US History Final Review with Essay Topic Points

The western expedition that explored the northwestern area of the Louisiana Purchase from 1804-1806 was led by A) Zebulon Pike. B) Stanley and Livingston. C) Thomas Freeman. D) Lewis and Clark.

Lewis and Clark

Sigmund Freud

They used his ideas to go against Victorian morals.

Municipal Socialism

They wanted the cities to own utilities and mass transit.

In the election of 1796, when John Adams was chosen president, ________ was elected as his vice president. A) Thomas Pinckney B) Thomas Jefferson C) Alexander Hamilton D) John Jay

Thomas jefferson

The president known for his "pell-mell" style of plain dress and informal entertaining was A) George Washington. B) John Adams. C) Thomas Jefferson. D) James Madison.

Thomas jefferson

"A little rebellion" is "medicine necessary for the sound health of government." This statement was made by A) George Washington on the Revolutionary War. B) Alexander Hamilton on the Whiskey Rebellion. C) Thomas Jefferson on Shays's Rebellion. D) James Monroe on the XYZ Affair.

Thomas jefferson on shays rebellion

The procedure specified for ratifying the Constitution A) depended upon approval of the Constitution by the legislatures of the various states. B) depended upon approval of the Constitution by special conventions in the various states. C) was immediately followed by all 13 states. D) required majority approval in the first national election.

depended upon approval of the constitution by special conventions in the various states

Among the causes of the War of 1812 was the A) demand from New England merchants that their shipping be protected. B) desire of Westerners to expand into Canada and Florida. C) British repeal of the Orders in Council. D) French blockade of American ports.

deseire of westerners to expand into canada and florida

After the Revolution, the American balance of exports and imports became A) very unfavorable as British merchants poured low-priced manufactured goods into America. B) quite unfavorable due to over-expansion and overproduction by American industry. C) distinctly favorable as the British West Indies were opened to American trade. D) very favorable as Americans who manufactured low-priced goods flooded the European economy.

very unfavorable as british merchants poured low priced manufactured goods into america

Everyone in Tyler's cabinet except Daniel Webster resigned when Tyler opposed Henry Clay's plans and A) signed the bill creating a new National Bank. B) called for the annexation of Texas. C) vetoed the new National Bank. D) supported a large tariff increase

vetoed the new national bank

Progressive Era

-From 1900-1914. -The middle class wanted to help the poor white urban workers, but there were many different groups with many different goal -they did not help minorities. - -Concentration of industry exploited workers. -They did not want to change capitalism. -The middle class was against large factories because they were impersonal.

Reasons why the United States entered WWI

-sinking of the Lusitania and the Sussex -Zimmerman Note was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States entering World War I against Germany. -propaganda

Causes of the Great Depression including trade policies

1. stock market crash: reached record highs that very summer, had begun to decline in September. 2. bank failures: Nearly 700 banks failed in waning months of 1929 and more than 3,000 collapsed in 1930. 3. people lost their jobs, they were unable to keep up with paying for items they had bought through installment plans 4. american trade policy with europe: Vowing to protect U.S. industry from overseas competitors, Congress passed the​ Tarrif Act of 1930, better known as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, A number of American trading partners retaliated by imposing tarrifs on U.S.-made goods. As a result, world trade fell by two-thirds between 1929 and 1934. 5. drought conditions: A years-long drought coupled with poor farming practices created a vast region from southeast Colorado to the Texas panhandle that came to be called the Dust Bowl. Massive dust storms choked towns, killing crops and livestock, sickening people and causing untold millions in damage.

The principle of the Three-Fifths Compromise was that A) amendments could be made in the Constitution with the consent of three-fifths of the states. B) three-fifths of the members of the House and of the Senate needed to approve all important bills in Congress. C) treaties could be ratified only by a three-fifths majority of the Senators. D) three-fifths of the slaves would be counted in determining each state's representation and share of direct federal taxes.

3/5 of the slaves would be counted in determining each state's representation and share of direct federal taxes

Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, and Benjamin Wade were leaders of the A) Radical Republicans. B) Copperheads. C) Know-Nothing Party. D) Peace Democrats.

A) Radical Republicans.

Most states that did not have woman suffrage by 1914 and opposed the Nineteenth Amendment in the House of Representatives were in the A) South. B) Midwest. C) North. D) far West.

A) South.

The most appropriate title for the Thomas Nast cartoon above is A) "The Open Door Policy." B) "A Splendid Little War." C) "Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick." D) "The World's Plunderers."

A) "The Open Door Policy."

The United States treated Cuba as a protectorate for approximately ________ years at the beginning of the twentieth century. A) 35 B) 25 C) 15 D) 5

A) 35

At war's end, the human toll of the Civil War was A) 600,000, nearly as many as in all other U.S. wars combined. B) 1 million, more than in all other U.S. wars. C) 50,000, about 28 percent of the population. D) 300,000, most of which succumbed to new armament technology.

A) 600,000, nearly as many as in all other U.S. wars combined.

In the 1919-1920 red scare, radicals were ruthlessly suppressed by Attorney General A) A. Mitchell Palmer B) J. Edgar Hoover C) Oliver Wendell Holmes D) Calvin Coolidge

A) A. Mitchell Palmer

How did the Civil War affect the American economy? A) By speeding economic change, it helped prepare the way for modern industrial society. B) The enormous number of casualties created severe labor shortages and stifled economic growth. C) The fearful national crisis discouraged selfishness and materialism. D) The wasteful destruction of material resources by the war retarded economic growth.

A) By speeding economic change, it helped prepare the way for modern industrial society.

Senator ________ was beaten unconscious by a member of the House of Representatives after he gave his "The Crime Against Kansas" speech. A) Charles Sumner B) Preston Brooks C) Stephen Douglas D) William Seward

A) Charles Sumner

In April, 1866, for the first time in American history, a major piece of legislation became law over a presidential veto. It was the A) Civil Rights Act. B) Wade-Davis Act. C) Thirteenth Amendment. D) Freedman's Bureau Act.

A) Civil Rights Act.

In what became known as the "insular cases" the Supreme Court ruled that A) Congress was not bound to follow the Constitution in legislating for colonies. B) colonies could never become states. C) Congress must follow the Constitution when legislating for colonies. D) annexation of the Philippines was unconstitutional.

A) Congress was not bound to follow the Constitution in legislating for colonies.

Headed by Florence Kelley and associated with lawyer Louis Brandeis, the most effective women's organization of the Progressive Era was the A) Consumer's League. B) Women's Trade Union League. C) League of Women Voters. D) National American Woman Suffrage Association.

A) Consumer's League.

As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, A) Democrats made significant political gains in the Northwest by capitalizing on voters' racist fears. B) Republican politicians vigorously defended the cause of racial justice and black equality. C) the Republican party refused to renominate Lincoln in 1864. D) Democrats vigorously defended the cause of racial justice and black equality.

A) Democrats made significant political gains in the Northwest by capitalizing on voters' racist fears.

President Grant tried and failed to annex the A) Dominican Republic. B) Philippines. C) Solomon Islands D) Bahamas.

A) Dominican Republic.

The Supreme Court ruled the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional in the ________ decision. A) Dred Scott B) John Emerson C) Anthony Burns D) Frederick Douglass

A) Dred Scott

The co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention and author of its Declaration of Sentiments was A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton. B) William Lloyd Garrison. C) Susan B. Anthony. D) Margaret Fuller.

A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

President Wilson's plan for a lasting peace after the Great War was known as the A) Fourteen Points B) Versailles Plan C) League of Nations D) Peace Without Victory Plan

A) Fourteen Points

During the Great War, those most often suspected of disloyalty were A) German-Americans B) Chinese-Americans C) Italian-Americans D) Japanese-Americans

A) German-Americans

Manifest destiny might best be described as the belief that Americans were A) God's chosen people. B) a melting pot of immigrants. C) obligated to educate the Native Americans. D) destined to abolish slavery.

A) God's chosen people.

The North came to the brink of war with ________ when that nation built powerful cruisers and ironclad "rams" for the Confederate navy. A) Great Britain B) France C) Germany D) Russia

A) Great Britain

After the South seceded, Congress passed several measures previously blocked by southern opposition, including the ________ Act. A) Homestead B) Preemption C) Emancipation D) Habeus Corpus

A) Homestead

In May 1856, ________ slaughtered five unarmed, proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek in A) John Brown B) Charles Sumner C) William Lloyd Garrison D) Preston Brooks

A) John Brown

The principle architect of America's Open Door policy was A) John Hay. B) Alfred Thayer Mahan. C) Richard Olney. D) Theodore Roosevelt.

A) John Hay.

The American Expeditionary Force was commanded by General A) John J. Pershing B) Arthur MacArthur C) Newton D. Baker D) George C. Marshall

A) John J. Pershing

"There is not one left; none but all of us...We have to pay in the end." This denunciation of the "American character" came from the editor of which of the following publications? A) McClure's B) Atlantic Monthly C) The New York Times D) McCall's

A) McClure's

The announcement by the United States that it believed in the preservation of the "Chinese territorial and administrative entity" and in "the principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire" was part of the A) Open Door policy. B) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. C) Good Neighbor policy. D) Peking Accord.

A) Open Door policy.

What happened to Wilson's New Freedom once he was president? A) The differences between the New Freedom and the New Nationalism tended to disappear in practice. B) Wilson insisted upon enacting it in a rigid and doctrinaire way. C) Wilson was so poor a politician that he was unable to persuade Congress to pass any legislation he wanted. D) Wilson used it as an excuse for entering the Great War.

A) The differences between the New Freedom and the New Nationalism tended to disappear in practice.

What happened as a result of Wilson's mobilization of the home front in the war? A) The government's regulation of the economy was extensive B) It was so ineffective that America failed to aid the Allied forces in time to prevent their defeat C) There was virtually no cooperation between business and the military D) The government totally deregulated the economy in order to unleash the productive forces of free enterprise

A) The government's regulation of the economy was extensive

The American politician who formed a volunteer unit, the "Rough Riders," and participated in storming San Juan Hill was A) Theodore Roosevelt. B) Woodrow Wilson. C) Henry Cabot Lodge. D) Benjamin Harrison.

A) Theodore Roosevelt.

The politician who advocated a New Nationalism was A) Theodore Roosevelt. B) William Howard Taft. C) Robert La Follette. D) Woodrow Wilson.

A) Theodore Roosevelt.

Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel that brought home the evils of slavery to many in the North was A) Uncle Tom's Cabin. B) The Impending Crisis. C) Twelve Years a Slave. D) Below the Mason-Dixon Line.

A) Uncle Tom's Cabin

President ________ called his policy of influencing other countries without actually controlling them "dollar diplomacy." A) William Howard Taft B) Woodrow Wilson C) William McKinley D) Theodore Roosevelt

A) William Howard Taft

In February, 1917, the U.S. learned of the ________ Telegram in which Germany offered a military alliance to Mexico if the U.S. entered the war on the Allied side. A) Zimmermann B) Nogales C) Ludendorf D) Hindenburg

A) Zimmermann

After Bull Run, President Jefferson Davis revised his military strategy to rely primarily upon A) building a strong defense to wear down the Union's will to fight. B) planning a series of bold invasions of the North. C) breaking the Union's naval blockade with the assistance of Great Britain. D) using slaves as support troops.

A) building a strong defense to wear down the Union's will to fight.

One reason for growing support for an overseas empire among Americans after the Civil War was the desire to A) carry out God's will to spread the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon race beyond North America. B) establish a colonial empire before the major European powers were able to do so. C) create "infant industries" overseas to exploit the cheap labor. D) establish a series of colonies to which the former slaves could be sent.

A) carry out God's will to spread the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon race beyond North America.

One of the roots of progressivism was the late-nineteenth-century A) effort to regulate and control big business. B) decline in immigration. C) attempt to build an overseas empire. D) harmony between management and labor.

A) effort to regulate and control big business.

An unfortunate effect of the dispute between America and Great Britain over Venezuela's boundary was that it A) encouraged Americans to believe they could achieve their foreign policy goals by threat and bluster. B) disrupted the international coffee market. C) encouraged American isolationism. D) demonstrated America's continuing weakness in world affairs.

A) encouraged Americans to believe they could achieve their foreign policy goals by threat and bluster.

Expansionists who wished to annex the Philippines seemed most interested in A) establishing the Philippines as the gateway to Asian markets. B) extending constitutional rights to the inhabitants. C) preserving the integrity of the Open Door policy. D) spreading democracy and Christianity to "uncivilized" peoples.

A) establishing the Philippines as the gateway to Asian markets.

Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle exposed A) filthy conditions in Chicago slaughterhouses. B) corruption in Philadelphia's police department. C) insider manipulations in the stock market. D) bribery and fraud in Boston elections.

A) filthy conditions in Chicago slaughterhouses.

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points included A) freedom of the seas B) ending European imperialism C) world disarmament D) industrial development of the Third World

A) freedom of the seas

When it was passed in 1913, the Federal Reserve Act A) gave the country a central banking system for the first time since Andrew Jackson. B) decentralized and democratized the federal banking system. C) removed America from the gold standard for the first time. D) immediately weakened the power of the great New York banks.

A) gave the country a central banking system for the first time since Andrew Jackson.

As a result of the new fugitive slave law from the Compromise of 1850 A) many Northerners who were not abolitionists were outraged at the sight of people being forced to return to slavery. B) abolitionists no longer aided runaway slaves. C) state governments in Massachusetts and Wisconsin actively helped capture runaway slaves. D) the Underground Railroad was destroyed

A) many Northerners who were not abolitionists were outraged at the sight of people being forced to return to slavery.

Theodore Roosevelt called the progressive-era journalists who investigated corruption and fraud in American business and politics A) muckrakers. B) yellow journalists. C) paper tigers. D) whistle blowers.

A) muckrakers.

Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 partly because of his A) plans for a transcontinental railroad. B) desire to embarrass President Pierce. C) dramatic religious conversion. D) desire to placate the South.

A) plans for a transcontinental railroad.

Samuel M. "Golden Rule" Jones, Tom L. Johnson, and Seth Low were all A) progressive mayors. B) machine politicians. C) progressive governors. D) Greenwich Village intellectuals.

A) progressive mayors.

The New York City draft riots in July 1863 were triggered by the Conscription Act of 1863 and A) racial backlash against the Emancipation Proclamation. B) anger over war profiteering by unscrupulous businesses. C) frustration with rampant inflation and stagnant wages. D) anger at New York Democrats who did not support Lincoln's policies.

A) racial backlash against the Emancipation Proclamation

One basic reason why the U.S. Senate failed to ratify the Versailles Treaty was the A) refusal of both Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge to compromise B) conflict between the treaty and the Monroe Doctrine C) uncompromising opposition of the "irreconcilables." D) failure of the treaty to include a League of Nations

A) refusal of both Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge to compromise

In wooing the progressives in the election of 1916, Wilson A) reversed himself and put into effect almost every important plank of the 1912 Progressive platform B) chose Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate C) appointed well-known progressive Felix Frankfurter to the Supreme Court D) continued to oppose "class legislation" which favored "special interests."

A) reversed himself and put into effect almost every important plank of the 1912 Progressive platform

American imperialism in the post-Spanish-American War era was A) short in duration. B) steadily increasing. C) non-existent. D) long-lasting.

A) short in duration.

A major implication of the Dred Scott decision was that A) slavery was a nationwide institution, excluded only where states specifically abolished it. B) only a territorial legislature could follow the principle of popular sovereignty. C) only Congress could exclude slavery from a territory. D) slavery was a state institution, legal only where states specifically adopted it.

A) slavery was a nationwide institution, excluded only where states specifically abolished it.

The Civil War caused the northern economy to experience A) soaring prices after 1862. B) high levels of unemployment. C) dramatic increases in immigration. D) relatively few strikes.

A) soaring prices after 1862.

Roosevelt reacted to the creation of the Northern Securities Company by A) suing to have it dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act. B) summoning J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill to the White House for a tongue-lashing. C) threatening to nationalize the railroads involved unless they voluntarily dissolved their merger. D) hailing it as an example of responsible behavior by big business.

A) suing to have it dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Roosevelt reacted to the creation of the Northern Securities Company by A) suing to have it dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act. B) summoning J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill to the White House for a tongue-lashing. C) threatening to nationalize the railroads involved unless they voluntarily dissolved their merger. D) hailing it as an example of responsible behavior by big business.

A) suing to have it dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

If the United States had not entered the Great War, it is likely that A) the Central Powers would have won in 1918 B) there would have been a negotiated settlement because of the mutual exhaustion of both sides C) the Bolshevik revolution would have succeeded in spreading to the rest of Europe D) Germany would have invaded England

A) the Central Powers would have won in 1918

Much Anti-Federalist opposition to the Constitution disappeared when A) the Federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people. B) it became obvious that the constitution would be adopted over their objections. C) Alexander Hamilton threatened to impose an even stronger national government with the assistance of the army. D) it was agreed that an Anti-Federalist would be chosen vice-president. the federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people

A) the Federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people.

"We must either submit to degradation, and to the loss of property worth four billions, or we must secede." The source of this quote is A) the Mississippi convention. B) the Crittenden Compromise. C) Virginia's "Declaration of Causes of Secession." D) John C. Calhoun's A Disquisition on Government.

A) the Mississippi convention.

The idea that "cotton is king" played a major role in the way A) the South conducted foreign affairs. B) Lincoln viewed slavery. C) Davis was chosen president of the Confederacy. D) Lincoln viewed foreign policy.

A) the South conducted foreign affairs.

The work of radicals in the labor movement led to A) the belief by many Americans that unions were associated with communism B) harmony in the industrial workforce for the first time since the Great War C) increased participation in unions by all major industries D) the development of collective bargaining

A) the belief by many Americans that unions were associated with communism

In the 1890s a nasty dispute erupted between the United States and Great Britain over A) the boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana. B) seal hunting in the Bering Sea. C) British occupation of the port of Corinto, Nicaragua. D) the boundary between Argentina and British Guiana.

A) the boundary between Venezuela and British Guiana.

The XYZ Affair resulted in A) the creation of a Navy department and military appropriations to pursue the Federalist demands for war with France. B) France unilaterally ending the alliance of 1778 with America. C) France securing an alliance by bribing the American negotiators. D) the creation of a permanent standing army with military appropriations to pursue the Republican demands for war with England.

A) the creation of a Navy department and military appropriations to pursue the Federalist demands for war with France.

At the start of the Civil War, Lincoln's Secretary of State William Seward A) thought he could dominate Lincoln. B) was the most incompetent member of Lincoln's Cabinet. C) believed Lincoln was far too radical on slavery. D) argued that the North was better off without the slaveholding South.

A) thought he could dominate Lincoln.

In his second inaugural address, Lincoln A) urged tolerance and mercy toward the South. B) made no efforts to calm southern fears about his administration. C) reiterated the themes and goals of his first inaugural address. D) claimed he would not interfere with slavery in the states where it already existed

A) urged tolerance and mercy toward the South.

In his first term as president, Woodrow Wilson A) used his power imaginatively and aggressively. B) courageously fought against racial segregation. C) failed to achieve most of his goals because of congressional opposition. D) was an inept and uninspiring leader.

A) used his power imaginatively and aggressively.

Many Northerners believed that the Panic of 1857 A) was caused by the southern-dominated Congress. B) resulted from "Bleeding Kansas." C) was brought on by the Dred Scott decision. D) proved that Buchanan's economic policies threatened to bankrupt the nation.

A) was caused by the southern-dominated Congress.

The average settler in Kansas A) was not strongly interested in the slavery question. B) owned large numbers of slaves. C) believed slavery should be abolished. D) moved to Kansas specifically because of the controversy over slavery.

A) was not strongly interested in the slavery question

President Cleveland's reaction to the possibility of annexing Hawaii was to A) withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate, but refuse to oust the American revolutionaries by force. B) send the army and navy to guarantee American control of the islands. C) withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate and use force to oust the American revolutionaries. D) negotiate a treaty annexing Hawaii but fail to push it through the Republican-dominated Senate.

A) withdraw the treaty annexing Hawaii from the Senate, but refuse to oust the American revolutionaries by force.

One of the suffragists' more successful justifications was the "purity" argument that A) women's moral superiority would clean up politics if they were given the vote. B) because women were no more pure or impure than men, they had nothing to lose by voting. C) women must first purify politics through religion, then they should get the vote. D) women's moral superiority would be endangered by voting unless illiterate blacks and immigrants were disfranchised.

