US History Domain 4 Matching Study Guide

capitalism

economic system based on free trade and "laissez-faire" attitudes

Treaty of Versailles

ended World War I but set the stage for World War II by blaming Germany, closing Germany's industry down (which hurt the Germany economy), and requiring millions of dollars of reparations from Germany to the Allied victors

Fall of Berlin

ended with Hitler's death

Louis Armstrong

famous jazz musician of the Harlem Renaissance

Adolf Hitler

fascist leader of Germany; part of Axis powers

Hideki Tojo

fascist leader of Japan; part of Axis powers

Red Scare

fear and paranoia about Communist spies or invasions in the US

Battle of Midway

first US victory in Pacific Theater

underconsumption

from a consumer point of view, not buying enough

overproduction

from a production point of view, making too much

19th Amendment

gave women the right to vote in 1920

Central Powers

included Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

included England, France, Russia, and later the US

Axis Powers

included Germany, Japan, and Italy

Allied Powers

included Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the US

Espionage/Sedition Acts

intended to make it easier to jail suspected spies or traitors; typically used to jail socialists, labor leaders, or immigrants

Eleanor Roosevelt

known for her activism regarding women's rights and civil rights

Henry Ford

known for introducing the assembly line and mass production

quota

limits set on immigrants from specific places, driven by nativism and fear of Communism

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

locations of atomic bomb drops

18th Amendment

made alcohol illegal

mass production

manufacturing a large amount of something very quickly

Black Tuesday

nickname for Oct. 29, 1929

V-E Day & V-J Day

nickname for days ending war in both theaters

Langston Hughes

one of the best known Harlem Renaissance poets

League of Nations

organization intended to prevent further world wars by working out conflicts; failed due to Senate refusal to let US join; proposed by Point #14

War Production Board

organization that helped factories move wartime mobilization

Fair Employment Act

passed in response to A. Philip Randolph's threat to march on Washington; addressed racism in the military

Great Migration

pattern of African Americans moving from share-cropping in the South to factory jobs in the North as white men left to fight in WWI

militarism

pattern of maintaining a strong military

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

pattern of sinking any and all enemy ships, even though carrying civilians; practiced by Germany during World War I; one of the reasons that the US got involved

imperialism

pattern of strong nation controlling or exploiting weaker nations; usually driven by needs for raw materials and new markets

Prohibition

period of 18th Amendment; only lasted 13 years

Great Depression

period of economic hardship in the US in the 1930's; unemployment hit 25%

Entangling Alliances

phrase referring to secret treaties that would drag nations into war; phrase refers to George Washington's Farewell address as he left the presidency

Fourteen Points

plan for peace suggested by Woodrow Wilson after World War I; was rejected by the US Senate

Calvin Coolidge

president who believed in "laissez-faire" economics, contributing to Great Depression

assembly line

process for manufacturing goods; each worker does the same job over and over; innovation by Henry Ford

New Deal

program of direct relief put into place by FDR

Woodrow Wilson

proposed Fourteen Points and League of Nations; failed to get Senate approval for either; failed to lead Senate to ratify Treaty of Versailles

Rosie the Riveter

refers to the increase in number of women working in factories as men, black and white, fought overseas

Oct. 29, 1929

the date of the stock market crash, beginning the Great Depression

rationing

the government limited how much people could buy of certain products like sugar, butter, or rubber

SSA

the only New Deal program still in existence; influenced the US more than any other New Deal program

Hoovervilles

towns homeless people built during the Great Depression; named after the president blamed for the Great Depression

bank run

trend of people withdrawing money from the bank, causing bank failures

consumerism

trend of spending more than you save; contributed to the Great Depression

A. Philip Randolph

widely credited with pushing FDR into passing the Fair Employment Act; prompted by dislike of racism within military

Lusitania

British ship sunk in 1915; hundreds of civilians killed

Joseph Stalin

Communist leader during World War II, began establishment of Soviet Union

Vladimir Lenin

Communist leader of the Russian Revolution in 1917

Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941; reason the US got involved in WWII

Neutrality Act

FDR's plan to practice isolationism

"A day that will live in infamy"

FDR's response to Pearl Harbor

"All we have to fear, is fear itself"

FDR's response to the Great Depression

Benito Mussolini

Fascist leader of Italy during World War II; part of Axis powers

Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the Austrian throne; his death contributed to the beginning of World War I

internment camps

Japanese Americans held in custody of government; direct result of Pearl Harbor

D-Day

June 6, 1944; Invasion of Normandy

Eugene Debs

Labor leader and socialist; one of the people jailed under the Espionage and Sedition Acts between the world wars

Wagner Act

New Deal program that forced companies to allow unionization in their workers

TVA

New Deal program that provided electricity and jobs in the South

FDR

President during Great Depression, credited with New Deal, lead US into World War II

Harry Truman

President known for ending World War II with the controversial decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; late involved in the beginning of the Cold War

Herbert Hoover

Republican president often blamed for the Great Depression

Gavrilo Princip

Serbian nationalist; committed act that began World War I

Irving Berlin

Tin Pan Alley composer; wrote "White Christmas"

socialism

a government system that includes a controlling government and a socialist economy

Harlem Renaissance

a movement of African American art, literature, and music

Lend/Lease program

allowed the US to rent supplies to the Allied Powers in WWII

communism

an economic system where the government owns and controls everything about the economy

Tin Pan Alley

area in New York City known for composers and music printers selling sheet music; associated with Irving Berlin

Huey Long

assassinated American who criticized the New Deal for not doing enough to help Americans

isolationism

attitude of neutrality and refusal to get involved; US attempted to practice this during World War I

nativism

attitude of superiority; native-born Americans believed themselves superior to immigrants

nationalism

attitude of superiority; your country should rule all others

foreclosure

bank takes possession of property when a person can't repay a loan

buying on margin

borrowing money from the bank to buy stock; one of the causes of the Great Depression

island hopping

campaign of moving from island to island in the Pacific theater; moved US troops towards victory in Asia

Dust Bowl

caused by drought, dust storms, and over-farming; resulted in many farmers losing their farmers and moving to California

victory gardens

civilians growing their own food; connected to rationing

Manhattan Project

code name for scientists at Los Alamos, New Mexico, who developed the atomic bomb

radio

contributed to the rise of popular culture

Zimmerman Telegram

1917 invitation from Germany to Mexico suggesting Mexican invasion of the US; led to US declaration of war against Germany