors
Fall of Berlin
ended with Hitler's death
Louis Armstrong
famous jazz musician of the Harlem Renaissance
Adolf Hitler
fascist leader of Germany; part of Axis powers
Hideki Tojo
fascist leader of Japan; part of Axis powers
Red Scare
fear and paranoia about Communist spies or invasions in the US
Battle of Midway
first US victory in Pacific Theater
underconsumption
from a consumer point of view, not buying enough
overproduction
from a production point of view, making too much
19th Amendment
gave women the right to vote in 1920
Central Powers
included Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers
included England, France, Russia, and later the US
Axis Powers
included Germany, Japan, and Italy
Allied Powers
included Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the US
Espionage/Sedition Acts
intended to make it easier to jail suspected spies or traitors; typically used to jail socialists, labor leaders, or immigrants
Eleanor Roosevelt
known for her activism regarding women's rights and civil rights
Henry Ford
known for introducing the assembly line and mass production
quota
limits set on immigrants from specific places, driven by nativism and fear of Communism
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
locations of atomic bomb drops
18th Amendment
made alcohol illegal
mass production
manufacturing a large amount of something very quickly
Black Tuesday
nickname for Oct. 29, 1929
V-E Day & V-J Day
nickname for days ending war in both theaters
Langston Hughes
one of the best known Harlem Renaissance poets
League of Nations
organization intended to prevent further world wars by working out conflicts; failed due to Senate refusal to let US join; proposed by Point #14
War Production Board
organization that helped factories move wartime mobilization
Fair Employment Act
passed in response to A. Philip Randolph's threat to march on Washington; addressed racism in the military
Great Migration
pattern of African Americans moving from share-cropping in the South to factory jobs in the North as white men left to fight in WWI
militarism
pattern of maintaining a strong military
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
pattern of sinking any and all enemy ships, even though carrying civilians; practiced by Germany during World War I; one of the reasons that the US got involved
imperialism
pattern of strong nation controlling or exploiting weaker nations; usually driven by needs for raw materials and new markets
Prohibition
period of 18th Amendment; only lasted 13 years
Great Depression
period of economic hardship in the US in the 1930's; unemployment hit 25%
Entangling Alliances
phrase referring to secret treaties that would drag nations into war; phrase refers to George Washington's Farewell address as he left the presidency
Fourteen Points
plan for peace suggested by Woodrow Wilson after World War I; was rejected by the US Senate
Calvin Coolidge
president who believed in "laissez-faire" economics, contributing to Great Depression
assembly line
process for manufacturing goods; each worker does the same job over and over; innovation by Henry Ford
New Deal
program of direct relief put into place by FDR
Woodrow Wilson
proposed Fourteen Points and League of Nations; failed to get Senate approval for either; failed to lead Senate to ratify Treaty of Versailles
Rosie the Riveter
refers to the increase in number of women working in factories as men, black and white, fought overseas
Oct. 29, 1929
the date of the stock market crash, beginning the Great Depression
rationing
the government limited how much people could buy of certain products like sugar, butter, or rubber
SSA
the only New Deal program still in existence; influenced the US more than any other New Deal program
Hoovervilles
towns homeless people built during the Great Depression; named after the president blamed for the Great Depression
bank run
trend of people withdrawing money from the bank, causing bank failures
consumerism
trend of spending more than you save; contributed to the Great Depression
A. Philip Randolph
widely credited with pushing FDR into passing the Fair Employment Act; prompted by dislike of racism within military
Lusitania
British ship sunk in 1915; hundreds of civilians killed
Joseph Stalin
Communist leader during World War II, began establishment of Soviet Union
Vladimir Lenin
Communist leader of the Russian Revolution in 1917
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941; reason the US got involved in WWII
Neutrality Act
FDR's plan to practice isolationism
"A day that will live in infamy"
FDR's response to Pearl Harbor
"All we have to fear, is fear itself"
FDR's response to the Great Depression
Benito Mussolini
Fascist leader of Italy during World War II; part of Axis powers
Franz Ferdinand
Heir to the Austrian throne; his death contributed to the beginning of World War I
internment camps
Japanese Americans held in custody of government; direct result of Pearl Harbor
D-Day
June 6, 1944; Invasion of Normandy
Eugene Debs
Labor leader and socialist; one of the people jailed under the Espionage and Sedition Acts between the world wars
Wagner Act
New Deal program that forced companies to allow unionization in their workers
TVA
New Deal program that provided electricity and jobs in the South
FDR
President during Great Depression, credited with New Deal, lead US into World War II
Harry Truman
President known for ending World War II with the controversial decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; late involved in the beginning of the Cold War
Herbert Hoover
Republican president often blamed for the Great Depression
Gavrilo Princip
Serbian nationalist; committed act that began World War I
Irving Berlin
Tin Pan Alley composer; wrote "White Christmas"
socialism
a government system that includes a controlling government and a socialist economy
Harlem Renaissance
a movement of African American art, literature, and music
Lend/Lease program
allowed the US to rent supplies to the Allied Powers in WWII
communism
an economic system where the government owns and controls everything about the economy
Tin Pan Alley
area in New York City known for composers and music printers selling sheet music; associated with Irving Berlin
Huey Long
assassinated American who criticized the New Deal for not doing enough to help Americans
isolationism
attitude of neutrality and refusal to get involved; US attempted to practice this during World War I
nativism
attitude of superiority; native-born Americans believed themselves superior to immigrants
nationalism
attitude of superiority; your country should rule all others
foreclosure
bank takes possession of property when a person can't repay a loan
buying on margin
borrowing money from the bank to buy stock; one of the causes of the Great Depression
island hopping
campaign of moving from island to island in the Pacific theater; moved US troops towards victory in Asia
Dust Bowl
caused by drought, dust storms, and over-farming; resulted in many farmers losing their farmers and moving to California
victory gardens
civilians growing their own food; connected to rationing
Manhattan Project
code name for scientists at Los Alamos, New Mexico, who developed the atomic bomb
radio
contributed to the rise of popular culture
Zimmerman Telegram
1917 invitation from Germany to Mexico suggesting Mexican invasion of the US; led to US declaration of war against Germany