A) women's moral superiority would clean up politics if they were given the vote.

On the eve of World War I the United States was a A) world power. B) marginal regional power. C) major, but rapidly declining, world power. D) major power economically, but still a very minor power politically.

A) world power.

The Republican who caused Jefferson the most trouble by conspiring with General James Wilkinson and flirting with treason was A) Thomas Pinckney. B) Aaron Burr. C) John Randolph. D) Robert Livingston.

Aaron Burr

In comparing the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 with the system by which Great Britian governed her colonies, it would be most accurate to say that the British system was?

Adopted for the intermediate stage of territorial development, which would give way to statehood in the third stage

The author of the Report on Manufactures, which was a bold call for national economic planning, was A) Thomas Jefferson. B) James Madison. C) Alexander Hamilton. D) Patrick Henry.

Alexander Hamilton

When the Annapolis meeting of 1786, which was called to discuss commercial problems, seemed about to fail, ________ proposed a convention in Philadelphia to deal with constitutional reform. A) James Madison B) Alexander Hamilton C) George Washington D) Thomas Jefferson

Alexander Hamilton

________ advocated a "loose" interpretation of the "necessary and proper" clause to support the creation of a national bank. A) Thomas Jefferson B) Patrick Henry C) James Madison D) Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton

3. Which of the following statements about immigrants in the West in the late 1800s is false? A) Nearly one-third of all Californians were foreign-born. B) Many Chinese came to the U.S. to serve as cheap labor on the railroads. C) There were large populations of Spanish-speaking immigrants in the Southwest. D) Although a few did live in the West, Irish and German immigrants almost exclusively immigrated to Eastern states.

Although a few did live in the West, Irish and German immigrants almost exclusively immigrated to Eastern states.

The United States received very favorable terms in the Peace of Paris ( 1783) because the?

American commisioners skillfully played rival European powers against each other

Battle of Saratoga

American victory , turning point in the American revolution

) Who does the text describe as "the symbol for a new democratically oriented generation"? A) Martin Van Buren B) Henry Clay C) Andrew Jackson D) John C. Calhoun

Andrew Jackson

During John Quincy Adams' presidency, the politician who prepared for the next election by relying on his military reputation and portraying himself as losing the presidency in 1824 due to the "corrupt bargain" was A) Henry Clay. B) William Henry Harrison. C) John C. Calhoun. D) Andrew Jackson.

Andrew Jackson

The American general who pursued the Seminole Native A) negotiation of the Treaty of Ghent on terms favorable to the United States. B) acquisition of the area through the Louisiana Purchase. C) emergence of Andrew Jackson as a military hero. D) writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Key. Answer: C (p. 204-205) Topic: Anglo-American Rapprochement Skill: Factual 21) The American general who pursued the Seminole Native Americans into Florida and seized two Spanish forts was A) Henry Dearborn. B) William Henry Harrison. C) Oliver Hazard Perry. D) Andrew Jackson.

Andrew Jackson

In the election of 1828, A) Andrew Jackson defeated John Quincy Adams in a contest disgraced by character assassination on both sides. B) Henry Clay was chosen president when the election was thrown into the House of Representatives. C) Andrew Jackson lost because of the "corrupt bargain" between Clay and Adams. D) the negative political campaigns depressed voter turnout.

Andrew Jackson defeated John Quincy Adams in a contest disgraced by character assassination on both sides

________ was a leading enemy of the Second National Bank of the United States. A) Daniel Webster B) Nicholas Biddle C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson

Andrew jackson

In the presidential election of 1916, the leading issue was A) Wilson's inept efforts at domestic reform B) American policy toward the warring powers C) government regulation of business D) child-labor legislation

B) American policy toward the warring powers

Even though he did not defeat Lee, McClellan managed at least to stop his 1862 invasion of the North at A) Manassas. B) Antietam. C) Gettysburg. D) Shiloh.

B) Antietam.

The Native American nation force to move from Georgia as a result of Jackson's policies was the A) Seminole B) Cherokee C) Sac D) Choctaw

B) Cherokee

At the turn of the twentieth century, the so-called Boxer Rebellion broke out in A) Japan. B) China. C) the Philippines. D) Cuba.

B) China.

Members of the peace societies in the North were often called A) Rattlesnakes. B) Copperheads. C) Water Moccasins. D) Cobras

B) Copperheads.

The three Force Acts (1870-1871) were an attempt by Congress to control groups like the A) carpetbaggers. B) Union League of America. C) scalawags. D) Ku Klux Klan.

D) Ku Klux Klan.

Under the Platt Amendment, A) America promised it would not acquire the Philippines as a result of the Spanish-American War B) Cuba was forced to promise to grant naval bases to America and to avoid treaties with any foreign power which might compromise its independence. C) America promised to grant independence to the Philippines by 1925. D) Cuba promised to allow American businesses to do as they wished.

B) Cuba was forced to promise to grant naval bases to America and to avoid treaties with any foreign power which might compromise its independence.

The major issue in the Spanish-American War was the independence of A) Venezuela. B) Cuba. C) Honduras. D) Haiti

B) Cuba.

The leader of the Filipino nationalist forces during the 1890s was A) Depuy de Lôme. B) Emilio Aguinaldo. C) Valeriano Weyler. D) Calixto Garcia.

B) Emilio Aguinaldo.

In summer 1863, Lee launched his last assault into the North and was defeated in the Battle of ________, which probably decided the fate of the Union. A) Shiloh B) Gettysburg C) Fredericksburg D) Antietam

B) Gettysburg

How did Lincoln treat the civil rights of dissenters during the Civil War? A) He did everything in his power to preserve their rights because he was devoted to individual freedom. B) He suspended the writ of habeas corpus in critical areas and applied martial law freely. C) He prohibited any free elections during the war. D) He accused newspapers that criticized his government of treason and ordered them closed.

B) He suspended the writ of habeas corpus in critical areas and applied martial law freely.

The former mining engineer and head of the Belgian Relief Commission, whom Wilson named to mobilize America's agricultural resources, was A) William Jennings Bryan B) Herbert Hoover C) William G. McAdoo D) Frank P. Walsh

B) Herbert Hoover

The map "Battles in the West," depicts how control of the ________ was the focus of most of the battles in the West. A) port of New Orleans B) Mississippi River C) Ohio River D) Missouri River

B) Mississippi River

As seen in the map "Bleeding Kansas," Kansas Territory was bordered on the east by proslavery A) Illinois. B) Missouri. C) Nebraska. D) Arkansas

B) Missouri

The organization formed in 1909 by a group of liberal whites and blacks to eradicate racial discrimination was the A) Southern Christian Leadership Conference. B) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. C) Urban League. D) Congress of Racial Equality.

B) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Clement L. Vallandigham believed there were two rebellions in progress, "the Secessionist Rebellion," and "the Abolitionist Rebellion." Vallandigham was a A) War Democrat. B) Peace Democrat. C) Copperhead. D) Radical Republican.

B) Peace Democrat.

20. The doctrine of "separate but equal" facilities was handed down by the Supreme Court in A) Hall v. De Cuir. B) Plessy v. Ferguson. C) the Civil Rights Cases. D) Munn v. Illinois.

B) Plessy v. Ferguson.

A leading magazine editor and crusading reformer of the early twentieth century was A) Eugene V. Debs. B) S. S. McClure. C) Theodore Roosevelt. D) E. A. Ross.

B) S. S. McClure.

During the Great War, mere criticism of the government became cause for arrest and imprisonment under the ________ Act. A) Espionage B) Sedition C) Trading-with-the-Enemies D) Homeland Security

B) Sedition

The United States attempted to establish some control over a future canal across the isthmus of Central America by negotiating with A) France. B) Spain. C) Great Britain. D) Germany.

B) Spain

The Lecompton constitution caused a complete break between President Buchanan and his former political ally A) Abraham Lincoln. B) Stephen Douglas. C) Jefferson Davis. D) Charles Sumner.

B) Stephen Douglas.

How did blacks react to the Emancipation Proclamation? A) They were suspicious about Lincoln's motives. B) They saw it as a beacon promising future improvement. C) There was no universal black reaction. D) They were largely indifferent to it because it had no immediate impact.

B) They saw it as a beacon promising future improvement.

Roosevelt sent officials to Chicago to investigate the condition of its slaughterhouses based on which of the following books? A) Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.'slaughterhouse-Five B) Upton Sinclair's The Jungle C) Jack London's Stockyard! D) Hamlin Garland's Crumbling Idols

B) Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

One of the most prominent black militants of the Progressive Era was A) Booker T. Washington. B) W.E.B. Du Bois. C) Oswald Garrison Villard. D) Michael Jordan.

B) W.E.B. Du Bois.

Which statement about the progressives' reaction to black militancy is correct? A) Theodore Roosevelt was a founding member of the NAACP. B) Woodrow Wilson was actively hostile to blacks. C) Theodore Roosevelt believed that justice for blacks in the South would come only by federal intervention. D) Woodrow Wilson sponsored the first significant civil rights legislation since Reconstruction.

B) Woodrow Wilson was actively hostile to blacks.

As a result of the Union victory, people tended to view America as A) evidence that democracy would fail. B) a nation, not just a union of states. C) vulnerable to further secession movements. D) a beacon of freedom for people of color everywhere.

B) a nation, not just a union of states.

In Muller v. Oregon (1908) attorney Louis Brandeis presented a "Brandeis brief" to the Supreme Court, which was based on A) English, not American, common law. B) abstract, rational principles, not legal precedent. C) economic and sociological evidence. D) American legal precedent.

B) abstract, rational principles, not legal precedent.

A major economic development between 1897 and 1904 was the A) devaluation of the dollar. B) acceleration of the tendency toward industrial concentration. C) successful unionization of basic industries such as steel. D) major depression brought on by Cleveland's tight money policies.

B) acceleration of the tendency toward industrial concentration.

During the Civil War era, federal courts A) were suspended and did not issue any opinions. B) admirably defended civil liberties. C) did whatever they were told to by Abraham Lincoln. D) refused to hear any issues regarding the military.

B) admirably defended civil liberties.

The Great War was precipitated by the A) Austrians launching a massive offensive across Switzerland in order to outflank and surprise the French B) assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalist C) French invading Germany to seek revenge for their humiliation in the Franco-Prussian War D) inability of the French and the Germans to reach a peaceful settlement in their dispute over control of the Alsace-Lorraine region

B) assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalist.

Andrew Jackson opposed John Marshall's rulings about the Cherokee Nation in Georgia because he A) was hoping to appease his southern supporters. B) believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the United States. C) was a strong advocate of states' rights. D) hated all American Indians and wanted to destroy them completely.

B) believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the United States.

The progressives attempted their first political reforms in the A) Senate. B) cities. C) South. D) House of Representatives.

B) cities.

The ________ plan was an urban reform, pioneered in Dayton, Ohio, whereby city affairs were administered on a nonpartisan basis by a professional. A) mayoralty. B) city manager. C) home rule. D) city commission.

B) city manager.

Prior to becoming president, Lincoln's position on slavery displayed his A) unwillingness to compromise. B) compassion toward the slave owner but condemnation of slavery. C) hatred for slavery and slave owners. D) compassion towards slaves and condemnation of slave owners.

B) compassion toward the slave owner but condemnation of slavery.

American attitudes towards the two sides in the Great War were most influenced by A) German propaganda B) conflicts over freedom of the seas C) British propaganda D) Wilson's militarism

B) conflicts over freedom of the seas

Queen Liliuokalani is best described as a(n) A) radical communist. B) determined nationalist. C) resolute advocate of democracy. D) ardent socialist.

B) determined nationalist.

In the first battle of the Spanish-American War, Commodore George Dewey A) routed the Spanish fleet in Havana harbor and blockaded Cuba. B) devastated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. C) raided Havana and kidnapped Spanish General Valeriano Weyler. D) was humiliated in a surprise attack by the Spanish navy.

B) devastated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.

As opposed to his successors from Hayes to McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt was A) dignified, soft-spoken, and passive. B) energetic, aggressive, and outspoken. C) uneducated, reticent, and impetuous. D) sensitive, predictable, and apathetic.

B) energetic, aggressive, and outspoken.

The Emancipation Proclamation directly freed A) only slaves in the border states controlled by the Union. B) no slaves. C) only slaves in areas of the South controlled by the Union army. D) all slaves in the South

B) no slaves.

The Emancipation Proclamation directly freed A) only slaves in the border states controlled by the Union. B) no slaves. C) only slaves in areas of the South controlled by the Union army. D) all slaves in the South.

B) no slaves.

Most Republican politicians defended emancipation on the grounds that A) blacks deserved it. B) northern blacks would all move to the South. C) the war's purpose was to end slavery. D) blacks could then be better assimilated.

B) northern blacks would all move to the South.

Most black Americans reacted to the Great War with A) cynicism about the irony of a racist society fighting to make the world safe for democracy B) optimism that the walls of prejudice were beginning to crumble C) delight that the armed forces were desegregated D) disgust with a "white man's war" which did not concern them

B) optimism that the walls of prejudice were beginning to crumble

When the United States entered the Great War, from a military point of view, the country was A) lacking both a standing army and navy B) poorly prepared C) extremely well prepared D) lacking an adequate navy, although the army was first-rate and well-equipped

B) poorly prepared

When the French indicated a willingness to reopen the negotiations that had been disrupted by the XYZ Affair, President Adams responded by A) demanding conquest of the remaining Spanish colonies in North and South America. B) pursuing a policy of international peace, despite Federalist demands for war. C) playing upon French fears by discussing an alliance with England. D) disregarding the French overtures because the Federalists had turned American hostility toward the French against the Republicans also.

B) pursuing a policy of international peace, despite Federalist demands for war.

Military action early in the Civil War seemed to indicate that A) northern generals were superior. B) southern generals were superior. C) northern enlisted men were superior. D) southern enlisted men were superior

B) southern generals were superior.

Military action early in the Civil War seemed to indicate that A) northern generals were superior. B) southern generals were superior. C) northern enlisted men were superior. D) southern enlisted men were superior.

B) southern generals were superior.

When it came to non-whites, white progressives tended to be A) firm defenders of their civil rights. B) strongly prejudiced against them. C) advocates of special job and welfare programs for them. D) indifferent and unconcerned about them.

B) strongly prejudiced against them.

American attitudes toward Europe in the late nineteenth century were characterized by A) veneration for Europe as the center of learning and fine art. B) suspicion of European society as decadent and aristocratic. C) envy of European imperialism. D) the belief that America was basically an extension of Europe.

B) suspicion of European society as decadent and aristocratic.

After the German sinking of a French channel steamer in March 1916, A) the United States declared war on Germany B) the Americans protested, and the Germans pledged to stop attacks on merchant ships without warning C) the Americans protested and the Germans responded by sinking the Lusitania D) Wilson came to believe the United States should enter the war but was convinced by Theodore Roosevelt to remain neutral

B) the Americans protested, and the Germans pledged to stop attacks on merchant ships without warning

After the Spanish-American War, heated debates raged over the imperialism of annexing A) Cuba. B) the Philippine Islands. C) Puerto Rico. D) the Dominican Republic.

B) the Philippine Islands.

The main responsibility for "bleeding Kansas" rests upon A) Missouri border ruffians who mercilessly attacked the free state partisans. B) the Pierce administration, which did not ensure honest elections because that might alienate the South. C) abolitionist fanatics such as John Brown who were unwilling to compromise their principles and were willing to resort to violence. D) the Buchanan administration, which refused to ensure honest elections because that might alienate the South.

B) the pierce administration did not ensure honest elections because that might alienate the south

In establishing a new government, the South A) totally rejected all existing federal laws. B) was handicapped by its states' rights philosophy. C) ignored federal precedents and administrative machinery. D) benefited from its states' rights philosophy.

B) was handicapped by its states' rights philosophy.

Wilson's policy of holding the Germans to "strict accountability" for any American losses resulting from violations of freedom of the seas A) did not reflect most Americans' neutrality B) was strongly opposed by Secretary of State Bryan C) was supported by his demands for greatly increased military appropriations D) was consistent with international law

B) was strongly opposed by Secretary of State Bryan

When President Wilson left the United States to attend the peace conference in Paris he A) garnered respect from the Republicans in Congress B) was the first U.S. president to leave American territory C) assured American involvement in and acceptance of the League of Nations D) had to take great precautions because of the Spanish flu epidemic

B) was the first U.S. president to leave American territory

Americans had stronger reasons for extending their influence in Latin America rather than in the Pacific because they A) feared they would be shut off from Latin American markets by European imperialism. B) were accustomed to protecting American interests in Latin America under the Monroe Doctrine. C) saw a greater need to bring Christianity to the inhabitants. D) had much smaller economic interests in Latin America.

B) were accustomed to protecting American interests in Latin America under the Monroe Doctrine.

Since the 1930s most historians have agreed that the progressives A) sought and achieved revolutionary changes to check concentrated industrial power. B) were actually conservatives who wanted to preserve capitalism. C) did not completely succeed with their reform efforts, especially in challenging the trusts. D) presented their reforms as mere window dressing to distract the public.

B) were actually conservatives who wanted to preserve capitalism.

Gag Rule

Banned the discussion of a topic in Congress

]During his first term, Jefferson fought a small naval war, attempting to resist the blackmail of the A) Haitian pirates. B) English. C) French. D) Barbary pirates.

Barbary pirates

In his "Farewell Address," George Washington indicated his A) support of northern commercial interests. B) belief that political parties were harmful and divisive. C) willingness to run for a third term if nominated. D) support for a military alliance with England.

Belief that political parties were harmful and divisive

_________were/was essential to the culture, religion, and sustenance of the Plains Indians. A) Maize B) Hemp C) Bison D) Cattle

Bison

An American advantage in the war for independence was?

British reluctance to engage in full-scale war against the colonies

The first major battle of the Revolutionary War was the battle of?

Bunker Hill

In 1900, the United States insisted that the constitution of ________ grant America naval bases and authorize American intervention whenever necessary to protect life, property, and individual liberty. A) the Philippines B) Puerto Rico C) Cuba D) Panama

C) Cuba

The painters, such as Robert Henri and George Luks, who sympathized with the progressive reforms and who painted city slum scenes were called the A) progressive realists. B) abstract expressionists. C) Ashcan artists. D) socialist realists.

C) Ashcan artists.

Of whom was W.E.B. Du Bois speaking when he said: "He belittles the emasculating effects of caste distinctions, and opposes the higher training and ambitions of our brightest minds"? A) Frederick Douglass. B) Marcus Garvey. C) Booker T. Washington. D) Carter G. Woodson.

C) Booker T. Washington.

How did the Civil War affect women and their "proper spheres"? A) Only northern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers. B) Both northern and southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by serving in their respective armies in non-combat roles. C) Both northern and southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers. D) Only southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers.

C) Both northern and southern women expanded their "proper spheres" by working as army nurses and replacing male workers

The first major battle of the Civil War in July 1861 was disastrous for the Union. It was the Battle of A) Antietam. B) Shiloh. C) Bull Run. D) Sharpsburg.

C) Bull Run.

As part of the New Freedom, the ________ Act prohibited both price discrimination, which encouraged monopolies, and interlocking directorates created to control competition. A) Hepburn. B) Sherman Antitrust. C) Clayton Antitrust. D) Federal Trade.

C) Clayton Antitrust.

In order to build the Panama Canal on the terms he wanted, President Roosevelt intervened militarily to aid the Panamanian revolt against A) Nicaragua. B) Honduras. C) Colombia D) El Salvador.

C) Colombia

Comparing them as presidents, the basic difference between Lincoln and Davis was that A) Davis was patient with people who talked too much or did not understand him. B) Lincoln failed to delegate authority. C) Davis allowed personal feelings to distort his judgment. D) Lincoln could not stand criticism.

C) Davis allowed personal feelings to distort his judgment.

What role did Great Britain play in the Civil War? A) Strong public support in England for the North made no difference in British policies. B) Davis threatened to declare war if England delivered two ironclad rams built for the Union. C) England needed northern wheat more than southern cotton. D) Great Britain strongly supported the Union in every way possible throughout the war.

C) England needed northern wheat more than southern cotton.

A canal across the Isthmus of Panama was initially started by the A) English. B) Germans. C) French. D) Dutch.

C) French.

After the Union was defeated at Bull Run, Lincoln chose ________ to command the Union forces. A) Winfield Scott B) Ulysses S. Grant C) George B. McClellan D) Winfield Scott Hancock

C) George B. McClellan

The first and only president of the Confederacy was A) Robert E. Lee. B) Alexander Hamilton Stephens. C) Jefferson Davis. D) Howell Cobb.

C) Jefferson Davis.

The "greatest single step" toward the American Civil War was the A) Fugitive Slave Act. B) Missouri Compromise. C) Kansas-Nebraska Act. D) Compromise of 1850.

C) Kansas-Nebraska Act

The ________ party was most closely associated with Americanism, or nativism A) Republican B) Free-Soil C) Know-Nothing D) Whig

C) Know-Nothing

Wilson believed that any weaknesses in the Versailles Treaty could be overcome by the A) Fourteen Points B) World Court C) League of Nations D) Lodge Reservations

C) League of Nations.

In the spirit of the "Young America" movement, William Walker attempted repeatedly to gain control of A) El Salvador. B) Cuba. C) Nicaragua. D) Mexico.

C) Nicaragua.

After the Civil War, America extended its overseas influence and empire in the A) Middle East and Europe. B) Near East and Australia. C) Pacific and Latin America. D) Middle East and Africa.

C) Pacific and Latin America.

In 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from A) England. B) France. C) Russia. D) Canada.

C) Russia.

The early confidence of both sides was rocked by the staggering casualties sustained in 1862 at A) Bull Run. B) Seven Pines. C) Shiloh. D) Vicksburg.

C) Shiloh

The most prominent spokesman of the "Young America" movement was A) Ralph Waldo Emerson. B) Horace Greeley. C) Stephen A. Douglas. D) Henry Clay.

C) Stephen A. Douglas

Who was the "the Henry Clay of his generation," the man based his politics on expansion and popular sovereignty? A) Franklin Pierce. B) Abraham Lincoln. C) Stephen A. Douglas. D) James Buchanan.

C) Stephen A. Douglas

The "the Henry Clay of his generation," the man who based his politics on expansion and popular sovereignty, was A) Franklin Pierce. B) Abraham Lincoln. C) Stephen A. Douglas. D) James Buchanan

C) Stephen A. Douglas.

The first progressive president and the advocate of the "Square Deal" was A) William McKinley. B) Woodrow Wilson. C) Theodore Roosevelt. D) William H. Taft.

C) Theodore Roosevelt.

By the beginning of World War I, how did most Americans view their role in the world? A) They had rejected the isolationism of earlier generations. B) They were keenly aware of the implications of extending American influence into underdeveloped nations. C) They did as they wanted in foreign affairs, unlimited by any rational analysis of the probable consequences. D) They had a sophisticated understanding of the implications of America's new status as a world power.

C) They did as they wanted in foreign affairs, unlimited by any rational analysis of the probable consequences.

How did the theories of Sigmund Freud affect the ideas and behavior of progressive intellectuals? A) They were especially influenced by Freud's essentially dark view of human nature. B) They strongly agreed with his view that almost all human behavior was determined by an individual's genetic inheritance. C) They often used Freud's ideas as an excuse to reject Victorian prudery. D) They agreed with him that eternal archetypes were the fundamental factors in understanding psychology.

C) They often used Freud's ideas as an excuse to reject Victorian prudery.

What was the effect of the Great War upon the American economy from 1914 to 1916? A) Because of Wilson's embargo, there was almost no effect B) Trade with the Central Powers almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Allies fell to a trickle C) Trade with the Allies almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Central Powers almost disappeared D) Because of Wilson's embargo, the economy suffered a severe recession

C) Trade with the Allies almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Central Powers almost disappeared

Legislation protecting workers against on-the-job accidents was inspired by the disastrous A) Iroquois Theater fire. B) Hormel Packinghouse collapse. C) Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. D) San Francisco earthquake and fire.

C) Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.

The Mississippi River was controlled by the Union after the fall of A) New Orleans. B) Mobile. C) Vicksburg. D) Louisville.

C) Vicksburg.

Late-nineteenth-century feminists were handicapped in their campaign for woman suffrage by A) strong opposition in western states. B) their demand for an equal rights amendment. C) Victorian sexual inhibitions. D) their support for equal pay for equal work.

C) Victorian sexual inhibitions.

During the Great War, the government agency which had almost dictatorial powers to allocate scarce materials and fix prices was the A) United States Railroad Administration B) Council of National Defense C) War Industries Board D) War Labor Policies Board

C) War Industries Board.

"The betterment we seek must be accomplished...mainly through the National Government." This 1910 call for the expansion of federal power was made by progressive A) William McKinley. B) Theodore Roosevelt. C) William H. Taft. D) William Jennings Bryan.

C) William H. Taft.

The banner "progressive" state during the early years of the twentieth century was A) New York. B) California. C) Wisconsin. D) Massachusetts.

C) Wisconsin.

The idealistic president who set out to raise the moral tone of American foreign policy by denouncing dollar diplomacy was A) William Howard Taft B) Theodore Roosevelt C) Woodrow Wilson D) William McKinley

C) Woodrow Wilson

"If America is not to have free enterprise, then she can have freedom of no sort whatever." This vague argument by whom appealed to voters in the 1912 election who feared both the growing power of corporations and the full government control of them? A) Theodore Roosevelt. B) William H. Taft. C) Woodrow Wilson. D) William Jennings Bryan.

C) Woodrow Wilson.

The French demand in 1797-1798 for a bribe as a precondition to negotiations with America was called the A) Lyon-Griswold Tangle. B) Berlin Decree. C) XYZ Affair. D) ABC Affair.

C) XYZ Affair

Which of the following is an accurate description of Woodrow Wilson's reaction toward the U.S. declaration of war in 1917? A) energized and aggressive B) belligerent and resolute C) agonized and idealistic D) noncommittal and depressed

C) agonized and idealistic

During his second term, when the progressive movement became steadily more liberal, Theodore Roosevelt A) criticized it as socialistic. B) refused to advance beyond his earlier moderate reforms. C) also took more liberal positions. D) flirted with socialism.

C) also took more liberal positions.

Queen Liliuokalani's "Hawaii for Hawaiians" movement led to A) immediate annexation by the United States. B) American support for self-determination for Hawaiians. C) an American-led coup and the abolition of the monarchy. D) establishment of a constitutional mona

C) an American-led coup and the abolition of the monarchy.

When it appeared as if the Versailles Treaty, without reservations, would not be approved by the necessary two-thirds of the Senate, Wilson A) compromised with the "mild" reservationists B) used all his political influence on fellow Democrats C) attempted to rally support for the treaty by a nationwide speaking tour. D) lost all interest in the treaty

C) attempted to rally support for the treaty by a nationwide speaking tour.

Some anti-imperialists objected to annexing the Philippines because it would A) increase the power of the Democrats in Congress. B) limit immigration from Asia. C) be unconstitutional if statehood was not a possibility. D) increase the power of the Republicans in Congress.

C) be unconstitutional if statehood was not a possibility.

Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee seceded when Lincoln A) ordered the Union army to invade the South. B) approved the execution of Confederates as criminals. C) called for 75,000 volunteers after the fall of Fort Sumter. D) appointed Charles Sumner to his Cabinet.

C) called for 75,000 volunteers after the fall of Fort Sumter.

Taft got into political hot water in the 1910 Ballinger-Pinchot controversy, which dealt with A) railroad legislation. B) life-insurance scandals. C) conservation. D) adulterated food.

C) conservation.

The "ultra" Radical Republicans A) wanted to protect freedmen from exploitation, but not give them the vote. B) ignored black rights. C) demanded immediate civil and political equality for blacks. D) accepted the southern states restored under the Johnson Reconstruction plan.

C) demanded immediate civil and political equality for blacks.

The Battle of New Orleans in 1815 resulted in the A) negotiation of the Treaty of Ghent on terms favorable to the United States. B) acquisition of the area through the Louisiana Purchase. C) emergence of Andrew Jackson as a military hero. D) writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Key.

C) emergence of Andrew Jackson as a military hero.

The Underground Railroad A) was well-organized and extensive in both the North and the South. B) helped slaves escape to Mexico. C) endangered slavery by its explicit challenge to the South. D) aided tens of thousands of escaping slaves each year.

C) endangered slavery by its explicit challenge to the South.

Lincoln was nominated for president in 1860 in part because of his A) position as the front-runner. B) extensive experience in the House of Representatives. C) excellent team of convention managers. D) support from the Whigs and Know-Nothings

C) excellent team of convention managers.

One example of the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation was the inability of the United States to A) prevent English annexation of Florida. B) force England to withdraw its troops from American soil after the Revolutionary War. C) force England to abandon military posts it built beyond the boundaries of the original thirteen states. D) prohibit French settlers from claiming American land in the Ohio River Valley.

C) force England to abandon military posts it built beyond the boundaries of the original thirteen states.

After the Civil War, most Americans' attitude toward foreign affairs was that they A) wanted America to become a military ally of England. B) condemned imperialism and interference in other nations' affairs by all nations as immoral and undemocratic. C) gave little thought to foreign affairs. D) realized that the Monroe Doctrine was undemocratic.

C) gave little thought to foreign affairs.

American statesmen who pursued a foreign policy of imperialism without colonies A) were essentially greedy, thinking only of increasing profits by overseas expansion without any regard for the consequences for the people being exploited. B) refused to accept their proper role in world affairs as a major power. C) genuinely, but incorrectly, believed that they were exporting democracy along with capitalism and industrialization. D) were totally undirected and unfocused with virtually no goals.

C) genuinely, but incorrectly, believed that they were exporting democracy along with capitalism and industrialization.

The alliance between leaders in the military and in business, the foundation of which was laid by President Wilson during World War I, is known as the A) Iron Triangle B) military requirement C) industrial-military complex D) mobilization effort

C) industrial-military complex

Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, and Vittorio Orlando were A) the commanding generals of the French, English, and Italian armies B) jailed for criticizing the war in America C) members of the so-called Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference D) the first three presidents of the League of Nations

C) members of the so-called Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference

The progressives were A) challenging the fundamental principles of capitalism. B) a totally brand-new movement. C) never a single group seeking a single objective. D) united in their vision of how to reform America.

C) never a single group seeking a single objective.

When Panama revolted against Colombia, Roosevelt A) dispatched the cruiser Nashville to Panama to help Colombia quell the revolt. B) stayed neutral even though he supported Panama. C) ordered the cruiser Nashville to Panama to prevent Colombia from subduing the revolution. D) stayed neutral even though he supported Columbia.

C) ordered the cruiser Nashville to Panama to prevent Colombia from subduing the revolution.

After recognizing the new Republic of Panama, Secretary Hay negotiated a treaty that gave the United States control over a ten-mile wide Canal Zone for A) 100 years. B) 25 years. C) perpetuity. D) 50 years and a day.

C) perpetuity.

President Lincoln's ultimate purpose for fighting the Civil war was to A) destroy slavery. B) please the abolitionists. C) preserve the Union. D) profit northern manufacturers.

C) preserve the Union.

Faced with public clamor for war with Spain, McKinley A) played upon and increased the war fever by his irresponsible statements B) caved in to pressures from Wall Street investors who wanted war C) refused to panic, but reluctantly and hesitantly sent Congress a war message D) refused to send a declaration of war to Congress, which declared war on its own

C) refused to panic, but reluctantly and hesitantly sent Congress a war message

Faced with public clamor for war with Spain, McKinley A) played upon and increased the war fever by his irresponsible statements. B) caved in to pressures from Wall Street investors who wanted war. C) refused to panic, but reluctantly and hesitantly sent Congress a war message. D) refused to send a declaration of war to Congress, which declared war on its own.

C) refused to panic, but reluctantly and hesitantly sent Congress a war message.

Theodore Roosevelt believed that the most effective means of dealing with big corporations was to A) rely on the laws of supply and demand. B) nationalize basic industries. C) regulate rather than eliminate them. D) take a hands-off approach.

C) regulate rather than eliminate them.

Farm income during the Great War A) dropped B) increased slightly C) rose dramatically D) failed to keep up with inflation

C) rose dramatically

An examination of the Confederate war effort reveals that A) there was a serious lack of arms and ammunition. B) northern military might was overwhelming. C) southern armies did not lose any battles because of a lack of armaments. D) southern armies were well supplied with shoes and uniforms

C) southern armies did not lose any battles because of a lack of armaments.

The Great War triggered a major movement of A) farmers to urban centers B) urbanites to rural communities C) southern blacks to northern cities D) European immigrants to the United States

C) southern blacks to northern cities.

During the election of 1852, both major political parties A) rejected the Ostend Manifesto. B) attacked the Compromise of 1850. C) supported the Compromise of 1850. D) avoided taking a stand on the Compromise of 1850

C) supported the Compromise of 1850.

Progressive reformers tended to believe that A) social evils were due to human sinfulness. B) social evils were due to human weakness. C) the solution to social problems was to change faulty institutions. D) social evils were God's ways of testing his people.

C) the solution to social problems was to change faulty institutions.

President Wilson's basic approach to foreign relations was that he A) favored aggressive military expansion by America B) thought the Open Door policy and the Panama Canal should be abandoned as imperialistic C) wanted to spread the gospel of American democracy to enlighten the unfortunate and ignorant D) demonstrated a hard-headed, almost cynical, realism

C) wanted to spread the gospel of American democracy to enlighten the unfortunate and ignorant

James Buchanan received the Democratic presidential nomination in 1856 mainly because he A) took a strong stand for the extension of slavery. B) had a moderate stand on slavery, even though he was a Southerner. C) was overseas during the bitter debate over Kansas. D) had almost no political experience and therefore no political baggage.

C) was overseas during the bitter debate over Kansas

Stating that nothing must interfere with the ability of Americans "to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions," New York journalist John L. O'Sullivan was describing the concept of A) economic determinism. B) transcendentalism. C) manifest destiny. D) progressivism.

C)Manifest Destiny

As a group the Tories in America?

Came from every social and economic class and geographic area

A major improvement in the transportation network in the 1820s and 1830s was the construction of A) turnpikes. B) railroads. C) flatboats. D) canals.

Canals

Economic policies of Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover

Calvin Coolidge: Business of America is business -cuts taxes of the wealthy -vetoed a bill to help farmers Herbert Hoover: people take care of themselves

The two railroads joined in 1869 to form the first transcontinental railroad were the A) Great Northern and the Northern Pacific. B) Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy and the New York Central. C) Kansas Pacific and the Chesapeake and Ohio. D) Central Pacific and the Union Pacific.

Central Pacific and the Union Pacific

The most overwhelming American defeat in the war was General Clinton's May 1780 capture of?

Charleston

________ led the Nez Percé of Oregon and Idaho on a thousand-mile campaign, outwitting federal troops, before being forced to surrender. A) Sitting Bull B) Geronimo C) Red Cloud D) Chief Joseph

Chief Joseph

2. In 1882 Congress passed a law that in effect stopped immigration from A) China. B) Russia. C) Mexico. D) Poland.

China

A major source of the new feeling of nationalism after the Revolutionary War was the?

Common sacrifice by soliders and civialians during the war

In 1851, the government negotiated a new policy with the Plains tribes based on a divide-and-conquer strategy. This was known as the "________" policy. A) reservation B) concentration C) removal and resettlement D) dispersal

Concentration.

James Madison responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts by A) condemning them because they assumed that elected officials were the masters rather than the servants of the people. B) vigorously prosecuting alien critics of the government. C) intentionally violating the Sedition Act to test its constitutionality before the Supreme Court. D) organizing Republicans in Congress to block any Federalist measures until these acts were repealed.

Condemning them because they assumed that elected officials were the masters rather than the servants of the people

In the War of 1812, Captain Isaac Hull commanded the frigate ________ to a brilliant victory over the H.M.S. Guerriere. A) Chesapeake B) Constitution C) Leopard D) United States

Constitution

In the election of 1860, the ________ party nominated John Bell for president and ignored the conflicts rending the nation. A) Democratic (Southern) B) Constitutional Union C) Democratic (Northern) D) Republican

Constitutional Union

After secession began in 1860, the proposed constitutional amendment which would have guaranteed the future existence of slavery south of the old Missouri Compromise line was the A) Compromise of 1860. B) Crittenden Compromise. C) Douglas Amendment. D) Lincoln-Buchanan Compromise.

Crittenden Compromise.

Because of the Alabama claims of 1871, the British paid the United States $15.5 million for A) land seized in Alabama by Canadians. B) American sailors impressed during the Napoleonic Wars. C) Native American attacks on Southern frontier settlements. D) American ships sunk by Confederate cruisers built in England.

D) American ships sunk by Confederate cruisers built in England.

Many Americans favored neutrality during the Great War because A) they believed the Central Powers were going to be victorious within the first six months B) over two-thirds of all Americans were either first- or second-generation immigrants C) they believed the Allies were going to win the war within the first six months D) Americans traditionally feared entanglement in European affairs

D) Americans traditionally feared entanglement in European affairs

The former Democrat placed on the Lincoln ticket to assure victory in 1864 was A) Joseph E. Johnston. B) George B. McClellan. C) Stephen A. Douglas. D) Andrew Johnson.

D) Andrew Johnson.

Northern feelings seemed to reach a boiling point on the Fugitive Slave Law with the arrest and return of A) William and Ellen Craft. B) Frederick Jenkins. C) Euphemia Williams. D) Anthony Burns.

D) Anthony Burns.

On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses S. Grant at A) Lynchburg. B) Gettysburg. C) Richmond. D) Appomattox Court House.

D) Appomattox Court House.

In their greatest engagement of the war, in September, 1918, despite the heavy loss of 120,000 casualties, American troops won the Battle of A) Belleau Wood B) Chateau-Thierry C) Verdun D) Argonne Forest

D) Argonne Forest

According to the graph "Men Present for Service During the Civil War," which of the following statements is true? A) From 1862 to 1864 the South had twice as many soldiers as the North. B) In 1865 the North had twice as many soldiers as the South. C) Between 1862 and 1864 the North and South had approximately the same number of soldiers. D) At all times during the war the North had at least twice as many soldiers as the South.

D) At all times during the war the North had at least twice as many soldiers as the South.

The Open Door policy attempted to preserve the chances for American business to enter markets of A) India. B) Japan. C) Central America. D) China.

D) China.

The Open Door policy attempted to preserve the chances for American business to enter markets of A) India. B) Japan. C) Central America. D) China.

D) China.

The most notorious Peace Democrat was Ohio Congressman A) Benjamin Wade. B) Lambdin Milligan. C) John Slidell. D) Clement L. Vallandigham.

D) Clement L. Vallandigham.

The expansionist mood of "Young America" best explains A) the numerous utopian communities such as the Shakers. B) Lincoln's election as president. C) the flood of new immigrants. D) Commodore Perry's expedition to Japan.

D) Commodore Perry's expedition to Japan

The Ostend Manifesto was an American statement that America should buy or seize A) Panama. B) Hawaii. C) Mexico. D) Cuba

D) Cuba

"[C]hained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience," is the way __________ described the deplorable conditions of insane asylums to Massachusetts state legislators. A) Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet B) Angelina Grimke C) Clara Barton D) Dorothea Dix

D) Dorothea Dix

Which of the following happened in the election of 1860? A) Lincoln campaigned actively, stressing his opposition to slavery in the territories. B) Southern Democrats swallowed their personal dislike of Douglas and supported him as the last chance to save the Union. C) John Bell demanded that the future extension of slavery be guaranteed. D) Douglas realized he would lose, rose above ambition, and appealed to voters, both North and South, to stand by the Union.

D) Douglas realized he would lose, rose above ambition, and appealed to voters, both North and South, to stand by the Union.

"An Act of Congress which deprives a person...of his liberty or property merely because he came himself or brought his property into a particular Territory...could hardly be dignified with the name of due process of law." This statement is from the A) Compromise of 1850. B) Ableman v. Booth decision. C) Kansas-Nebraska Act. D) Dred Scott decision.

D) Dred Scott decision.

"An Act of Congress which deprives a person...of his liberty or property merely because he came himself or brought his property into a particular Territory...could hardly be dignified with the name of due process of law." This statement is from the A) Compromise of 1850. B) Ableman v. Booth decision. C) Kansas-Nebraska Act. D) Dred Scott decision.

D) Dred Scott decision.

Which former presidential candidate was sentenced to ten years in prison under the Sedition Act for making an antiwar speech? A) George Creel B) Henry Cabot Lodge C) Robert La Follette D) Eugene V. Debs

D) Eugene V. Debs

During the Civil War, ________ established a protectorate over Mexico and installed Archduke Maximilian as emperor. A) Spain B) Austria C) Germany D) France

D) France

The head of the Committee on Public Information, which portrayed Germany as determined to dominate the world A) Bernard Baruch B) Herbert Hoover C) Fritz Kreisler D) George Creel

D) George Creel

At the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, the Allied Powers included A) Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey, and Germany B) Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany C) the United States, Great Britain, and France D) Great Britain, France, and Russia

D) Great Britain, France, and Russia

From 1893 to 1898, American expansionists tried to annex the A) Virgin Islands. B) Philippines. C) Dominican Republic. D) Hawaiian Islands.

D) Hawaiian Islands.

After Victoriano Huerta fled from power, President Wilson made a mistake regarding his policy toward Mexico. What was it? A) He maintained strict neutrality B) He supported the provisionary government because of their commitment to social reform C) He landed the marines at Vera Cruz to restore stability D) He supported one of Huerta's generals, Francisco "Pancho" Villa

D) He supported one of Huerta's generals, Francisco "Pancho" Villa

According to the "Gentlemen's Agreement" negotiated by Roosevelt in 1907, A) the main issues of the Russo-Japanese War were peacefully settled. B) China promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America. C) Chinese immigration was severely restricted. D) Japan promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America.

D) Japan promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America.

Sherman's march through Georgia and the fall of Atlanta in September 1864 contributed greatly to A) Grant's victory in the Wilderness. B) the resignation of Jefferson Davis. C) the Emancipation Proclamation. D) Lincoln's election in November.

D) Lincoln's election in November.

Due in large part to the _______, the U.S. Congress, after great debate, voted down the Treaty of Versailles. A) War Aims and Peace Proposals B) Irreconcilables Pledge C) Fourteen Points D) Lodge Reservations

D) Lodge Reservations

Many Americans were shocked and outraged when the British liner ________ was torpedoed and almost 1200 people died. A) Prince of Wales B) Titanic C) Sussex D) Lusitania

D) Lusitania

In February 1898 the American battleship ________ mysteriously exploded in Havana harbor. A) Vermont B) Massachusetts C) Iowa D) Maine

D) Maine

In 1916, United States troops, commanded by General John J. Pershing, invaded ________ to capture "Pancho" Villa. A) Haiti B) Puerto Rico C) Nicaragua D) Mexico

D) Mexico

Woodrow Wilson advocated a program called the A) New Nationalism. B) Square Deal. C) Fair Deal. D) New Freedom.

D) New Freedom.

On what day did the Germans sign the armistice ending the fighting in World War I? A) July 4, 1917 B) March 14, 1918 C) May 14, 1918 D) November 11, 1918

D) November 11, 1918

Early in the twentieth century, the United States announced that it must "exercise...an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere in the A) Teller Amendment. B) Platt Amendment. C) "Open Door" policy. D) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

D) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

In 1912 the breakup of the Republican party produced an independent third party, the Progressives, led by A) Louis Brandeis. B) William Howard Taft. C) Albert J. Beveridge. D) Theodore Roosevelt.

D) Theodore Roosevelt.

How did American liberals who took Wilson's pre-treaty statements literally react to the treaty that Wilson brought home from Paris? A) They were dismayed by its rejection of the League of Nations B) They approved of its absolute commitment to the principle of self-determination C) They agreed with forcing Germany to accept responsibility for causing war D) They were abysmally disappointed by what they considered a betrayal of Wilson's Fourteen Points

D) They were abysmally disappointed by what they considered a betrayal of Wilson's Fourteen Points

The peace settlement reached at the Paris conference of 1919 was called the ________ Treaty. A) Tuileries Garden B) Chartres C) League of Nations D) Versailles

D) Versailles

Grant's victory at ________ led to Lincoln's giving him command of all troops west of the Appalachians. A) Gettysburg B) Shiloh C) Antietam D) Vicksburg

D) Vicksburg

Wilson became deeply involved in Mexican politics in response to the reactionary General ________, who led the 1913 coup and had his former chief murdered. A) Francisco Madera B) Adolfo Diaz C) Francisco Villa D) Victoriano Huerta

D) Victoriano Huerta

The aggressive secretary of state who instigated the purchase of Alaska and pushed his expansionist policies was A) Josiah Strong. B) John Fiske. C) Henry Cabot Lodge. D) William H. Seward.

D) William H. Seward.

Theodore Roosevelt hand picked ________ to succeed him and carry out his policies. A) William McKinley. B) Woodrow Wilson. C) Charles Evans Hughes. D) William Howard Taft.

D) William Howard Taft.

The Union general noted for believing in and carrying out the doctrine of total war was A) Joseph Hooker. B) George B. McClellan. C) Ambrose Burnside. D) William T. Sherman.

D) William T. Sherman.

Lincoln justified the Emancipation Proclamation as A) the first step in realizing the goals of the Declaration of Independence. B) a noble goal that would stimulate northern morale. C) carrying out God's will. D) a military necessity because it would weaken the enemy

D) a military necessity because it would weaken the enemy

Lincoln justified the Emancipation Proclamation as A) the first step in realizing the goals of the Declaration of Independence. B) a noble goal that would stimulate northern morale. C) carrying out God's will. D) a military necessity because it would weaken the enemy.

D) a military necessity because it would weaken the enemy.

President Lincoln viewed secession as A) a temporary threat which could be ignored. B) no reason for a civil war. C) part of the right of self-determination. D) a rejection of democracy.

D) a rejection of democracy.

In The Impending Crisis of the South, Hinton R. Helper A) alarmed Southerners when he argued that without the re-opening of the international slave trade, the South would face a severe labor shortage. B) treated John Brown as a saint. C) supported the Crittenden amendment to the Constitution. D) alarmed Southerners when he argued that slavery was ruining the South's economy and social structure

D) alarmed Southerners when he argued that slavery was ruining the South's economy and social structure

During the Great War, the federal government asked citizens to A) continue vigorous consumer spending B) invest in the stock market C) increase domestic food consumption D) buy "Victory" and "Liberty" bonds

D) buy "Victory" and "Liberty" bonds.

The "Young America" movement argued that A) revolutions in other countries were dangerous. B) democracy was unique to America and could not be exported. C) England was the cause of all American problems. D) democracy would triumph everywhere.

D) democracy would triumph everywhere.

Between the election of 1860 and his inauguration, Abraham Lincoln A) contacted Jefferson Davis several times. B) worked very closely with President Buchanan. C) made serious attempts to reassure the South. D) did not show much leadership.

D) did not show much leadership.

Woodrow Wilson's 1912 platform included A) political centralization. B) close economic integration. C) strict regulation and control of corporations. D) restoration of competition.

D) restoration of competition.

Many in the middle class were attracted to progressive reforms because they A) sought to join conservative business forces in their triumph over working-class socialism. B) feared that their sense of personal importance and ambitions were undermined by aggressive labor unions. C) could make a pragmatic alliance with the "new" urban immigrants who were the backbone of new militant labor unions. D) felt their ambitions and sense of importance were undermined by the new giant corporations.

D) felt their ambitions and sense of importance were undermined by the new giant corporations.

The most vexing problem the Confederacy had during the Civil War was A) food production. B) ammunition. C) manpower. D) finance.

D) finance.

As a wartime leader, Wilson was A) too idealistic and unrealistic B) lucky that America was so well prepared for war C) uncompromising and blundering D) forceful and inspiring

D) forceful and inspiring.

President Andrew Johnson was A) impeached by the House and convicted by a two-thirds majority of the Senate. B) neither impeached by the House nor convicted by the Senate. C) impeached by the Senate, but not convicted by a two-thirds majority of the House. D) impeached by the House, but not convicted by a two-thirds majority of the Senate.

D) impeached by the House, but not convicted by a two-thirds majority of the Senate.

A major cause of the disorder in Kansas was the A) continued resistance of Native Americans to white exploitation and expansion. B) immigration of numerous free blacks. C) meddling by Congress in local affairs. D) interference from outsiders from both the North and the South on the slavery issue.

D) interference from outsider from both north and south on slavery issue

Taft's major liability as president was his A) sweeping use of executive power. B) total reversal of Roosevelt's major policies. C) impetuous, aggressive, and spiteful personality. D) lack of physical and mental stamina.

D) lack of physical and mental stamina.

When America refused to withdraw its armed forces, the Filipinos A) demanded to be included in the treaty negotiations. B) appealed to the Spanish for military aid. C) sent a special delegation to tour America and appeal directly to the people. D) launched a guerilla war against the American forces.

D) launched a guerilla war against the American forces.

14. The government's administration of Indian affairs was notable over the years for its A) dedicated public servants. B) careful long-range planning. C) pursuit of Native American rights. D) level of corruption.

D) level of corruption.

The most significant result of the Senate's failure to ratify the Versailles Treaty was the A) creation of a powerful campaign issue for the Democrats B) decision by Wilson to seek re-election C) rejection of effective world government D) loss of the possibility of world peace

D) loss of the possibility of world peace

The primary result of the 1906 Hepburn Act was to A) prohibit child labor in goods sold in interstate commerce. B) make the Federal Food and Drug Administration more powerful and active. C) preserve millions of wilderness acres in the West. D) make the Interstate Commerce Commission more powerful and active.

D) make the Interstate Commerce Commission more powerful and active.

During the Civil War, black soldiers were A) fully integrated into the Union army. B) less than one percent of the Union forces by the war's end. C) fully integrated into the Confederate army. D) more than ten percent of the Union forces by the war's end

D) more than ten percent of the Union forces by the war's end

Alfred Thayer Mahan argued in the 1890s that national security and prosperity rested on a powerful A) economy. B) Congress. C) president. D) navy.

D) navy.

Harriet Beecher Stowe was A) well known in literary circles prior to the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin. B) a strident abolitionist. C) a fugitive slave who wrote about the horrors of the Fugitive Slave Act. D) not a professional writer but had been roused by the Fugitive Slave Act.

D) not a professional writer but had been roused by the Fugitive Slave Act

Around the same time McKinley was sending a war message to Congress, the Spanish A) ordered troops to sink the Maine, and the Cubans begged the Spanish and the Americans to end hostilities. B) and the Cubans called for a ceasefire and sent a message to Congress in hopes of adverting an all out war. C) and the Cuban nationalists were negotiating a surrender. D) ordered troops to end the fighting, but the Cubans began insisting on complete independence.

D) ordered troops to end the fighting, but the Cubans began insisting on complete independence.

Stephen Douglas staunchly believed that the slavery question in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska should be resolved by A) protecting slavery. B) the Supreme Court. C) banning slavery. D) popular sovereignty

D) popular sovereignty

Stephen Douglas staunchly believed that the slavery question in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska should be resolved by A) protecting slavery. B) the Supreme Court. C) banning slavery. D) popular sovereignty.

D) popular sovereignty.

Robert La Follette was particularly associated with A) muckraking journalism and character assassination of leading businessmen. B) municipal socialism and labor organizing. C) prohibitions on selling alcohol and tobacco. D) promotion of specialized technical knowledge and legislative reference services to promote progressive reform.

D) promotion of specialized technical knowledge and legislative reference services to promote progressive reform.

Before the Spanish-American War, both Hearst's New York Journal and Pulitzer's New York World tried to increase circulation by A) denouncing McKinley's imperialism. B) publishing tales of Cuban atrocities. C) decrying British interference in the Caribbean. D) publishing tales of Spanish atrocities.

D) publishing tales of Spanish atrocities.

Stephen A. Douglas believed that Congress should be concerned primarily about A) maintaining a balanced federal budget. B) prohibiting slavery in the territories. C) establishing a plan for gradual, compensated emancipation of slaves. D) rapidly exploiting the continent.

D) rapidly exploiting the continent

The results of the presidential election of 1920 reflected most Americans' A) support of the League of Nations B) dislike of the Lodge Reservations C) continuing faith in Woodrow Wilson D) rejection of reform and idealism

D) rejection of reform and idealism

The American foreign policy of trying to penetrate underdeveloped areas economically without the problem of governing them was A) successful because it supported broad-based economic development. B) foolish because it did not maximize the profits of American companies overseas. C) far-sighted in its sensitivity to different social and cultural patterns. D) self-defeating because it was not supported by local people.

D) self-defeating because it was not supported by local people.

Buchanan's reaction to the Lecompton constitution was to A) support it because it provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves in Kansas. B) support it as a perfect example of popular sovereignty. C) refuse to submit it to Congress because it permitted slavery. D) support it despite the fraud perpetrated by the proslavery faction.

D) support it despite the fraud perpetrated by the proslavery faction.

The basic intellectual and psychological weaknesses of General George McClellan were clearly displayed during A) the Wilderness campaign. B) the Vicksburg campaign. C) Gettysburg. D) the Peninsular campaign.

D) the Peninsular campaign.

On what did the South mainly rely to finance the war? A) money from cotton exports B) money in reserves C) tariffs D) the printing of paper currency

D) the printing of paper currency

Russian immigrant and political activist Emma Goldman A) strongly opposed birth control. B) lived and died in almost total obscurity. C) was careful to avoid arrest for her activities. D) was in many ways a typical American immigrant.

D) was in many ways a typical American immigrant.

On the national level, the Progressive Era saw the completion of the struggle for A) unemployment insurance. B) black voting rights. C) old age and survivor's insurance. D) woman suffrage.

D) woman suffrage.

In discussing the debate about whether Thomas Jefferson fathered a child with his slave, Sally Hemmings, your text notes that A) DNA evidence supports the contention that Thomas Jefferson was most likely the father of at least one of Sally Hemmings's children. B) most historians agree with Jefferson's biographer Dumas Malone that these accusations have no foundation. C) Jefferson's significance as a statesman would be greatly diminished if this accusation were proven to be true. D) DNA evidence disproves the contention that Thomas Jefferson was the father of at least one of Sally Hemmings's children.

DNA evidence supports the contention that thomas jefferson was most likely the father of at least one of sally hemmings children

) In response to the espousal of the states' rights doctrine on the Senate floor by South Carolinian Robert Hayne, which of the following argued that the Constitution was a compact of the people and that the Union was indissoluble? A) John C. Calhoun B) John Tyler C) Thomas Jefferson D) Daniel Webster

Daniel Webster

Under the ___________, Indians who accepted land allotments , lived "separate from any tribe," and "adopted the habits of civilized life" were allowed to become U.S. citizens. A) Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson B) Treaty of Fort Laramie C) Dawes Severalty Act D) "concentration" policy

Dawes Severalty Act.

The mayor of New York City who organized information and political influence to convince the state legislature to construct the Erie Canal was A) DeWitt Clinton. B) Thurlow Weed. C) Robert Morris. D) Martin Van Buren.

DeWitt Clinton

Tecumseh's brother, Tenskwatawa (or "The Prophet") A) called upon Native Americans to farm and copy the ways of whites. B) was a spy for General William Henry Harrison. C) declared Native Americans should reject white ways, clothes, and liquor. D) was paid by the French to disrupt American settlement of the Ohio River Valley.

Declared Native Americans should reject white ways, clothes, and liquor

The ability of the Plains Indians to resist white expansion was severely damaged by the A) introduction of the horse. B) destruction of the buffalo. C) blizzard of 1873. D) whites' superior military training.

Destruction of buffalo.

The text notes that during and after the Revolution, slavey?

Died where it was not economically important

Which of the following happened in the election of 1860? A) Lincoln campaigned actively, stressing his opposition to slavery in the territories. B) Southern Democrats swallowed their personal dislike of Douglas and supported him as the last chance to save the Union. C) John Bell demanded that the future extension of slavery be guaranteed. D) Douglas realized he would lose, rose above ambition, and appealed to voters, both North and South, to stand by the Union.

Douglas realized he would lose, rose above ambition, and appealed to voters, both North and South, to stand by the Union.

"As an organ of communication between the Hudson, the Mississippi, the St. Lawrence, the great lakes of the north and west, and their tributary rivers, [the canal] will create the greatest inland trade ever witnessed. The most fertile and extensive regions of America will avail themselves of its facilities for a market." This was a defense of the A) Erie Canal. B) National Canal. C) Wabash Canal. D) Delaware and Hudson Canal.

Eerie Canal

The inventor of a cotton gin, which removed seeds from upland cotton, was A) Nathanael Greene. B) Samuel Slater. C) Eli Whitney. D) Francis Cabot Lowell

Eli Whitney

Under ________, exports were totally prohibited and only foreign vessels were allowed to import goods to America. A) the Non-Intercourse Act B) the Embargo Act C) Macon's Bill Number Two D) the Berlin and Milan Decrees

Embargo Act

In comparison to its human resources, the natural resources of the nation in the late nineteenth century were A) even more ruthlessly and thoughtlessly exploited. B) far better preserved by a growing conservation movement. C) treated with exactly the same indifference and lack of foresight. D) even better nurtured and developed.

Even more ruthlessly and thoughtlessly exploited.

In the early 1790s General Anthony Wayne's decisive defeat of the Native Americans in Ohio in the Battle of ________ opened that territory to settlement. A) Tippecanoe B) Murfreesboro C) Fallen Timbers D) Cowpens

Fallen timbers

A major british advantage in 1776 was their?

Far large population than the colonies

Federal Reserve Act

Federal Government controls the U.S. banking system.

Examining the debate over ratifying the Constitution, the text concludes that the A) Federalists generally were favored free choice over power and tended to resent those who sought and held power. B) Anti-Federalists were opposed to the Constitution for primarily economic reasons. C) Federalists used their superior political organization and persuasive abilities to great advantage. D) Anti-Federalists generally agreed on the need for a more energetic national government.

Federalists used their superior political organization and persuasive abilities to great advantage

In May 1775 shortly after it convened, the Second Continental Congress?

Formed the Continental Army under the leadership of George Washington

The United State's most valuable ally in the Revolution was?

France

The merchant who headed the Boston Associates, owner of the innovative Waltham mills, was A) Francis Cabot Lowell. B) Paul Moody. C) Samuel Slater. D) James Hargreaves.

Francis Cabot Lowell

During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas argued that territories could circumvent the Dred Scott decision by not enacting the laws necessary for slavery. This was called the A) Ostend Manifesto. B) Peoria Doctrine. C) Freeport Doctrine. D) Dred Scott Proviso

Freeport Doctrine

The British defeat at Yorktown resulted largely from the?

French fleet winning control of Chesapeake Bay and preventing Cornwallis from escaping from the peninsula by sea

"Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence, the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake." This warning came from A) George Washington's "Farewell Address." B) Alexander Hamilton's Report on Manufactures. C) John Taylor of Caroline's An Inquiry Into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States. D) John Adams's A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America.

George washington farewell address

Manifest destiny might best be described as the belief that Americans were A) God's chosen people. B) a melting pot of immigrants. C) obligated to educate the Native Americans. D) destined to abolish slavery

God's chosen people

Under Jay's Treaty, ________ agreed to abandon its military posts in the American Northwest. A) France B) Holland C) Spain D) Great Britain

Great Britain

According to the map "Canals and Roads, 1820-1850," most American canals connected directly with the A) Great Lakes. B) St. Lawrence River. C) Mississippi River. D) Atlantic Ocean.

Great Lakes

The only transcontinental railroad built without land grants was the

Great Northern.

General George A. Custer's greatest mistake at Little Bighorn was that he A) did not provide his men with sufficient ammunition. B) grossly underestimated the number of Indians. C) delayed the attack until nightfall. D) refused to rest his horses before the attack.

Grossly underestimated the number of Indians.

A successful and bloody slave revolt led to the creation in 1804 of the black republic of A) Grenada. B) Cuba. C) Haiti. D) Guadeloupe.

Haiti

In Aaron Burr's trial for treason, A) Burr readily admitted his guilt. B) Hamilton antagonized Burr so much that they fought a duel in which Hamilton was killed. C) neither President Jefferson nor Chief Justice Marshall acted impartially. D) Chief Justice Marshall displayed great impartiality in

Hamilton antagonized Burr so much that they fought a duel in which hamilton was killed

The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr resulted from A) Hamilton's campaigning against Burr when he ran for governor of New York and then continuing to cast aspersions on Burr's character. B) Burr's opposition to Hamilton's financial program. C) Burr's refusal to withdraw from the election of 1800, which forced Hamilton to support Jefferson against his better judgment. D) Burr's accusations that Hamilton had an affair with his wife.

Hamiltons campaigning against Burr when he ran for governor of new york and then continuing to cast aspersions on burrs character

Louis Brandeis

He was a lawyer, gave evidence to the Supreme Court; less working hours.

W.E.B. Dubois

He was a leading advocate for Civil Rights during the Progressive period.

Robert La Follette

He was the Governor of Wisconsin. Wisconsin was a leading progressive state. He wanted to use technology to help poor urban people.

How successful was Jefferson as president by 1805? A) He seemed to have led his fellow Americans into a golden age. B) He was very successful in all areas except domestic policy. C) He had one of the most disastrous first terms ever completed by a president who was re-elected. D) He was very successful in all areas except foreign policy.

He was very successful in all areas except foreign policy

The senator who pushed for renewal of the Bank of the United States charter in 1832 to provide himself a campaign issue against Jackson was A) Henry Clay. B) John C. Calhoun. C) Martin Van Buren. D) John Eaton

Henry Clay

***In January 1776, the British pushed the colonists toward independence by hiring ____ mercenaries?

Hessian

In January 1776, the British pushed the colonists toward independence by hiring ____ mercenaries?

Hessian

1) The winner of the presidential election of 1800 was chosen by the A) Senate. B) Electoral College. C) Supreme Court. D) House of Representatives.

House of Representatives

The first federal land grant to a railroad was allotted in 1850 to the

Illinois Central

Franklin Pierce

In an attempt to prevent the war, he had a balanced cabinet

One of the reasons that a relative handful of Indians could hold off the battle-hardened Civil War veterans of the U.S. Army was because A) Indians had a highly effective centralized leadership. B) U.S. Army had fewer than 2,000 soldiers to cover over ten million square miles. C) Indian leaders were skillful at organizing campaigns. D) Indians were superb guerilla warriors—the best cavalry soldiers in the world

Indians were superb guerrilla warriors- the best cavalry soldiers in the world.

In the 1830s and 1840s, most of the thousands of poor and wretched immigrants who flooded into America came from A) Italy and Greece. B) Poland and Russia. C) Ireland and Germany. D) China and Japan.

Ireland and Germany

In Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall cleverly established the power of the Supreme Court to A) issue writs ordering governmental officials to perform certain duties. B) invalidate federal laws held to be in conflict with the Constitution. C) remove governmental officials who refused to perform their duties. D) award damages to governmental officials deprived of their jobs.

Invalidate federal laws held to be in conflict with the constitution

Ballinger - Pinchot Affair

It caused a rift between Roosevelt and Taft.

In the election of 1800, A) Jefferson's vice-presidential running mate was George Clinton. B) Jefferson was finally chosen president by the House of Representatives. C) Adams and Jefferson received the same number of electoral votes. D) Jefferson was finally chosen president by the Senate.

Jefferson was finally chosen president by the House of Representatives

" We hold these truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." The above statement was part of?

Jefferson's general statement of the right of revolution

"If it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of...millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done." This statement was made by whom? A) Hinton Rowan Helper B) Abraham Lincoln C) John Brown D) Stephen A. Douglas

John Brown

In May 1856, ________ slaughtered five unarmed, proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek in "bleeding Kansas."

John Brown

The author of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest who, drawing on the works of John Locke, stated that it was within the authority of a state to nullify a law within its boundaries if a state convention found an act of Congress unconstitutional was A) Henry Clay. B) John C. Calhoun. C) Andrew Jackson. D) William H. Crawford.

John C Calhoun

The southern political thinker who most prominently justified southern resistance to the Tariff of 1828 was A) John Tyler. B) John C. Calhoun. C) Andrew Jackson. D) Henry Clay.

John C Calhoun

The Federalist Chief Justice who established the power of the Supreme Court to invalidate federal laws in Marbury v. Madison (1803) was A) John Marshall. B) Oliver Ellsworth. C) Samuel Chase. D) William Hubard.

John Marshall

The staunch states' rights advocate who became president when William Henry Harrison died was A) Martin Van Buren. B) James K. Polk. C) Zachary Taylor. D) John Tyler

John Tyler

The future director of the United States Geological Service, ___________, advocated a system for dealing with the semiarid condition of western lands. A) John Wesley Powell B) Othniel C. Marsh C) Mark Hopkins D) Thomas Fitzpatrick

John Wesley Powell

The best-known political leader of the North in the early 1820s, who served brilliantly as Monroe's secretary of state, was A) Daniel Webster. B) James Madison. C) Alexander J. Dallas. D) John Quincy Adams.

John quincy adams

The president chosen in 1824 by the House of Representatives when no candidate received a majority of votes in the Electoral College was A) James Monroe. B) Andrew Jackson. C) John Quincy Adams. D) James Madison.

John quincy adams

Barbed wire was invented by A) Joseph F. Glidden. B) Walter Prescott Webb. C) Joseph G. McCoy. D) S. D. Butcher

Joseph F. Glidden

The purpose of the ________ was to maintain Federalist control of the judicial branch against Jeffersonianism. A) Governmental Reorganization Act of 1799 B) Judiciary Act of 1801 C) Judicial Review Act of 1805 D) Federal Judiciary Act of 1789

Judiciary act of 1801

As a general, George Washington?

Lacked genius but was a remarakable organizer and administrator

The first modern road in the United States was built in the 1790s to connect Philadelphia and A) Boston, Massachusetts. B) Richmond, Virginia. C) Baltimore, Maryland. D) Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania

The law which divided the western territories into a 6-mile square townships was the ?

Land Ordinance of 1787

Stephen Douglas

Last hope we had of preventing the war

The union of American states under the Articles of Confederation was a?

League of friendship, in which the states were sovereign and the national government had only weal delegated powers

In the new state government created during the Revolution, power was concentrated in the?

Legislatures

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln said it was necessary to win the war and it freed no one

When the states of the lower South seceded, A) Buchanan declared secession illegal and boldly rallied the Unionists in the South to prevent it. B) Lincoln thought secession a bluff and announced no plans to deal with it before assuming office. C) Congress passed, and Buchanan signed, the Crittenden Compromise, guaranteeing the future security of slavery. D) Lincoln indicated his willingness to compromise on extending slavery in the territories.

Lincoln thought secession a bluff and announced no plans to deal with it before assuming office

William Seward

Lincoln's secretary of state , he thought he could dominate Lincoln

The effect of the Berlin and Milan decrees by France and the Orders in Council by Great Britain was to A) encourage trade with Great Britain and discourage trade with France. B) stop all American trade with both countries. C) promote American trade with both countries. D) make trade more difficult for neutral nations.

Make trade more difficult for neutral nations

What happened to social reform when many states wrote constitutions during the Revolution?

Many states seized the occasion to introduce important political and social reforms

The gregarious New York politician who never took a political position if he could avoid doing so and who led a political machine known as the Albany Regency was A) De Witt Clinton. B) Martin Van Buren. C) Thomas Hart Benton. D) William Harris Crawford.

Martin van buren

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the National Bank of the United States and also strengthened the implied powers of Congress and aided economic growth when it decided the case of A) Gibbons v. Ogden. B) McCulloch v. Maryland. C) Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge. D) Dartmouth College v. Woodward.

McCulloch v Maryland

In his first inaugural address, Jefferson stressed his desire to A) seek revenge on the Federalists for the Alien and Sedition Acts. B) minimize the differences between Federalists and Republicans. C) increase government spending to provide better services for citizens. D) negotiate a mutual defense alliance with Great Britain.

Minimize the differences between federalists and republicans

The natural highway for western commerce and communication in the early nineteenth century was the ________ River. A) Missouri B) Ohio C) Mississippi D) Tennessee

Mississippi

One of the purposes of Lewis and Clark's expedition was to learn if the ________ River connected with a water route to the Pacific. A) Missouri B) Colorado C) Mississippi D) Columbia

Missouri

The state admitted to the Union on the condition that, in the future, slavery was prohibited in the area of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36° 30' line was A) Kansas. B) Ohio. C) Kentucky. D) Missouri.

Missouri

Herman Melville's book which your text calls "one of the finest novels written by an American" is A) Typee. B) The House of the Seven Gables. C) Leaves of Grass. D) Moby Dick.

Moby Dick

According to "Mapping the Past," the map "Ratification of the Federal Constitution 1787-1790" neither totally confirms nor totally refutes the view that those who favored the Constitution tended to live in A) more prosperous coastal regions. B) less settled areas. C) backwoods regions. D) less prosperous areas.

More prosperous coastal regions

The leader who abandoned his plans for an empire in the New World and sold Louisiana to the United States was A) Louis XVI. B) Juan Carlos I. C) George III. D) Napoleon.

Napolean

_____________ was a former slave who became famous as the cowboy nicknamed "Deadwood Dick" A) Jim Beckwourth B) Nat Love C) Emanuel Stance D) Blanche K. Bruce

Nat Love

During the ratification of the Constitution, the bitter disputes in ________ led to the writing of the Federalist Papers. A) Maryland B) Virginia C) Massachusetts D) New York

New York

Battles in and around ____ In August and September of 1776 were ignominious defeats for Washington's forces and seemed to presage an easy British triumph in the war?

New York City

Although Macon's Bill No. 2 temporarily removed all restrictions on trade, A) non-intercourse would be reapplied to either major power if the other ceased violating American neutral rights. B) Americans did not take advantage of the chance to trade with Great Britain. C) Americans preferred to trade with other neutral nations. D) the Embargo Act would be reapplied in December 1810 if war in Europe continued

Non intercourse would be reapplied to either major power if the other ceased violation american neutral rights

According to the map, " The United States under the Articles of Confederation, 1787" one state which claimed that its western boundary extended to the Mississippi River?

North Carolina

George Washington's greatest strength as a national hero was his?

Personal sacrifices and his obvious disinclination toward becoming a dictator

U.S. expansionism before and after the civil war

North: (The Union included the states of Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, California, Nevada, and Oregon. Abraham Lincoln was their President.) opposed slavery based on industry and trade big cities industries and factories main transportation: railroad and steam engines South: (The Confederacy Established. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery, Alabama.) approved slavery economy based on agriculture small towns plantations and small farms main transportation: steam boats Both: (The border states of Maryland (November 1864), Missouri (January 1865), one of the Confederate states, Tennessee (January 1865), and the new state of West Virginia (February 1865), abolished slavery just prior to the end of the Civil War (May 1865)). transported goods by river treated slaves poorly part of the u.s.

The immediate effect of the American Revolution upon slavery was that?

Northern states moved toward emancipation of their slaves, and most southerns states restricted the importation of slaves

The measure which established governments for the western territories was the?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

South Carolina's challenge to the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 is called the A) Cotton Controversy. B) Tariff War. C) Abomination Crisis. D) Nullification Crisis.

Nullification Crisis

One of the "fundamental tenets of Jacksonian Democracy" was that A) educated and virtuous people should be elected to office. B) long-term stability for government employees improved government services. C) expert knowledge was the key to a democratic government. D) ordinary Americans could do anything.

Ordinary Americans could do anything

Which of the following was fearful of the Constitution believing that it "squints toward monarchy"? A) John Jay B) Gouverneur Morris C) Patrick Henry D) Samuel Adams

Patrick Henry

During the Revolutionary War, the new constitution of ____ replaced the office of governor with an elected council of twelve members

Pennsylvania

Jackson's view of the presidency differed from his predecessor's primarily in his belief that the A) scope of federal authority should be expanded at the states' expense. B) president was the direct representative of all the people and the embodiment of national power. C) federal government should engage in a vigorous program of internal improvements. D) advice of experts was crucial to sound presidential decisions.

President was the direct representative of all the people and the embodiment of national power

When analyzing the relationship between the American Revolution and nationalism, your text concludes that a feeling of American nationalism?

Provoked the movement toward American independence

The American negotiators at the Paris Peace Conference violated their instructions from congress by?

Refusing to rely on the Comte de Vergennes and negotiating a seperate treaty with Great Britain

The most significant change in the New Government was the?

Removal of outside control, making them more responsive to public opinion

The model for many of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was the A) British Parliament. B) French Estates General. C) Athenian democracy. D) Roman republic.

Roman Republic

The measure in which Great Britain and the United States agreed to set a limit on the number of armed vessels on the Great Lakes was the A) Rush-Bagot Agreement. B) Transcontinental Treaty. C) St. Lawrence Accord. D) Monroe Doctrine

Rush bagot agreement

The leader of the Texas independence movement and first president of the Republic of Texas was A) Stephen F. Austin. B) William B. Travis. C) Davy Crockett. D) Sam Houston.

Sam Houston

The first American factory was developed by A) Samuel Slater to spin cotton thread. B) Francis Lowell to weave woolen cloth. C) Robert Fulton to build steamboats. D) Eli Whitney to manufacture cotton gins.

Samuel Slater to spin cotton thread

1. Although the image of the nineteenth century West is of thinly populated, wide-open spaces, by the late 1870s ________ already had almost 250,000 inhabitants. A) Las Vegas B) Sante Fe C) Tucson D) San Francisco

San Francisco

One of the worst massacres committed by white troops in the Indian Wars occurred in 1864 at A) Horse Creek. B) Fort Phil Kearny. C) Sand Creek. D) Medicine Lodge.

Sand Creek.

*** The major British defeat of 1777 at ____ was caused mostly by the extremely poor coordination of the campaign?

Saratoga

The major British defeat of 1777 at ____ was caused mostly by the extremely poor coordination of the campaign?

Saratoga

The purpose of the British army's march on Concord,Massachusetts, In April 1775 was to?

Seize the war supplies stored there

In 1786 Massachusetts debtor farmers rebelled against the state government and were defeated in battle. This was ________ Rebellion. A) Bacon's B) Leisler's C) Paxton's D) Shays's

Shays

In 1778 fighting in the northern states pratically ceased; thereafter, most of the engagements were in the?

South

"The laws of the United States must be executed. I have no discretionary power on the subject...Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution deceived you...Disunion by armed force is treason. Are you really ready to incur its guilt?" This was the response of Andrew Jackson to the actions of A) South Carolina. B) New York. C) Mississippi. D) Georgia.

South Carolina

By far the most important indirect effect of industrialization occurred when the A) federal government constructed an efficient system of canals. B) South began to produce cotton to supply the new textile mills of New England and Great Britain. C) North was forced to locate new sources of liquid capital to fund the growing textile industry. D) federal government built a series of national roads.

South began to produce cotton to suppl the new textile mills of New England and Great Britain

American inventor Robert Fulton perfected the first commercially successful A) power loom. B) spinning jenny. C) steamboat. D) cotton gin.

Steamboat

The greatest naval hero of Jefferson's undeclared war with the Barbary pirates of Tripoli was A) Edward Preble. B) Oliver Hazard Perry. C) William Henry Harrison. D) Stephen Decatur.

Stephan decatur

"It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question...the people have the lawful means to introduce or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist...unless it is supported by local police regulations." This statement is from A) James Buchanan's "Ostend Manifesto." B) Charles Sumner's "The Crime Against Kansas." C) Stephen Douglas's "Freeport Doctrine." D) Roger B. Taney's reasoning in Dred Scott v. Sanford.

Stephen Douglas's "Freeport Doctrine."

On the eve of the Civil War, the American Indians in the West A) were no longer dependent on the buffalo. B) had almost no contact with American and European culture. C) still occupied about 50 percent of the United States. D) were still reluctant to adopt any white technology.

Still occupied about 50 percent of the United States.

After the Battle of Bunker Hill, Congress and the bulk of the American people were?

Still reluctant to declare independence

Plessy v Ferguson

Supreme Court ruled separate but equal is legal

Dred Scott Decision

Supreme Court ruled that slavery was Protected by the Constitution and African Americans could not sue

Which of the following was NOT a way in which the American government financed the Revolutionary War?

Taxing American citizens directly

The Shawnee chief who tried to bind all of the tribes east of the Mississippi into a great confederation in the early 1800s was A) Little Turtle. B) Chief Joseph. C) Osceola. D) Tecumseh.

Tecumseh

The battle of Trenton and Princeton in December 1776 were important because?

The American's army's morale was boosted after a series of defeats

In the early 1800s, American settlers blamed frontier warfare on a scheme by A) General Harrison. B) the French. C) the Federalists. D) the British.

The british

How did the Revolution affect attitudes toward the education of women?

The idea of female education began to be accepted as important in a republic

The best estimate of the proportion of Patriots and Tories during the war for independence is that?

The population was about evenly divided between the two groups

The future American president involved in open-range ranching was A) Rutherford B. Hayes. B) Theodore Roosevelt. C) William H. Taft. D) William McKinley.

Theodore Roosevelt

Which of the following is true of the frontier farmers of the 1870's and 1880's?

They farmed the land with the little knowledge or concern for preventing erosion or preserving fertility.

How did the historian react to depiction of the Revolution in The Patriot?

They were critical of many aspects of the film, especially the totally fictionalized British incineration of an occupied church

***" We have it in our power to begin the world again. A government of our own is our national right. O! ye that love mankind! Ye that dare oppose not only tyrant, stand forth." This statement is typical of the ideas of?

Thomas Paine

***The author of the tract, Common Sense, which boldly called for complete independence and attacked not only King George III, but also the idea of monarchy itself, was?

Thomas Paine

The author of the tract, Common Sense, which boldly called for complete independence and attacked not only King George III, but also the idea of monarchy itself, was?

Thomas Paine

The British Commander who sent his troops to capture Patriot supplies in Concord in April 1775 was General?

Thomas Gage

"Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans-we are all Federalists." This was written by A) John Adams. B) Alexander Hamilton. C) Thomas Jefferson. D) George Washington.

Thomas Jefferson

The politician who sought to preserve America as a nation of minimal government and small, independent farmers was A) John Adams. B) Alexander Hamilton. C) Thomas Jefferson. D) Henry Clay.

Thomas Jefferson

Congress will "take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible to any definition" if the "necessary and proper clause" is not literally interpreted. This was the sentiment of A) Alexander Hamilton, favoring the Bill of Rights. B) Thomas Jefferson, opposing the National Bank. C) Alexander Hamilton, favoring the National Bank. D) Thomas Jefferson, opposing the Bill of Rights.

Thomas Jefferson opposing the national bank

" Our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions, any more than our opinions in physics or geometry. Truth is great and will prevail it left to herself ". The author and state of this 1786 statue was?

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia

" We have it in our power to begin the world again. A government of our own is our national right. O! ye that love mankind! Ye that dare oppose not only tyrant, stand forth." This statement is typical of the ideas of?

Thomas Paine

The Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 A) gave the United States claim to the entire Texas area. B) settled American boundary disputes with Canada. C) established joint occupation of the Oregon country. D) transferred Florida to the United States for $5 million and settled the southern boundary of the Louisiana territory to the Pacific.

Transferred florida to the united states for 5 million and settled the southern boundary of the louisiana territory to the pacific

In which of the following was there a mutual agreement that the signatories would aid each other in the war of the event of war with Great Britain, while also recognizing the United States as a sovereign and independent state?

Treaty of Alliance between France and the United States

Impact of government policies on Native Americans

US government forced Native American tribes to live in certain areas called Indian Reservations -Not the best land In exchange for living on the reservation, tribes were often paid some money called an annuity. -The annuities were usually not very much money -Government did not always pay them on time Native Americans usually had to spend their money buying food and supplies from white American traders Bison ("buffalo") were the main source of food & clothing for Native Americans on the Great Plains US army, railroad companies & white settlers systematically set out to kill all bison Goal of the Dawes Act: to get Native Americans to live like white Americans Reservations were broken up into "allotments" that were given out to individual families. -Families were supposed to farm and build homes on their allotment to support themselves -Land that wasn't given to a family was sold by the US government to white farmers It failed: -Some of the land was unsuitable for farming & ranching -Some refused to adopt a different way of life -Some sold their land to white settlers, but others were upset that their land was given away

During the winter of 1778, Washington's army endured severe shortages of food and clothing while camped at?

Valley Forge

Thomas Jefferson

Vice president for john adams

The movement to seperate church and state during the writing of the new state constitutions was most successful in?

Virginia

Probably the most famous of all the precious metal strikes in the West, the site of the Comstock Lode and the Big Bonanza, was A) Virginia City, Nevada. B) Deadwood, South Dakota. C) Pike's Peak, Colorado. D) Butte, Montana.

Virginia City, Nevada.

"They were healthy in appearance, many of them remarkably so, and had the manners and deportment of young women . . . .The rooms in which they worked were as well ordered as themselves." So said English novelist Charles Dickens upon his encounter with the workers in the mills organized under the ________ System. A) Pennsylvania B) Waltham C) Rhode Island D) Auburn

Waltham

The Boston Associates built textile mills in which young single New England women worked under relatively pleasant conditions. This was called the ________ System. A) Melville B) Concord C) Waltham D) Auburn

Waltham

Thomas Jefferson's general statement of the right of revolution in the Declaration of Independence?

Was intended by jefferson to be an expression of the American mind

Which of the following committed the United States to be "friendly and impartial" in the wars that raged in Europe in the late 1800s? A) Jefferson's Embargo Declaration, 1807 B) the Treaty of Alliance between France and the United States, 1778 C) Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 D) the Treaty between the United States and Prussia, 1785

Washingtons proclamation of neutrality 1793

Robber Barons

Wealthy people who exploited the poor

) In the 1820s, the most prominent southern leader, the highly successful secretary of the treasury under Monroe, was A) John C. Calhoun. B) Henry Clay. C) William Henry Harrison. D) William H. Crawford.

William H crawford

"As an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory." This is from the A) Compromise of 1850. B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty. C) Wilmot Proviso. D) Tallmadge Amendment.

Wilmot-proviso

Partly as a result of the Ghost Dance Movement, the army killed some 150 Teton Sioux at ____________ in________________. A) Wounded Knee, South Dakota B) Sand Creek, Colorado C) Washita, Oklahoma D) Mankato, Minnesota

Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

In addition to the Lewis and Clark expedition, Jefferson dispatched ________ to explore the upper Mississippi Valley and the Colorado region. A) Zebulon Pike B) Thomas Freeman C) Francis Parkman D) Daniel Boone

Zebulon Pike

One consequence of American industrialization in the early nineteenth century was A) an increase in the need for foreign goods and thus in the business of merchants. B) a decline in commercial agriculture and thus in the speed of westward settlement. C) the rapid development of labor unions. D) a decline in the need for foreign goods and thus in the business of merchants.

a decline in the need for foreign goods and thus in the business of merchants

The greatest advantage which early canals offered was A) a direct link between western areas and the eastern seaboard. B) the low cost of their construction. C) their use of cheap, efficient steam engines as their means of power. D) a route by which ocean-going vessels could sail into the back country.

a direct link between westeren areas and the eastern seaboard

By 1820, the interstate slave trade in the South was A) totally and effectively outlawed by the states. B) a legal, well-organized, cruel, and shameful business. C) prohibited by the Constitution. D) outlawed by the Missouri Compromise

a legal well organized cruel and shameful business

) Sam Houston famously screamed "Remember the Alamo!" at A) Goliad during a decisive American defeat over the Mexicans. B) Mexico City during diplomatic talks with the Mexicans. C) President Jackson's signing of the annexation of Texas. D) a routing of the Mexican army at the San Jacinto River.

a routing of the mexican army at the san jacinto river

XYZ Affairs

a scandal with France during the presidency of John Adams

The "conquest of the frontier" was A) mythical because Americans were always finding new frontiers. B) by and large invisible to Americans of the day and never really captured the imagination of Americans. C) a way to evade the destructive consequences of national policies by making them seem to be an expression of human progress. D) one of the most brutal examples of imperialism in world history.

a way to evade the destructive consequences of national policies by making them seem to be an expression of human progress.

One advantage which Northern blacks had over Southern blacks was their A) right to vote in local and national elections. B) ability to organize movements to protest their treatment. C) free access to public buildings and facilities. D) right to testify in court against whites.

ability to organize movements and protest their treatment

Jackson's most powerful weapon against the Bank of the United States was the A) power to remove Bank officers. B) ability to withdraw government revenues from the Bank. C) Specie Circular, which required the Bank to redeem its notes in gold. D) loyal backing of prominent National Republicans such as Daniel Webster.

ability to withdraw government revenues from the bank

No reform movement of the early nineteenth century was "more significant" and "more ambiguous" than A) temperance. B) prison reform. C) abolitionism. D) women's rights

abolitionism

In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas set out to make Lincoln look like a(n) A) abolitionist. B) Free Soiler. C) eastern elitist. D) opportunist.

abolitionist

) The "Era of Good Feelings" was noted for the A) absence of organized political parties opposing each other. B) return to the political and economic philosophy of Jefferson. C) exceptionally strong leadership by Monroe as head of his party. D) absence of any divisive political and economic issues.

absence of organized political parties opposing each other

Communism

all means of production are owned by government

Capitalism

all means of production are privately owned

About the removal of tribes, who wrote in Democracy in America about "the frightful sufferings that attend these forced migrations"? A) John C. Calhoun B) Black Hawk C) John Marshall D) Alexis de Tocqueville

alexis de tocqueville

The repressive measures which the Federalists passed primarily to smash their Republican opponents were the A) Judiciary Acts of 1801. B) Militia and Quartering Acts. C) Alien and Sedition Acts. D) Kentucky and Virginia Resolves.

alien and sedition acts

Jefferson Davis

allowed personal feelings to affect judgement

Slavery erupted as a divisive issue after the Mexican War over the question of A) restricting the domestic slave trade. B) continuing slave auctions in Washington, D.C. C) renewing the importation of slaves. D) allowing slavery in the territory conquered from Mexico

allowing slavery in the territory conquered from mexico

One of the major reasons for American entry in the War of 1812 was the A) American belief that the Spanish were inspiring Native American resistance to American expansion. B) French attacks on American shipping. C) American belief that the French were inspiring Native American resistance to American expansion. D) American belief that the British were inspiring Native American resistance to American expansion.

american belief that the british were inspiring native american resistance to american expansion

During the Mexican War, what happened in the Southwest? A) American settlers seized Sonoma and established the Republic of California. B General Stephen Kearny's cavalry expedition from Fort Leavenworth was defeated and captured at the Battle of Santa Fe. C) A virtual civil war broke out between settlers favoring the United States and those supporting Mexico. D) The Mexican army easily defeated the initial efforts of a ragtag army of American settlers to create an independent California.

american settlelrs seized sonoma and established the republic of california

The problem of impressment was compounded by A) British captains insisting on thorough and lengthy investigations into which sailors were actually British citizens. B) America's loose immigration laws. C) Jefferson's refusal to allow the British to impress sailors on American ships who were British citizens. D) the fact that American trade in war materials made shipping vulnerable to British searches.

americas loose immigration laws

One result of the gold and silver rushes of the late nineteenth century was A) inflation because of the coining of the new metals. B) retarded political development in the West. C) a dramatic decline in the value of the dollar in the world market. D) an improved financial position for America in world trade.

an improved financial position for America in world trade.

According to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves, a law of Congress could be declared unconstitutional by A) the president. B) constitutional conventions in two-thirds of the states. C) one-third of the states acting in common. D) an individual state.

an individual state

Of the second Bank of the United States, who believed that it was making "the rich richer and the potent more powerful"? A) Nicholas Biddle B) Daniel Webster C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson

andrew jackson

Of whom was he speaking when Alexis de Tocqueville said, "Far from wishing to extend Federal power, [he] belongs to the party that wishes to limit that power."? A) Thomas Jefferson B) John C. Calhoun C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson

andrew jackson

Mexico's main grievance against the United States was based upon the A) large debts the United States owed Mexico. B) invasion of California by Fremont. C) intrigues of John Slidell. D) annexation of Texas.

annexation of texas

14th Amendment

anyone born in the united states is a citizen . All citizens have equal rights

As president, Thomas Jefferson A) appointed only Republicans to his Cabinet. B) followed Washington's example of dignified pomp and ceremony. C) escalated conflicts between himself and his opponents. D) followed Washington's example of a non-partisan, balanced Cabinet.

appointed only republicans to his cabinet

According to the maps accompanying the comparison between the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, the __________ had the largest area of any free territory in 1850. A) Unorganized Territory B) Oregon Territory C) Utah Territory D) area freed by Missouri Compromise

area freed by missouri compromise

The United States treated each tribe A) as a part of a consolidated whole. B) in accordance with the state laws of the territory that they claimed. C) as one sovereign nation. D) as a separate sovereign nation.

as a separate sovereign nation.

Thomas Jefferson was politically A) non-partisan. B) inept. C) astute. D) antagonistic.

astute

The episode which immediately prompted the Embargo Act was the A) naval conflict between the Constitution and the Guerriere. B) French blockade of major American ports. C) British refusal to pay American tariffs. D) attack on the Chesapeake by the Leopard.

attack on the chesapeake by the leopard

After Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793, France A) and England each respected American shipping with the other. B) threatened to declare war unless America honored her treaty obligations. C) attacked American shipping, as did England, despite American neutrality. D) respected America's freedom to trade, but England attacked all American shipping.

attacked american shipping, as did england despite american neutrality

Upon sensing the expansionist sentiment of voters in the election of 1844, Henry Clay A) stuck firmly to his opposition to the annexation of Texas. B) backed off his firm opposition to the annexation of Texas. C) won the election because of his unyielding support of manifest destiny. D) pushed through a joint resolution making Texas a state.

backed off his firm opposition to the annexation of texas

Wilmot Proviso

ban slavery in all of the territories-- rejected by Congress

In the election of 1848, supporters of Martin Van Buren who opposed Lewis Cass were nicknamed A) Mugwumps. B) Locofocos. C) Railsplitters. D) Barnburners.

barnburners

Eerie Canal

because of the success many more canals were constructed

Civil War Economy

because of the war the US economy was prepared for the second industrial revolution. Women had a greater role in society

Manifest Destiny

belief that God wanted the united states to stretch from coast to coast

Jackson opposed John Marshall's rulings about the Cherokee Nation in Georgia because he A) was hoping to appease his southern supporters. B) believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the United States. C) was a strong advocate of states' rights. D) hated Native Americans and wanted to destroy them completely.

believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the united states

In the nineteenth century, Congress A) built only one major road, the Old National Road. B) refused to allocate any funds for road building. C) justified its extensive road-building projects as a military necessity. D) did not even discuss the possibility of federal funding for roads.

built only one major road, the Old National Road

The gigantic corporation-controlled farms that were created to take advantage of the newly available acreage in the South and West were known as A) bread-basket farms. B) reservation plots. C) bonanza farms. D) agribusinesses.

bonanza farms.

John Bell and the Constitutional Union party had their greatest support in the 1860 election in the A) western states of Oregon and California. B) southern states of Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama. C) northeastern states of Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire. D) border states of Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee.

border states of Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee.

In the end, Jefferson justified the purchase of Louisiana by A) reminding the country of the dangers presented by foreigners in North America. B) appealing to the "manifest destiny" of the United States to expand westward to the Pacific. C) amending the Constitution specifically to allow the addition of new territories. D) bowing to "the good sense of the country" which seemed to demand the acquisition despite constitutional difficulties.

bowing to the good sense of the country which seemed to demand the acquisition despite constitutional difficulties

California's possible admission as a free state caused such a furor because it A) forced slavery to be barred in all territories. B) repealed the Missouri Compromise. C) rejected the idea of "popular sovereignty." D) broke the balance of power in the Senate between slave and free states.

broke the balance of power in the senate between slave and free states

In the controversy leading to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, England's main goal was to A) acquire the timber. B) control the fishing rights. C) build a military road. D) create a secure Canadian border.

build a military road

Most early "internal improvements" were built A) totally by state and local governments. B) by private businesses, without any financial aid from governments. C) by private businesses, with substantial aid from governments. D) by state governments, with substantial aid from the federal government.

by private businesses, with substantial aid from governments

The president's veto power and the impeachment power of Congress are both examples of A) substantive due process. B) executive privilege. C) procedural due process. D) checks and balances.

checks and balances

The Native American nation forced to move from Georgia as a result of Jackson's policies was the A) Seminole. B) Cherokee. C) Sac. D) Choctaw.

cherokee

Open-range cattle raising was virtually ended by the A) importation of cheap beef from Argentina. B) completion of the transcontinental railroad. C) registration of cattle brands and improvements in scientific breeding. D) combination of the drought of 1886 and the blizzards of 1886-1887.

combination of the drought of 1886 and the blizzards of 1886-1887

The essential question involved in the Missouri Compromise was whether or not Missouri would A) be allowed to import slaves from abroad. B) include present-day Kansas in its boundaries. C) come into the Union as a free or slave state. D) be forced to pay its share of the cost of the Louisiana Purchase.

come into the union as a free or slave state

"War exists." Polk said this to A) the Mexican diplomatic mission. B) General Mariano Paredes, the Mexican head of state. C) Thomas Slidell when authorizing further use of American armed forces. D) Congress when asking for a declaration of war.

congress when asking for a declaration of war

Prior to the "democratizing" of politics during the age of Jackson, presidential candidates were usually chosen by a A) national convention. B) state legislature. C) congressional caucus. D) national electoral commission

congressional caucus

Open-range ranching in the late nineteenth century required A) miles of fences. B) large land holdings. C) control of a stable water supply. D) special permits issued by state legislatures.

control of a stable water supply.

Seneca Falls Movement

convention in upstate new York for women's rights

For a generation after 1815, the most expansive force in the American economy was A) shipbuilding. B) banking. C) international commerce. D) cotton.

cotton

As a result of the cotton gin, A) cotton production soared and the Southern economy boomed. B) Southern production of rice ceased. C) Northern merchants experienced severe economic losses. D) Northern manufacturing was underfunded as investment flowed to the South.

cotton production soared and the southern economy boomed

Spoils System

created by Andrew Jackson gave government jobs to political supporters

The attempt to prohibit slavery from the territory gained by the Mexican War was identified with A) Lewis Cass. B) David Wilmot. C) Henry Clay. D) Zachary Taylor

david wilmot

The attempt to prohibit slavery from the territory gained by the Mexican War was identified with A) Lewis Cass. B) David Wilmot. C) Henry Clay. D) Zachary Taylor.

david wilmot

The cotton boom in the early nineteenth century caused a A) rapid increase in the number of slaves freed by their masters. B) strict enforcement of laws against the interstate slave trade. C) demand for more labor which was met by a renewed growth of slavery. D) steady increase in support for the colonization movement and in the number of former slaves colonized in Africa

demand for more labor which was met by a renewed growth of slavery

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina was A) a smooth political manipulator who avoided taking political positions whenever possible. B) a poorly educated, rough-and-tumble, frontier politician. C) possessed by all of the virtues and most of vices of the puritan, being suspicious both of himself and of others. D) devoted to the South, but known for his broad national view of political affairs.

devoted to the south but known for his broad national view of political affairs

The original Bank of the United States that Hamilton proposed A) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1814. B) did not have its charter renewed when it expired in 1811. C) was strongly supported by southern planters. D) was unable to interest foreign investors in purchasing its stock.

did not have its charter renewed when it expired in 1811

For many Americans, the ultimate justification of manifest destiny and the Mexican War seemed to be the A) prohibition on slavery in the territory gained from Mexico. B) recognition by Europeans that America was also an imperial power. C) discovery of gold in California in 1848. D) guarantee of a transcontinental railroad route through the territory conquered from Mexico.

discovery of gold in california in 1848

By 1820 the American population and geographic area both A) remained constant. B) increased by half. C) doubled. D) tripled.

doubled

The peace treaty of 1783 with England granted the United States all the land A) drained by the St. Lawrence River. B) of the Oregon Territory. C) on the eastern bank of the St. Lawrence River. D) drained by rivers flowing into the Atlantic.

drained by rivers flowing into the atlantic

Dawes Act

each Indian family got 160 acres of land. It helped destroy the culture of the plains Indians

The Great Compromise settled the issue of representation in Congress by allowing A) each state two Senators and a number of Representatives that depended on its population. B) the large states to control the Senate and small states to control the House of Representatives. C) the state legislatures to choose both houses of Congress. D) the voters to elect both houses of Congress.

each state two senators and a number of representatives that depended on its population

One of the few points on which Jefferson agreed with Hamilton was the A) need to commercialize the nation. B) advantages of favoring the British in foreign policy. C) ease with which propertyless city dwellers could be corrupted by demagogues. D) necessity to restrict the power of government as much as possible.

ease with which propertyless city dwellers could be corrupted by demagogues

The California state constitution of 1849 banned slavery for primarily ________ reasons. A) economic B) moral C) religious D) political

economic

Part of the "democratizing" of politics during the age of Jackson was the A) direct election of U.S. senators. B) enfranchisement of women in western states. C) elimination of property qualifications for voting and holding office. D) direct election of the president and vice president.

elimination of property qualifications for voting and holding office

) The Battle of New Orleans in 1815 resulted in the A) negotiation of the Treaty of Ghent on terms favorable to the United States. B) acquisition of the area through the Louisiana Purchase. C) emergence of Andrew Jackson as a military hero. D) writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Francis Scott Key.

emergence of andrew jackson as a military hero

The die-hard Federalists who organized a scheme to break away from the Union and create a "northern confederacy" in 1804 were the A) Federal Constitutionalists. B) Essex Junto. C) Hartford Convention. D) War Hawks.

essex junto

One of the purposes of the Lewis and Clark expedition was to A) build military outposts to serve as trading centers with the Native American tribes. B) bring Protestantism to the Native Americans. C) drive the Spanish out of Oregon. D) establish official relations with Native American tribes.

establish official relations with native american tribes

The most important achievement of the Federalist era was the A) protection of freedom of speech. B) establishment and implementation of the Constitution. C) assertion of American rights aggressively against continuing British domination. D) respect of the rights of immigrants.

establishment and implementation of the Constitution

Lewis and Clark

explored the Louisiana purchase and their main objective was to establish a relation with the native Americans

The Homestead Act of 1862 A) failed to fill the West with 160-acre family farms because most landless Americans were simply too poor to become farmers. B) succeeded admirably in planting 160-acre family farms throughout the West. C) did not immediately lead to a West with 160-acre family farms due to Native American defense of their homelands. D) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Munn v. Illinois.

failed to fill the West with 160-acre family farms because most landless Americans were simply too poor to become farmers.

Republican attempts to impeach Federalist judges resulted in the A) removal of twelve judges, largely on the grounds of political disagreements. B) Supreme Court ruling that judges were not subject to impeachment. C) failure to remove their main target, Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. D) complete failure to remove any of the judges.

failure to remove their main target supreme ourt justice samuel chase

Among the most basic justifications for the secession of the South were the A) traditional states' rights arguments. B) refusals of Lincoln and the Republicans to support constitutional guarantees to protect slavery where it already existed. C) fears of the overpowering Northern economy. D) promises of aid from England and France.

fears of the overpowering Northern economy

Elizabeth Stanton

first female doctor in the united states. Wrote the declaration of independence for women

The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 set the pattern for government land grants by giving the builders of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads A) five square miles of public land on each side of their right-of-way for every mile of track laid. B) a ten-year exemption from state taxes. C) a twenty-year exemption from government regulation. D) the right to import an unlimited supply of Chinese labor.

five square miles of public land on each side of their right-of- way for every mile of track laid.

According to the map "Trails West," the Oregon Trail A) crossed New Mexico Territory before heading north. B) ran along the border between the United States and Canada for much of its route. C) followed a route similar to the Mormon Trail part of the way. D) ran perpendicular to the Old Spanish Trail.

followed a route similiar to the mormon trail part of the way

In 1867, the government tried a new strategy toward the Plains Indians A) negotiating with all tribes to achieve a single unified treaty. B) negotiating with each tribe separately. C) forcing the reservation Native Americans to become farmers like other Americans. D) accepting the Indians' rights to practice their own religions.

forcing the reservation Native Americans to become farmers like other Americans.

The Bill of Rights guaranteed that Congress would not interfere with the right(s) to A) freedom of speech, press, and religion. B) a two party political system. C) own slaves. D) vote for all adult males.

freedom of speech press and religion

Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States A) promised to respect Mexican sovereignty in the future. B) gained Texas and Oklahoma. C) agreed to continue Mexico's prohibition of slavery in the Southwest. D) gained New Mexico and Upper California.

gained new mexico and upper california

) According to the map "Indian Removals," the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole were forcibly removed from A) Georgia, Virginia, Kentucky, Florida, South Carolina, and Alabama. B) Arkansas, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Kentucky. C) Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. D) Louisiana, Georgia, Illinois, Ohio, South Carolina, and Florida.

georgia north carolina tennessee alabama mississippi and florida

Alexander Hamilton's Report on Public Credit presented a plan deliberately intended to A) give a special advantage to the rich and thus win their support. B) penalize speculation in government securities. C) aid veterans of the Revolution in financing land purchases. D) provide help to debtor farmers.

give a special advantage to the rich and thus win their support

James K. Polk might best be described as a A) promoter of high tariffs. B) national bank supporter. C) good Jacksonian. D) foe of expansion.

good jacksonian

War of Attrition

grants strategy to wear down the south

In 1846 the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon territory along the 49th parallel with A) Great Britain. B) Russia. C) France. D) Canada.

great britain

The racial beliefs of most white Americans in the last decades of the eighteenth century were characterized by their A) greater respect for white property rights than for black American's right to personal liberty. B) confidence that slaves were docile children who would never revolt. C) growing desire for the ending of slavery by voluntary manumission. D) continuing faith that slavery was a stagnant and declining institution.

greater respect for white property rights than for black American's right to personal liberty

Immediately after Harrison's inauguration, A) Clay emerged as the power behind the throne, directing the naive and weak-willed Harrison. B) Harrison died, was succeeded by the doctrinaire John Tyler, and the political climate of the country changed dramatically. C) Harrison became a surprisingly strong chief executive, modeling himself on Jackson. D) Harrison died and was succeeded by John Tyler, who was easily manipulated by Webster and Clay.

harrison died, was succeeded by the doctrinaire john tyler, and the political climate of the country changed dramatically

Before John Brown was executed by Virginia for treason, conspiracy, and murder, A) he behaved like a madman. B) the numerous other plots of his followers were uncovered. C) he behaved with such enormous dignity that many Northerners saw him as a martyr. D) his dramatic confessions implicated numerous abolitionists in his attack on Harpers Ferry.

he behaved with such enormous dignity that many Northerners saw him as a martyr.

Andrew Jackson

he believed the president should be more powerful than congress since everyone votes for the president. He moved the Indians to the west because he believed one nation couldn't live within another nation

S Douglas

he helped create popular sovereignty and in the election of 1860 he tried to bring unity to the north end south

President Madison reapplied the non-intercourse policy to Great Britain because A) his cabinet members strongly urged him to do so. B) the French threatened to attack American shipping unless he did so. C) he mistakenly believed that France was no longer seizing American ships. D) he had pledged to do so during his election campaign.

he mistakenly believed that france was no longer seizing american ships

Andrew Johnson

he was impeached by the house and found not guilty by the Senate

How well did Jefferson handle the foreign policy crisis presented by the impressment controversy? A) He was neither well-informed nor hardheaded. B) He displayed his diplomatic mastery; it was one of his finest moments. C) His handling of the foreign policy crisis went quite well at first until his initial success went to his head. D) His initial bumbling attempts were rectified by Secretary of State James Madison.

he was neither well informed nor hardheaded

In 1860, the Democratic party A) held two conventions, but united and nominated Stephen Douglas for president. B) collapsed completely and was unable to nominate any presidential candidate. C) held two conventions and split into a northern and a south D) nominated and elected Abraham Lincoln as president.

held two conventions and split into a northern and a southern faction.

) Daniel Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" A) helped to prevent the formation of a West-South alliance. B) resulted in his impeachment as a senator. C) was a rousing defense of states' rights. D) made him a hero among those in the West.

helped prevent the formation of a west-south alliance

"You have got what is worth more than a thousand Wilmot Provisos...You have nature on your side." This statement is a defense of the Compromise of 1850 by whom? A) Daniel Webster B) Henry Clay C) Millard Fillmore D) Zachary Taylor

henry clay

The outstanding western leader of the 1820s, combining a charismatic personality with great skills at arranging political compromises, was A) John Quincy Adams. B) Martin Van Buren. C) John C. Calhoun. D) Henry Clay.

henry clay

The senator who initially organized the legislative program that became the Compromise of 1850 was A) David Wilmot. B) Daniel Webster. C) Henry Clay. D) John C. Calhoun.

henry clay

"When were the good and the brave ever in a majority?...If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer." The author of these statements was A) Henry David Thoreau. B) Francis Wayland. C) Ralph Waldo Emerson. D) George Catlin.

henry david thoreau

The American transcendentalist who defended his refusal to pay taxes to support the Mexican War in his essay "Civil Disobedience" was A) Herman Melville. B) Nathaniel Hawthorne. C) Ralph Waldo Emerson. D) Henry David Thoreau.

henry david thoreau

What accounted for the profitability of open-range ranching? A) high demand and cheap transportation B) strict governmental regulation driving up prices C) overproduction D) corrupt farming practices

high demand and cheap transportation

Transcontinental railroads used their zone of "indemnity" lands to prevent A) military confiscation of lands for forts. B) state taxation of railroad property. C) sale of federal land along the right-of-way. D) homesteading along the railroad.

homesteading along the railroad

The Monroe Doctrine A) proclaimed President Monroe's intention of intervening actively in Europe. B) followed precisely a suggestion made earlier by the British government. C) hoped to isolate the United States from involvement in European affairs. D) asserted American claims to all of the Oregon country.

hoped to isolate the united states from involvement in european affairs

6. Although the ________ became extinct in the Western Hemisphere about 8,000 B.C.E., it became a vital part of Plains culture after Spanish reintroduction. A) bison B) jackalope C) horse D) bear

horse

When the Whigs nominated Henry Clay for the presidency in 1844, their platform A) came out strongly for the annexation of Texas. B) ignored the question of Texas. C) supported the acquisition of Oregon. D) condemned all expansion.

ignored the question of texas

"The Pretension advanced by Mr. Madison that the American Flag should protect every Individual sailing under it is too extravagant to require any serious Refutation." This statement by a British foreign secretary is about the American response to A) the international slave trade. B) impressment. C) illegal aliens. D) pirates.

impressment

The British practice of forcibly removing British deserters from American ships was called A) impressment. B) dragoonment. C) involuntary recruitment. D) de-naturalization.

impressment

"Jersey negroes appear to be particularly adapted to this market...We have the right to calculate on large importations in the future, from the success which hitherto attended the sale." This quote from a Southern newspaper describes the A) international indentured servant trade. B) international slave trade. C) interstate indentured servant trade. D) interstate slave trade.

interstate slave trade

Embargo Act

it banned trade with France and great Britain during Jefferson's presidency

Which of the following statements about the case of Marbury v. Madison is NOT true? A) Marshall found that by right Marbury should have his commission. B) It established the concept of judicial review by declaring something unconstitutional for the first time. C) It bolstered the concept of checks and balances by providing an executive branch "check" on judicial power. D) It found that Congress did not have the power to authorize the Supreme Court to force Madison to give Marbury his commission.

it bolstered the concept of checks and balances by providing an executive branch check on judicial power

Force Acts

it made lynching a federal crime and was a way to go after the KKK

How does the text evaluate the Embargo Act of 1807? A) It was certainly a mistake. B) It showed that Jefferson sometimes chose practical results over moral principles. C) Strong Federalist support ensured its success. D) Even though it was unpopular, Jefferson had no other feasible options.

it was certainly a mistake

The most significant aspect of the election of 1800 was that A) Jefferson gained an overwhelming vote in the Electoral College. B) the Federalists defeated the Republicans so easily. C) it was not a revolution. D) Jefferson was elected by irregular, if not illegal, means.

it was not a revolution

Civil Rights Act 1866

it was the first presidential veto over written by congress

Jackson's advisers who did not hold regular cabinet appointments were called the A) Locofocos. B) Tennessee Regulars. C) Old Hickories. D) Kitchen Cabinet

kitchen cabinet

24. Most of the wealth from the many mines in the West was gained by the A) original prospectors. B) large mining corporations. C) gamblers and desperadoes. D) regional railroads

large mining corporations

Battle of New Orleans

largest battle of war, American victory, Andrew Jackson was the hero

Thomas Paine

leading advocate for independence, he wrote common sense

The original advocate of organizing new territories on the basis of "popular sovereignty" was A) Lewis Cass. B) Nicholas Trist. C) David Wilmot. D) Zachary Taylor.

lewis cass

The conduct of "Citizen" Genet was unacceptable to the American government because he was A) working to overthrow Washington's administration. B) licensing American vessels as privateers against British shipping. C) involved in political intrigues with Governor Clinton of New York. D) trying to enlist Americans to fight against Napoleon.

licensing american vessels as privateers against british shipping

To secure approval for federal assumption of state debts, Alexander Hamilton promised to A) locate the nation's permanent capital on the Potomac River. B) repay the southern states which had already paid off much of their debt. C) withdraw his proposal for a Bank of the United States. D) support funds to promote southern manufacturing.

locate the nation's permanent capital on the potomac river

The Jacksonians who championed giving the "small man" his chance were the A) Locofocos. B) Know-Nothings. C) Barnburners. D) National Republicans.

locofocos

18th Amendment

made alcohol illegal

13th Amendment

made slavery illegal

Horace Mann

main advocate for free public education

Socialism

major means of production are owned by government

Stating that nothing must interfere with the ability of Americans "to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions," New York journalist John L. O'Sullivan was describing the concept of A) economic determinism. B) transcendentalism. C) manifest destiny. D) progressivism.

manifest destiny

Which of the following statements about Shays's Rebellion is true? A) Citizens of other states were generally indifferent to it. B) The central government effectively aided Massachusetts in quelling the rebellion. C) Many leaders, such as Washington, concluded that the central government must be strengthened. D) Most of the rebels were unemployed shipyard workers, frustrated by the depression of the 1780s.

many leaders such as washington concluded that the central government must be strengthened

The ________ was an early nineteenth century development that constituted the combined solution to the problems of locating sufficient capital, transporting raw materials to factories and products to consumers, and supervising large numbers of workers. A) Lowell System B) industrial revolution C) "market revolution" D) Waltham System

market revolution

What was the public reaction to the Compromise of 1850? A) Violent antislavery riots condemned it in the North. B) Abolitionists were quite pleased with its steps towards gradual emancipation. C) Mass meetings throughout the country were held to support it. D) Defenders of slavery praised it for preserving the balance between free and slave states in the Senate.

mass meetings throughout the country were held to support it

The ability to finance the building of the railroad with money received from federal land grants

meant that the railway operators could pay their workers much higher average wages.

Before Texas gained its independence in 1836, a major conflict between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government was A) Mexico's abolition of slavery. B) Mexico's attempt to require Americans to speak Spanish. C) the effect of the Missouri Compromise on Mexico. D) the weakness of the Mexican central government.

mexicos abolition of slavery

Zachary Taylor was chosen to run for president by the Whigs in 1848 because of his A) opposition to slavery. B) extensive legislative experience. C) proven ability to campaign. D) military career.

military career

When Zachary Taylor died, the politician who became president and was instrumental in achieving the Compromise of 1850 was A) Millard Fillmore. B) Franklin Pierce. C) James Buchanan. D) John Tyler.

millard fillmore

Roughing it (1872) by Mark Twain provides us with our most famous pictures of the A) last Plains Indian wars. B) open-range cattle industry. C) farmers' last frontier. D) mining frontier.

mining frontier.

As a result of the Missouri Compromise, which two states were admitted into the Union? A) Missouri and Maine B) Missouri and Massachusetts C) Arkansas and Kansas D) Rhode Island and Kentucky

missouri and maine

As seen in the map "Bleeding Kansas," Kansas Territory was bordered on the east by proslavery

missouri...

What "may be seen as the final stage in the evolution of American independence"? A) Louisiana Purchase B) Monroe Doctrine C) War of 1812 D) Battle of New Orleans

monroe doctrine

) How was slavery a sectional issue before 1820? A) Westerners tended to disagree with the South because their major markets were in the North. B) The cotton boom dampened southern support of slavery. C) Westerners tended to support the South because most Westerners owned slaves also. D) Most white Americans saw slavery as mainly a local issue.

most white americans saw slavery as mainly a local issue

Bleeding Kansas

mostly the violence was caused by radical outsiders

The map "The War of 1812" depicts the British tactic in America of a(n) A) naval blockade of the American coast. B) amphibious attack on Boston. C) major offensive by Native Americans from west of the Mississippi. D) coordinated attack on the Mississippi River Valley from Canada and New Orleans.

naval blockade of the american coast

In the negotiations for what became the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson originally commissioned Robert Livingston and James Monroe to purchase A) everything west of the Mississippi River. B) St. Louis and New Orleans. C) New Orleans and Florida. D) the rights to navigate the Mississippi River.

new orleans and florida

_____ was the chief clerk of the State Department who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo against the orders of President Polk. A) George M. Dallas B) James G. Birney C) Abel P. Upshur D) Nicholas P. Trist

nicholas p trist

According to the _____________, trade with Great Britain and France was forbidden and could only resume by presidential proclamation when either power ceased violating the rights of Americans. A) Non-Intercourse Act B) Embargo Act C) Berlin Decree D) Milan Decree

non intercourse act

The outcome of the Nullification Crisis convinced the radical South Carolina planters that A) Jackson could not be trusted to keep his promises. B) Calhoun was not firmly committed to nullification. C) nullification and secession could succeed only with the support of other states. D) the government of the United States was an absolute tyranny.

nullification and secession could succeed only with the support of other states

War of 1812

number 1 reason of war was impressed by of us samples and freedom of the seas

Civil War

number one goal for the union was to preserve the union

Confederacy

number one problem in the war was finance

) Both Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau A) worked actively in abolitionist organizations. B) sought truth through scientific research. C) engaged in civil disobedience to protest the Mexican War. D) objected to many of society's restrictions on the individual.

objected to many of society's restrictions on the individual

The discovery that cattle could feed on the prairie grasses of the public domain of the northern plains led to the development of A) bonanza farms. B) open-range ranching. C) refrigerated railroad cars. D) sharecropping.

open-range ranching.

Jackson's attitude toward nullification was to A) oppose it because John C. Calhoun supported it. B) support it because it was a Southern doctrine and he was a Southerner. C) oppose it because of his devotion to the Union. D) oppose it as being divisive in practice, but support it as being correct in principle.

oppose it because of his devotion to the union

During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln A) supported both political equality for blacks and the Dred Scott decision. B) portrayed Douglas as an opponent of the Dred Scott decision. C) opposed both slavery and social and political equality for blacks. D) supported repealing the Fugitive Slave Act.

opposed both slavery and social and political equality for blacks.

The unifying principle of the Whig party was A) support of Henry Clay as a political leader. B) opposition to "King Andrew" Jackson. C) desire to return to property qualifications for voting and holding office. D) rejection of strong government.

opposition to king andrew jackson

By the 1830s, non-agricultural work increasingly took place A) outside the home. B) on the farm. C) in the family household. D) in maritime trades.

outside the home

Hessians

paid mercenaries fought for the British in the revolution

The basic concept underlying the "spoils system" was that A) candidates must campaign viciously to "spoil" the chances of their opponents. B) party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign. C) there was no need to take into account the wishes of the average voter. D) government positions should not be "spoiled" by turning them into political plums.

party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign

The conflict between Jackson and Calhoun was sharpened by their strong disagreement over the A) Peggy Eaton controversy. B) Maysville Road. C) Second National Bank. D) Webster-Hayne debate

peggy eaton controversey

A typical theme of the Second Great Awakening was that A) God had predestined either salvation or damnation for everyone. B) people did not need to worry about judgment day. C) those who were saved were filled with God's grace and need not be bound by human laws. D) people could take their salvation into their own hands.

people could take their salvation into their own hands

Jackson's popularity and success were primarily the result of his A) expert knowledge of the issues. B) genius as an administrator. C) personality and leadership. D) open-mindedness to all sides of a question.

personality and leadership

In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act, which was intended to A) persuade Indians to abandon their traditional tribal cultures. B) protect tribal life and customs. C) encourage Native American crafts and trades. D) place all Native Americans on reservations.

persuade Indians to abandon their traditional tribal cultures.

Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 with a A) thin majority of the popular vote. B) plurality of the popular vote. C) plurality of the Electoral College. D) overwhelming majority of the popular vote

plurality of the Electoral College.

The most drastic departure from past experience under the new constitution was the creation of a A) directly elected Senate. B) national legislature. C) powerful presidency. D) directly elected House of Representatives.

powerful presidency

46. Major John Wesley Powell believed that western lands should be divided into all of the following classes except A) irrigable land. B) timber land. C) prairie land. D) pasturage land

prairie land

Like fellow Westerners, President Jackson A) did not favor internal improvements. B) preferred that local projects be left to the states. C) believed that the federal government should maintain all surpluses. D) thought congressional power should be interpreted broadly.

preferred that local projects be left to the states

Barbed wire destroyed the open-range cattle industry because it A) cost so much to fence an entire ranch. B) mangled large numbers of animals. C) prevented the free movement of cattle. D) was too expensive to maintain.

prevented the free movement of cattle

) The election of 1824 was waged on mainly personal grounds because the A) Democrats were trying to destroy their political opponents. B) previous party system had collapsed. C) newspapers encouraged a mudslinging, negative campaign. D) Whigs were out to win at any price.

previous party system had collapsed

As part of the social reforms accompanying the Revolution, all states in which still had them abolished?

primogeniture and entail

In the War of 1812, the most effective American action against British shipping was by A) U.S. frigates. B) navies of the individual states. C) pirates in the Caribbean. D) privateering merchantmen.

privateering merchantmen

Richard H. Lee

proposed independence for the second continental congress

Thomas Jefferson "prepared the country for democracy" by A) demonstrating that there was almost no difference between the parties. B) introducing legislation to abolish slavery. C) encouraging poor white males to vote. D) proving that a Democrat could establish and maintain a stable regime.

proving that a democrat could establish and maintain a stable regime

***When the French indicated a willingness to reopen the negotiations that had been disrupted by the XYZ Affair, President Adams responded by A) demanding conquest of the remaining Spanish colonies in North and South America. B) pursuing a policy of international peace, despite Federalist demands for war. C) playing upon French fears by discussing an alliance with England. D) disregarding the French overtures because the Federalists had turned American hostility toward the French against the Republicans also.

pursuing a policy of internation peace despite federalist demands for war

How did white Southerners react to northern criticisms of slavery? A) Whites in the "new" South of Mississippi and Alabama (outnumbered by slaves three to one) feared criticisms of slavery might lead to rebellion. B) A significant minority of pro-Unionist Southerners agreed with the criticisms. C) Most Southerners continued to view slaves as always docile, happy, and childlike. D) Radical South Carolinians were convinced that both the protective tariff and the agitation against slavery were examples of tyranny of the majority.

radical south carolinians were convinced that both the protective tariff and the agitation against slavery were examples of tyranny of the majority

Western opinion on public land policy in the early nineteenth century generally favored A) increasing the price and the minimum size offered for sale. B) reducing the price, but increasing the minimum size offered for sale. C) reducing the price and the minimum size offered for sale. D) increasing the price, but reducing the minimum size offered for sale.

reducing the price and the minimum size offered for sale

) During the War of 1812, Federalists in New England A) refused to provide militia to aid in the fight. B) supplied the American army with goods at prices below their cost. C) purchased most of the government bonds to fund the war. D) tried to negotiate an unofficial peace with France.

refused to provide militia to aid in the fight

Jackson's policy toward the Native Americans was to A) give them citizenship. B) respect their culture and traditional homelands. C) place them on reservations in each state. D) remove them to lands west of the Mississippi

remove them to lands west of the mississippi

James Madison believed that a A) decentralized republic would attract leaders of great ability. B) republican form of government could operate efficiently in a large country. C) decentralized republic would protect the country from the manipulations of special interest groups. D) large country would need a less powerful central government.

republican form of government could operate efficiently in a large country

Concerning the birth of political parties in America, which of the following is the correct connection? A) Republicans: George Washington B) Federalists: James Monroe C) Republicans: Alexander Hamilton D) Republicans: Thomas Jefferson

republicans thomas jefferson

Nicholas Biddle realized that he could use the Second National Bank as a A) rudimentary central bank. B) mechanism to undermine President Jackson. C) monopoly to enrich foreign investors. D) means to thwart the political ambitions of Henry Clay.

rudimentary central bank

The Whig party's strategy in the election of 1836 was to A) run several candidates in the hope that the House of Representatives would decide the election. B) nominate Henry Clay because of his strong opposition to Jacksonian policies. C) boycott the Electoral College and appeal to the voters. D) nominate William Henry Harrison because he could appeal to Jackson supporters.

run several candidates in the hope that the house of representativese would decide the election

Prior to the Louisiana Purchase, Napoleon launched an expedition against which former French colony, led by which black revolutionary? A) Saint Domingue; Toussaint Louverture B) Haiti; Maximilien Robespierre C) Cuba; Jose Marti D) Guadeloupe; Louis Delgres

saint dominge, toussaint louverture

For Jefferson, one of the most important reasons for the Louisiana Purchase was that it A) secured access to the mouth of the Mississippi River. B) supported American claims to gold deposits in the Midwest. C) opened new territory for the expansion of slavery. D) provided land which could be used to back up the new paper money issued by the National Bank.

secured access to the mouth of the Mississippi river

John Brown's major goal in attacking Harpers Ferry was to A) keep slavery out of Kansas. B) seize the federal arsenal and arm the slaves. C) cut communications between Washington and the South. D) punish the citizens for their support of slave catchers.

seize the federal arsenal and arm the slaves.

A direct consequence of the election of 1800 was the constitutional amendment stipulating A) a single electoral college ballot in which the candidate with the most votes became president and the runner-up became vice president. B) the organization of political parties. C) separate electoral college ballots for president and vice-president. D) qualifications of those who could vote for presidential electors.

separate electoral college ballots for president and vice president

The greatest opposition to the War of 1812 came from A) churches. B) Westerners. C) expansionists. D) shipowners

shipowners

In its treaties with Native Americans, the American government generally A) honored only those made after 1860. B) showed little interest in honoring them. C) considered them legally binding obligations. D) honored only those made before 1860.

showed little interest in honoring them.

The Treaty of Ghent (1814) ending the War of 1812 A) required the British to stop the impressment of seamen. B) simply reestablished the status quo ante bellum. C) clearly defined the rights of neutral nations. D) was merely a temporary halt in the ongoing violent conflicts between the British and the Americans.

simply reestablished the status quo ante bellum

In the debates over the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's most famous argument was that A) because God's "higher law" prohibited any cooperation with the evils of slavery, the North should refuse to compromise. B) the North should yield completely on every point, ceasing even to discuss slavery. C) fugitive slaves who escaped to the North should be guaranteed their freedom. D) slavery did not need to be prohibited by a Wilmot Proviso because the facts of geography and climate prevented its establishment in the Southwest.

slavery did not need to be prohibited by a wilmot proviso because the facts of geography and climate prevented its establishment in the southwest

The Erie Canal A) was constructed by a group of New York merchants. B) was a financial disaster. C) solidly established New York City's importance in commerce. D) benefited New England through the feeder canals.

solidly established New York City's importance in commerce

The nation which caused a major problem for the new government of the Articles of Confederation when it closed the lower Mississippi River to American commerce was A) Spain. B) France. C) Great Britain. D) England.

spain

The Monroe Doctrine's warning against European interference in America came because ________ colonies rebelled to gain their independence. A) France's B) Spain's C) Portugal's D) England's

spains

In 1849 approximately 80,000 Americans migrated to California because of the A) completion of the Santa Fe Trail. B) start of the gold rush. C) end of the Mexican War. D) severe unemployment in the East.

start of the gold rush

Between 1803 and 1806, the main effect upon America of the war between France and England was to A) stimulate the economy dramatically, especially in re-exporting foreign products. B) deepen domestic political divisions between the Republicans and the Federalists. C) disrupt and almost destroy American foreign trade. D) stimulate greatly increased defense spending in preparation for war.

stimulate the economy dramatically especially in reexporting foreign products

The part of the Compromise of 1850 which seems to indicate unscrupulous activities was A) admitting California as a free state. B) taking over the debts of Texas. C) strengthening the fugitive slave law. D) abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia.

strengthening the fugitive slave law

Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States needed a A) completely unregulated economy. B) strong national government. C) political democracy with no restrictions on voting and office holding. D) weak national government.

strong national government

When confronted by the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794, Washington A) lacked the power to suppress it. B) suppressed it peacefully with a tremendous show of force. C) ignored it until it died out. D) met with the leaders to discuss their problems.

suppressed it peacefully with a tremendous show of force

An underlying principle commonly agreed upon by Jacksonians was A) increased government regulation of the economy. B) respect for professional experts in government. C) elimination of slavery and the slave trade. D) suspicion of special privileges and large business corporations.

suspicion of special privileges and large business corporations

President Polk's plans to defeat Mexico included A) driving Santa Anna from power. B) invading Texas. C) establishing a naval blockade of Mexican ports. D) taking possession of California and New Mexico

taking posession of california and new mexico

Under the Articles of Confederation there was a failed attempt to raise revenue and pressure the British by a(n) A) tariff. B) income tax. C) quitrent. D) foreign property tax.

tariff

) The Tariff of 1828 was so high that in the South it was called the A) Tariff of No Return. B) Extravagant Tariff. C) Tariff of Abominations. D) Bloody Tariff.

tariff of abominations

The purpose of the ________ Amendment to the Constitution was to mollify those who feared the states would be destroyed by the new government. A) First B) Fourth C) Seventh D) Tenth

tenth

The Louisiana Purchase furthered weakened the power of A) Napoleon. B) the Republicans. C) the Federalists. D) Thomas Jefferson

the federalists

In the battle over the independence of Texas, the slaughters at Goliad and at ________, a former mission, made peaceful settlement of the dispute with Mexico almost impossible. A) the Alamo B) the Citadel C) Corpus Christi D) Santa Fe

the Alamo

In the decades following the Civil War, which area of the country became known as the "breadbasket" of America? A) the Plains states west of the Mississippi B) the Deep South C) the North D) the states bordering the eastern side of the Mississippi

the Plains states west of the Mississippi

Which of the following statements about the U.S. highway system in the nineteenth century is true? A) For military purposes, the U.S. government began the task of creating an integrated system of roads across the country. B) The U.S. government concentrated on building roads in mountainous areas and left the rest to privateers. C) The U.S. government had no comprehensive highway program in the nineteenth century. D) The construction of highways was the one subject where sectional rivalries did not surface

the US government had no comprehensive highway program in the nineteenth century

Attempts to build canals in ________ often resulted in financial disaster. A) the South B) the Tidewater C) the West D) New England

the West

Other than Jackson's personal popularity, the main campaign issue in the presidential election of 1832 was A) nullification. B) Jackson's Indian removal policy. C) the spoils system. D) the Bank of the United States.

the bank of the united states

The two reasons why fighting on the Plains slackened after Custer's 1876 defeat are A) epidemic diseases and malnutrition among the tribes. B) the increased settlement by homesteaders and the formation of territorial governments. C) the tribes who defeated Custer either fled to Canada or accepted reservation life. D) the building of the transcontinental railroad and the destruction of the buffalo

the building of the transcontinental railroad and the destruction of the buffalo.

***The XYZ Affair resulted in A) the creation of a Navy department and military appropriations to pursue the Federalist demands for war with France. B) France unilaterally ending the alliance of 1778 with America. C) France securing an alliance by bribing the American negotiators. D) the creation of a permanent standing army with military appropriations to pursue the Republican demands for war with England.

the creation of a navy department and military appropriations to pursue the federalist demands for war with france

"Oregon fever" referred to A) a common malady of the nineteenth century. B) a deep-seated hate for the Native Americans. C) the desire to go to Oregon. D) Christian attempts to convert the Native Americans.

the desire to go to Oregon

The 1830 debate between Senators Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne focused on A) the doctrine of states' rights as opposed to national power. B) the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States. C) the "corrupt bargain" during the election of 1824. D) Jackson's policy of Indian removal.

the doctrine of states' rights as opposed to national power

Congress repealed ________ in 1809 because it harmed American commerce rather than that of the British and French. A) the Non-Intercourse Act B) the Milan Decree C) the Embargo Act D) Macon's Bill No. 2

the embargo act

Much Anti-Federalist opposition to the Constitution disappeared when A) the Federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people. B) it became obvious that the constitution would be adopted over their objections. C) Alexander Hamilton threatened to impose an even stronger national government with the assistance of the army. D) it was agreed that an Anti-Federalist would be chosen vice-president.

the federalists promised amendments to guarantee the civil liberties of the people

The final form of the Constitution was decided by A) James Madison's unwillingness to compromise on any issues. B) the give-and-take of practical compromise. C) an alliance of the large, northern states. D) a small group of Southerners dedicated to protecting slavery.

the give and take of practical comprimise

In January 1815, which of the following gave states the right to assert their authority should "deliberate, dangerous and palpable infractions of the Constitution" be made? A) the Essex Junto B) the Hartford Convention C) the Federalist Papers D) the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves

the hartford convention

It was the intention of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention that A) the president would be elected directly by the citizenry. B) the House of Representatives would elect the president because of the effect of the cumbersome Electoral College method. C) members of the Electoral College would directly elect the president. D) the Senate would make nominations and that the House would choose and appoint the president.

the house of representatives would elect the president because of the effect of the cumbersome electoral college method

50) In the face of growing sectionalism, which of the following was NOT a unifying force among the American landscape? A) growth and prosperity B) patriotism C) the uniqueness of the American system of government D) the ideas of preeminent politicians, such as those found in Calhoun's Exposition and Protest

the ideas of preeminent politicians such as those found in calhouns exposition and protest

Which of the following caused panic in the country in the spring of 1837? A) the reelection of Andrew Jackson B) the inability of banks to make specie payments C) the rise of the radical Locofoco party D) the purchase of Florida from Spain

the inability of banks to make specie payments

During 1835 and 1836, as a result of the creation of the "pet" banks, A) economic stability and prosperity resumed. B) the money supply shrank dramatically and plunged the country into a depression. C) the Bank of the United States retained all government deposits. D) the money supply increased rapidly and fueled wild speculation in land.

the money supply increased rapidly and fueled wild speculation in land

) "The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers." The source of this quote is A) the Embargo Act. B) the Transcontinental Treaty. C) Washington's Neutrality Proclamation. D) the Monroe Doctrine.

the monroe doctrine

Northern objections to admitting Missouri as a slave state were based on A) the immorality of slavery. B) the overrepresentation they thought Missouri would have because of the Three-Fifths Compromise. C) the loss of revenue the federal treasury would suffer when plantations rather than homesteads were established. D) their fears that this would lead to resumption of the international slave trade.

the over representation they thought missouri would have because of the three fifths comprimise

The main responsibility for "bleeding Kansas" rests upon

the pierce administration did not ensure honest elections because that might alienate the south...

What happened in the Mexican War? A) The president led the nation into war without a formal declaration of war from Congress. B) American armed forces fought only inside the boundaries of the continental United States. C) Although the Mexican army was larger, better equipped, and well-led, American forces easily conquered Mexico. D) General Winfield Scott led a disastrous and poorly planned campaign against Mexico City.

the president led the nation into war without a formal declaration of war from congress

The vote in the House of Representatives on Tallmadge's amendment to the Missouri Enabling Act in 1819 demonstrated that A) the rapidly growing North controlled the House of Representatives. B) only a small minority of politicians favored restricting the expansion of slavery. C) the South retained the power to limit the actions of the House. D) the emerging West held the balance of power in the House.

the rapidly growing north controlled the house of representatives

Marbury vs Madison

the ruling said that the supreme Court will decide if laws are Constitutional

The depression of 1819 was worsened by the policies of A) New England merchants. B) James Madison. C) the second Bank of the United States. D) the Treasury Department.

the second bank of the united states

The communitarian group whose members were celibate, held their property in common, valued simplicity and industriousness, stressed equality of labor, and practiced a joyful and fervent religion was A) Brook Farm. B) Oneida. C) the Shakers. D) the Mormons.

the shakers

Open door policy

the united states could trade with any Asian country

The British changed their strategy against the United States in 1814 because A) they could expect the support of France and Spain at that time. B) the war in Europe, which had diverted their attention earlier, was now over. C) the American military effort had broken down completely. D) they had been soundly defeated in Europe.

the war in europe was now over

The reason the final Oregon Treaty between the United States and England was popular is that A) America got all it demanded. B) the war with Mexico had begun. C) the Democrats saw a chance to get even with the Whigs. D) slavery was forbidden in the area.

the war with mexico had begun

"Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" was the campaign slogan for General William Henry Harrison who was the nominee of what political party? A) the Democrats B) the Republicans C) the Jacksonians D) the Whigs

the whigs

Great Britain

they needed northern wheat more than they needed southern cotton

One of the main differences between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton was that Hamilton A) believed that city-dwellers were easily corrupted by demagogues. B) was a Republican. C) thought commercialization and centralization was best for the country. D) opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts.

thought commercialization and centralization was best for the country

) The "Tariff of Abominations" was so-called by its detractors because it A) threatened to impoverish the South with its excessively high rates. B) established rates on raw materials which were too low to protect southern crops. C) seemed to be designed to promote the candidacy of John Quincy Adams. D) dramatically cut tariffs and flooded the South with cheap imported goods.

thretened to impoverish the south with its excessively high rates

The "Burr Conspiracy" was an unsuccessful attempt A) to seize the presidency, which Aaron Burr thought was rightfully his. B) by Burr to assassinate Alexander Hamilton. C) to separate a part of the West from the United States. D) by Hamilton to assassinate Aaron Burr.

to separate a part of the west from the united states

The Mexican War was ended by the A) Gadsden Purchase. B) Treaty of Vera Cruz. C) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. D) Treaty of San Juoaquin.

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

Sherman Antitrust Act

trusts that formed monopolies were illegal

In the 1790s and early 1800s, private companies built roads called A) byways. B) thoroughfares. C) highways. D) turnpikes.

turnpikes

It was difficult to amend the Articles of Confederation because amendments had to be approved by A) unanimous consent of members of Congress. B) legislatures in three-fourths of the states. C) specially elected conventions in nine of the thirteen states. D) unanimous consent of the states.

unanimous consent of the states

Jackson defended his veto of the charter of the Second National Bank on the grounds that it was A) too weak to help stabilize the economy. B) unable to attract foreign investors. C) dominated by speculators in western land. D) unconstitutional, despite the Supreme Court.

unconstitutional despite the supreme court

In 1840, California could be most accurately described as A) unmistakably Mexican, with only a handful of white American settlers. B) still almost entirely controlled and owned by a series of Catholic missions. C) one of the few areas where the Native Americans were guaranteed the same civil rights as whites. D) dominated by white Americans, with only a handful of Mexican settlers.

unmistakably Mexican with only a handful of white american settlers

In accordance with the joint resolution that annexed Texas, A) Texas became an independent territory. B) up to four new states could be created from its territory. C) the territory of Texas was required to remain consolidated. D) Texas had to wait ten years until it could be granted full statehood.

up to four new states could be created from its territory

Ableman v. Booth

upheld the Fugitive slave act

Radical Republicans

wanted immediate rights for African Americans

The War Hawks called for war against Great Britain because they A) agreed with the New England merchants' desire to stop impressment of their sailors. B) wanted to defend the national honor and save the republic from British domination. C) hoped to reopen European ports to US trade. D) were trying to divert public attention away from their immoral treatment of the Native Americans.

wanted to defend the national honor and save the republic from british domination

Dorothea Dix

wanted to reform prison and institutions for the mentally ill

***Immediately after the Erie Canal was completed, it A) faced severe competition from a rapidly developing railroad network. B) was a financial success. C) became a source of bitter political wrangling in New York. D) was taken over by the federal government

was a financial success

1) The consumer revolution of the early nineteenth century A) encouraged plain and simple living. B) was accompanied by the emulation of aristocratic manners. C) came at a time of economic stagnation and complacency. D) led to the violent rejection of anything that seemed cosmopolitan or luxurious.

was accompanied by the emulation of aristocratic manners.

Lincoln

was an excellent leader during war. And he suspended the writ of habeas corpus (to be arrested you have to be formally charged with reasoning why)

As president, John Quincy Adams A) was an inept politician. B) eloquently aroused public support for his programs. C) was extraordinarily sensitive to the mood of public opinion. D) strongly opposed federal support for internal improvements.

was an inept politician

As president, George Washington A) aggressively led the Federalist party in election campaigns. B) used his "State of the Union" addresses to advocate legislation. C) was careful not to exceed the powers given him by the Constitution. D) was not concerned about establishing precedents.

was careful not to exceed the powers given him by the constitution

One significant aspect of life on the westward trail in the 1840s was that it A) was actually safer for children than remaining at home. B) was easier for women than for men. C) strongly reinforced the family pattern of "separate spheres." D) was especially taxing for women.

was especially taxing for women

The Republic of Liberia in western Africa A) was a prime example of black political independence in the nineteenth century. B) was founded by the American Colonization Society and was the eventual home to 12,000 American blacks. C) received approximately a million immigrants from the United States prior to 1850. D) was founded by free blacks from the United States.

was fonded by the american colonization society and was the eventual home to 12000 american blacks

William McKinley

was reluctant to go to war with Spain

The Embargo Act of 1807 A) won public acclaim for Jefferson because "he kept us out of war." B) was resented and resisted by large numbers of Americans. C) easily accomplished its purpose. D) was not supported initially by many Americans, but they eventually saw the wisdom of Jefferson's policy.

was resented and resisted by large numbers of americans

The major U.S. city sacked and burned by the British in 1814 was A) Washington. B) New Orleans. C) Baltimore. D) Philadelphia.

washington

The ________ Treaty settled the disputed boundary between Maine and New Brunswick and demonstrated the growing Anglo-American economic dependence. A) Transcontinental B) Clayton-Bulwer C) Webster-Ashburton D) Gadsden

webster-ashburton

As a result of the War of 1812, the Federalists A) increased their popularity in all regions. B) were discredited as a political party. C) lost popularity in the South. D) regained the presidency in the election of 1816.

were discredited as a political party

) Both Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren A) were unwilling to annex Texas. B) attempted to annex Texas. C) refused to recognize Texas. D) warned Mexico to leave Texas alone

were unwilling to annex Texas.

The group which consistently favored low prices and easy credit for western lands was A) westerner settlers. B) northern manufacturers. C) southern planters. D) northern farmers.

westerner settlers

Yellow Journalism

when you lie or exaggerate to sell newspaper. One of the causes of the Spanish American war

The new political coalition which emerged to challenge Democratic control in the 1830s was called the A) Federalists. B) Republicans. C) Bull Moose party. D) Whigs.

whigs

The French Revolution and the ensuing war between France and Great Britain tended to A) widen the split between American political parties. B) unite all political parties to oppose the principles of the French Revolution. C) undermine America's close relationship with England. D) unite all political parties to support the principles of the French Revolution.

widen the split between american political parties

American settlement in the Oregon region was centered in the A) Columbia River Valley. B) Willamette Valley. C) Walla Walla River Valley. D) Cascade Mountains.

willamette valley

In the election of 1840 the Whig's presidential nominee, who was a former military hero whose political opinions were largely unknown, was A) William Henry Harrison. B) Martin Van Buren. C) James K. Polk. D) Zachary Taylor.

william henry harrison

The campaign against Mexico City was commanded by General A) Zachary Taylor. B) Stephen Kearny. C) Winfield Scott. D) Thomas Hart Benton.

winfield scott

George Washington's Cabinet was chosen A) without consulting John Adams, his vice president. B) from persons to whom Washington owed political favors. C) without regard to political affiliation or personal agreement with him. D) from Washington's personal friends in Virginia.

without regard to political affiliation or personal agreement with him

Most workers in the earliest textile factories were A) women and children. B) former hand spinners and hand weavers. C) immigrants. D) displaced farmers.

women and children

***The French demand in 1797-1798 for a bribe as a precondition to negotiations with America was called the A) Lyon-Griswold Tangle. B) Berlin Decree. C) XYZ Affair. D) ABC Affair.

xyz affair

15th Amendment

you can't be denied the right to vote because of your face

Under the Waltham System, A) laborers performed the work in their own homes. B) laborers often fell heavily in debt to the company store because of easy credit. C) each laborer was responsible for training his own apprentice. D) young farm women worked and lived under strictly supervised conditions.

young farm women worked and lived under strictly supervised conditions